Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics

682 Pages·1985·29.51 MB·English

by  W. E. Bron (auth.)

Nonequilibrium Phonon
Dynamics
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
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B Physics New York and London
C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and Lancaster
o Behavioral and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
E Engineering and The Hague, Boston, and Lancaster
Materials Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
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Recent Volumes in this Series
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edited by G. Velo and A. S. Wightman
Volume 119-Analytical Laser Spectroscopy
edited by S. Martellucci and A. N. Chester
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Volume 121-Electronic Structure, Dynamics, and Quantum Structural
Properties of Condensed Matter
edited by Jozef T. Devreese and Piet Van Camp
Volume 122-Quarks, Leptons, and Beyond
edited by H. Fritzsch, R. D. Peccei, H. Saller, and F. Wagner
Volume 123-Density Functional Methods in Physics
edited by Reiner M. Dreizler and Joao da Providencia
Volume 124-Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics
edited by Walter E. Bron
Series B: Physics
Nonequilibrium Phonon
Dynamics
Edited by
Walter E. Bran
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana
Plenum Press
New York and London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics,
held August 27-September 7, 1984,
in Les Arcs, France
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics
(1984: Les Arcs, France)
Nonequilibrium phonon dynamics,
(NATO ASI series. Series B, Physics; v. 124)
"Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nonequilibrium
Phonon Dynamics, held August 27-September 7, 1984, in Les Arcs,
France" - T.p. verso.
"Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division."
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Phonons-Congresses. 2. Lattice dynamics-congresses. I. Bron,
Walter E. II. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Divi
sion. III. Title. IV. Title: Phonon dynamics. V. Series.
QC176.8.P5N38 1984 530.4'1 85-6449
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9513-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2501-7
001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2501-7
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1985
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
Phonons are always present in the solid state even at an
absolute temperature of 0 K where zero point vibrations still
abound. Moreover, phonons interact with all other excitations of
the solid state and, thereby, influence most of its properties.
Historically experimental information on phonon transport came
from measurements of thermal conductivity. Over the past two
decades much more, and much more detailed, information on phonon
transport and on many of the inherent phonon interaction processes
have come to light from experiments which use nonequilibrium
phonons to study their dynamics. The resultant research field has
most recently blossomed with the development of ever more
sophisticated experimental and theoretical methods which can be
applied to it. In fact, the field is moving so rapidly that new
members of the research community have difficulties in keeping up
to date.
This NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) was organized with
the objective of overcoming the information barrier between those
expert in the field and those who are new to it. Thus it was
decided to (i) organize a set of tutorially based lectures covering
most of the important facets in the field, and (ii) to produce an
Institute proceedings which would serve both as the first general
textbook, as well as a valuable reference book, for this field of
knowledge.
The set of lectures and this text are organized into two main
subjects. These are Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics in the Bulk,
and Phonons and Phonon Dynamics at (and near) Solid Surfaces. This
also represents, for the most part, the order in which the material
was presented during the ASI. Each lecturer presented essentially
all of his material during a single 3 1/4 hour period. Although
such a lecture period is quite an imposition on the lecturer, it
results in a more coherent form of presentation than when the
material is presented over fragmented periods of time. After each
three lecture periods, a full period of 3 1/4 hours was dedicated
to a general and completely open discussion period. The discussion
periods were under the leadership of a chairman and the three
v
PREFACE
previous lecturers. These periods were designed to offer to the
participants ample time to ask detailed questions on the previous
lectures (in a format useful to all the participants) and to make
comments and contributions of their own. All of the discussion
periods took up all their allotted time and would have taken more
if time had been available.
It became obvious as the ASI progressed that although much new
knowledge in the field of nonequilibrium phonon dynamics has come
to light in the past decade, much remains to be done before the
field can be considered to be fully mature. Perhaps the most
obvious missing links are theoretical formulations which are
readily reducible to comparison with experimental results. We
expect progress in this area in the future.
Some comments about the manuscripts. Modern word processors
have become an obvious tool for speeding up the typing of
camera-ready manuscripts. However, they lead to a wide spread of
typing fonts and in the general appearance of manuscripts, as
compared to the past when the IBM selectric typewriter, or its
equivalent, were the norm. I have, however, decided to accept this
spread in manuscript appearance so as not to undergo both the
expense and the consequent delay in retyping a number of the
manuscripts. Content is more important than form.
I also regretfully take note that the manuscripts by Professor
Bilz on the Dynamical Aspects of Nonlinear Oscillators and that by
Professor Maneval on the Thermal Response of Thin Metal Films were
not available at the time of publication.
The ASI was held in the Hotel du Golf, Les Arcs (Savoy),
France from August 27 through September 7, 1984 .. Situated some
1800 meters above sea level, and overlooking Mont Blanc and other
exceptionally beautiful scenery, the Hotel and its surroundings
became a welcomed relief from the ASI's full and, at times, hectic
program.
It goes almost without saying that an Institute of this scope
and size can not occur without the financial and organizational
help from a variety of sources. Most important, of course, was the
funding and organizational advice from the Scientific Affairs
Office of NATO. We are all grateful for their help. I would also
wish to thank the Max Planck Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung,
Stuttgart which helped to produce and mail the ASI's poster, and
the Physics Department at Indiana University who provided the
personnel for the second and subsequent mailings. The
U.S. National Science Foundation provided travel funding for three
young U.S. participants. The same is so for the science
foundations and universities of the countries of many of the other
lecturers and participants. We thank them all for their help and
PREFACE
trust that their aid to future ASIs will continue to assist
scientific communication.
I have also to thank many individuals whose aid helped to make
the ASI the success it turned out to be. Among these persons, I
would particularly like to acknowledge the help and advice of the
members of the Organizing Committee; namely, Professors L. Challis
and K. Renk, and of Professor J.-P. Maneval who undertook to be the
local coordinator and who made the original contact with the hotel
and, most importantly, battled with the vagaries of the
international banking system to balance the hotel phase of the
budget.
Many thanks go to Kathryn Crouch, my excellent secretary at
Indiana University. By far the greatest graditude goes to my wife,
Ann, who took on the secretarial and treasurers job during our
prolonged stay in Stuttgart during the summer of 1984, plus during
and after the ASI. Her help and organizational skills have been
acknowledged by lecturers and participants alike. Finally, my
thanks go to Mrs. J. Challis and Mrs. A.-M. Maneval who helped my
wife to staff the secretariat at Les Arcs, and to Mr. T. Gazaud and
Mr. P. Fabing of the staff of the Hotel du Golf for making our stay
there so pleasant.
Walter E. Bron
Institute Director and
Professor of Physics
Department of Physics
Indiana University
Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
CONTENTS
BULK NONEQUILIBRIUM PHONONS
Studies of Nonequilibrium Dynamics in the
time Domain . • . • . . • . . • 1
W.E. Bron
Studies on Nonequilibrium Phonons by
Optical Techniques. • • • • 59
K.F. Renk
Generation, Propagation and Detection of
Terahertz Phonons in Gallium Arsenide 101
R.G. Ulbrich
Monochromatic Phonon Generation by Super
conducting Tunnel Junctions • • • . 129
H. Kinder
Phonon Imaging: Theory and Applications 165
G.A. Northrop and J.P. Wolfe
An Introduction to Crossing Effects in
Phonon Scattering •.•• 243
L.J. Challis
Phonon Echoes, Polarization Echoes, and
Acoustic Phase Conjugation in Solids. 277
K. Fossheim
Introduction to Phonon Hydrodynamics. . . . • • • • • • • •• 313
R. Klein
Electron-Phonon Interaction, Screening and
Phonon-Generation • • . • • • • • . • 357
J.T. Devreese
ix
x CONTENTS
SURFACE NONEQUILIBRIUM PHONONS
Surface Acoustic Waves. 395
A.A. Maradudin
Vibrational Energy Exchange Between Gases and
Solids. . • • • • • • • . • . 601
G. Benedek
The Gas/Phonon Interface: Desorption and
Other Phenomena •.•••••. 623
D.L. Goodstein
Photograph. 662
Index • . • 663