Non-Western Responses to Terrorism

499 Pages·2019·4.882 MB·English

by  Michael J. Boyle

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Non-Western
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NEW DIRECTIONS IN TERRORISM STUDIES
A series edited by

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e Max Taylor
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Senior Visiting Fellow at the School of International Relations at the University of
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erteDistinguished University Professor, Department of Psychology, Georgia State
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an di New Directions in Terrorism Studies aims to introduce new and innovative
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approaches to understanding terrorism and the terrorist. It does this by

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Dit itheory and practice. The key qualities of the series are contemporary relevance,
accessibility and innovation.
Previously published
The role of terrorism in twenty-first-century warfare
Susanne Martin and Leonard Weinberg
Non-Western

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to terrorism
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© m
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ooEdited by MICHAEL J. BOYLE
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Manchester University Press
Copyright © Manchester University Press 2019
While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in

d individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or
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t in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher.
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ot Published by Manchester University Press
pr Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA

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e British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
© m A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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d o ISBN 978 1 5261 0581 3 hardback
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wnl ille First published 2019
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Dt i The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for
i any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does
not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or
appropriate.
Typeset
by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
Contents
List of figures
viii
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eList of tables ix
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cNotes on contributors
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otForeword – Alex P. Schmid xviii
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pAcknowledgements xx

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yriIntroduction – Michael J. Boyle 1
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© Pamrt I: Russia and Central Asia
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o1o Russia: Russia’s response to terrorism in the twenty-
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e.s first century – Ekaterina Stepanova 23
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stePabutrt II: Asia 55
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c2st China: Xi Jinping, China’s legal reform and
an di counterterrorism – Irene Chan 57
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m3y Japan: Terrorism and counterterrorism in Japan –
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D5t i Indonesia: Political violence and counterterrorism:
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Disputed boundaries of a postcolonial state –
Evan A. Laksmana and Michael Newell
128
Part III: South Asia
151
6 India: Counterterrorism in India: An ad hoc response to
an enduring and variable threat – Rashmi Singh
153
vi CONTENTS
7 Pakistan: Countering terrorism in Pakistan:
Challenges, conundrum and resolution –
Muhammad Feyyaz
184
Part IV: Latin and South America
219
8 Brazil: When the shoe doesn’t fit: Brazilian approaches
to terrorism and counterterrorism in the
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e post-9/11 era – Jorge M. Lasmar
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ot 9 Colombia: The changing meaning of ‘terrorism’ in
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p Colombia: A matter of discourse – Oscar Palma
246
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p 271
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e10 Algeria: Algeria’s response to violent extremism –
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m u George Joffé 273
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cd11 Egypt: Extremism in moderation: Understanding
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rhie t Dina Al Raffie 294
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esb12 Lebanon: Contending notions of terrorism in Lebanon:
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m y 13 Saudi Arabia: Islam and Saudi Arabia’s
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Dot isPart VI: Africa 385
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15 Kenya: Counterterrorism in Kenya: Security aid,
impunity and Muslim alienation –
Jeremy Prestholdt
387
16 Nigeria: A vicious cycle: The growth of terrorism
and counterterrorism in Nigeria, 1999–2016 –
Jennifer Giroux and Michael Nwankpa
410
CONTENTS vii
17 Uganda: Counterterrorism in Museveni’s Uganda –
Emma Leonard Boyle
433
18 South Africa: Understanding South Africa’s confused
and ineffective response to terrorism – Hussein
Solomon
449

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eConclusion – Michael J. Boyle 470
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Figures

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e 1.1 Terrorist attacks, by select region, 2000–16. (Source: Global Terrorism
ct Database, 2017) 26
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t 1.2 Terrorist incidents in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan and the rest of the
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pr world, 2001–16. (Source: Global Terrorism Database, 2017) 27

ht 1.3 Terrorist attacks in Russia, 2000–16. (Sources: Russia, Russian
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py GTD, Global Terrorism Database, 2017) 30
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Cn1.4 Terrorist attacks with over ten fatalities in Russia, 1994–2017.
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© m (Sources: 1994–2016, Global Terrorism Database, 2017; 2017, Russian
m u Government) 30
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oo5.1 Indonesian national budget for counterterrorism (CT), 2007–10 (billions
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e.s IDR) 139
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hit7.1 Annual aggregates of suicide attacks in Pakistan, 1995–2012. (Source:

erte K. Iqbal, The Making of Pakistani Human Bombs (London: Lexington
stbu Books, 2015)) 199
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htri9.1 Word count for ‘narcoterrorism’ in the New York Times and El Tiempo,
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ndi 1990–2014 253
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mor9.2 Progression of FARC attacks. (Based on Carlos Ospina, ‘Insights from

my Colombia’s Long War: Counterinsurgency Lessons Learned,’ Journal
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froco of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security International 12:3 (2006):
d o 26–33) 255
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Tables

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1.1 Countries ranked by level of terrorist activity 29
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c2.1 Death toll from Xinjiang-related violence, 2013–15 61
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t2.2 Evolution of China’s counterterrorism legislation framework,
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ht4.1 Malaysia’s Special Branch Units 116
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© 12m.1 Attacks in Lebanon since Rafic Hariri’s assassination 337
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