Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Practical Guide

329 Pages·2013·10.65 MB·English

by  Geoffrey C. Farrell

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-Alcoholic
Fatty Liver
Disease
A Practical Guide
EDITED BY
Geoffrey C. Farrell md fracp
Professor of Hepatic Medicine
Australian National University Medical School;
Senior Staff Hepatologist
The Canberra Hospital
Canberra, ACT, Australia
Arthur J. McCullough
md
Pier C. and Renee A. Borra Family Endowed Chair
Professor of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University;
Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Digestive Disease Institute;
Staff, Department of Pathobiology
Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
Cleveland, OH, USA
Christopher P. Day ma (cantab) phd md frcp fmedsci
Pro-Vice Chancellor and Provost of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Medical Sciences
Newcastle University
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : a practical guide / edited by Geoffrey C. Farrell, Arthur J. McCullough,
Christopher P. Day.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-67317-1 (hardback : alk. paper)
I. Farrell, Geoffrey C. II. McCullough, Arthur J. III. Day, Christopher Paul.
[DNLM: 1. Fatty Liver. WI 700]
616.3'62–dc23
2012044846
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not
be available in electronic books.
Cover image: First image iStock File #4923036 (brakenj), third image iStock File #14083300 (KT TSUJI) and
fourth image iStock File #14271207 (IngramPublishing). Second panel image reproduced with permission of
Takeshi Yokoo, An Tang and Claude Sirlin. Fifth panel image and background image reproduced with
permission of Elizabeth M. Brunt and David E. Kleiner.
Cover design by Grounded Design
Set in 9/12 pt Meridien by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2013
Contents
List of Contributors, vii
1 What is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and why is it important? 1
Geoffrey C. Farrell, Arthur J. McCullough, and Christopher P. Day
2 NAFLD in the community, 17
Leon A. Adams
3 Pathology of NAFLD, 27
Elizabeth M. Brunt and David E. Kleiner
4 The natural history of NAFLD, 37
Paul Angulo
5 Emerging concepts on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH), 46
Isabelle A. Leclercq
6 Diabetes and NAFLD: why is the connection important? 62
Elisabetta Bugianesi
7 NAFLD and cardiovascular risk factors: implications for vascular disease, 71
Giovanni Targher
8 A primary care perspective of fatty liver: diagnosis, management, prescribing, and
when to refer, 84
Shivakumar Chitturi and Geoffrey C. Farrell
9 Imaging of NAFLD, 93
Takeshi Yokoo, An Tang, and Claude B. Sirlin
10 Non-invasive methods to determine the severity of NAFLD and NASH, 112
Vincent Wai-Sun Wong and Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
11 Fatigue, quality of life, and psychosocial issues for people with NAFLD, 122
Julia L. Newton and James Frith
12 Physical activity and cardiovascular fitness in patients with NAFLD:
clinical importance and therapeutic implications, 132
Ingrid J. Hickman, Graeme A. Macdonald, and Nuala M. Byrne
13 NAFLD, obesity, and bariatric surgery, 149
Philippe Mathurin
v
vi    Contents
14 Genetic predisposition to NAFLD and NASH: implications for pathogenesis,
diagnosis, prevention, and management, 157
Quentin M. Anstee, Ann K. Daly, and Christopher P. Day
15 NAFLD in children, 171
Ariel E. Feldstein
16 The pointy end of the NAFLD iceberg: cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and liver
failure, 182
Jonathon W. Schwake, Dawn M. Torres, and Stephen A. Harrison
17 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular cancer, and other cancers, 192
Janine Graham and Helen L. Reeves
18 NAFLD in Chinese and South Asian people, 206
Jia-Horng Kao, Deepak Amarapurkar, and Jian-Gao Fan
19 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japan, 217
Takeshi Okanoue, Kohichiroh Yasui, and Yoshito Itoh
20 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in South America and Hispanic people, 228
Helma Pinchemel Cotrim and Carla Daltro
21 Alcohol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an oxymoron or a new standard
of care?, 234
Achuthan Sourianarayanane, Srinivasan Dasarathy, and Arthur J. McCullough
22 Dietary factors in the pathogenesis and care of patients with fatty liver disease, 248
Giulio Marchesini, Rebecca Marzocchi, Anna S. Sasdelli, Cristiana Andruccioli,
and Silvia Di Domizio
23 Metabolic factors and steatosis in patients with hepatitis B and C, 260
Francesco Negro
24 Drug therapy for NASH: insulin-sensitizing agents (metformin and
thiazolidinediones), 271
Mohammad S. Siddiqui and Arun J. Sanyal
25 Hepatoprotectants against fatty liver disease: antioxidants, ursodeoxycholic acid,
and herbal medicines, 284
Anne Catherine Bürgi and Jean-François Dufour
26 Lipid modifiers and NASH: statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, and other agents, 293
Giovanni Musso, Federica Molinaro, Elena Paschetta, Roberto Gambino,
and Maurizio Cassader
Index, 308
Color plate section facing p86
List of Contributors
Leon A. Adams MBBS FRACP PhD Anne Catherine Bürgi MD
Associate Professor Professor
School of Medicine and Pharmacology Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine
University of Western Australia Inselspital;
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research
Nedlands, WA, Australia University of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Deepak Amarapurkar MD
Senior Consultant Nuala M. Byrne BHMS MAppSc PhD
Department of Gastroenterology Professor of Exercise Physiology and Energy Metabolism
Bombay Hospital & Medical Research Centre School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, and
Jagjivanram Hospital Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
Mumbai, India Queensland University of Technology
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Cristiana Andruccioli MD
Resident Maurizio Cassader PhD
Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics Professor
University of Bologna Department of Medical Sciences
Bologna, Italy University of Turin
Turin, Italy
Paul Angulo MD FACG AGAF
Professor of Medicine and Section Chief of Hepatology Henry Lik-Yuen Chan MD FRCP
Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Professor
University of Kentucky Medical Center Department of Medicine and Therapeutics
Lexington, KY, USA The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong, China
Quentin M. Anstee BSc MB BS PhD MRCP(UK)
Senior Lecturer & Honorary Consultant Hepatologist Shivakumar Chitturi MD MRCP(UK) FRACP
Institute of Cellular Medicine Senior Lecturer
Newcastle University; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit
Freeman Hospital Liver Unit The Canberra Hospital;
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Australian National University Medical School
Canberra, ACT, Australia
Elizabeth M. Brunt MD
Professor of Pathology and Immunology Helma Pinchemel Cotrim MD PhD
Department of Pathology and Immunology Associate Professor of Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine Gastro-Hepatology Unit
St. Louis, MO, USA Universidade Federal da Bahia
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Elisabetta Bugianesi MD PhD
Associate Professor of Gastroenterology Carla Daltro MD PhD
Department of Medical Sciences Professor of Scientific Methodology
Division of Gastro-Hepatology PPgMS – Universidade Federal da Bahia
San Giovanni Battista Hospital Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
University of Turin
Turin, Italy
vii
viii List of Contributors
Ann K. Daly BA PhD Ariel E. Feldstein MD
Professor of Pharmacogenetics Professor of Pediatrics
Institute of Cellular Medicine Chief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology
Newcastle University Hepatology and Nutrition
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK University of California, San Diego
San Diego, CA, USA
Srinivasan Dasarathy MD
Staff Physician James Frith MB ChB MRCP PhD
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Clinical Lecturer
Digestive Disease Institute; UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Ageing – Liver
Department of Pathobiology Theme & Institute for Ageing and Health
Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute; Newcastle University
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Case Western University
Cleveland, OH, USA Roberto Gambino PhD
Professor
Christopher P. Day MA (Cantab) PhD MD FRCP Department of Medical Sciences
FMedSci University of Turin
Pro-Vice Chancellor and Provost of Medical Sciences Turin, Italy
Faculty of Medical Sciences
Newcastle University Janine Graham BSc(Hons) MB CHb
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Physician
Northern Centre for Cancer Care
Silvia Di Domizio R. Diet. Freeman Hospital
Registered Dietitian Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics
University of Bologna Stephen A. Harrison MD FACP
Bologna, Italy Professor of Medicine
Uniformed Services University for the Health Sciences;
Jean-François Dufour MD Division of Gastroenterology
Professor Department of Medicine
Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center
Inselspital; San Antonio Military Medical Center
Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research Fort Sam Houston
University of Bern San Antonio, TX, USA
Bern, Switzerland
Ingrid J. Hickman BHSci(Nut & Diet)
Jian-Gao Fan MD AdvAPD PhD
Professor Principal Research Fellow
Department of Gastroenterology Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics
Xinhua Hospital Princess Alexandra Hospital;
Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine The Mater Medical Research Institute
Shanghai, China Mater Mother’s Hospital
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Geoffrey C. Farrell MD FRACP
Professor of Hepatic Medicine Yoshito Itoh MD PhD
Australian National University Medical School; Associate Professor of Internal Medicine
Senior Staff Hepatologist Department of Gastroenterology
The Canberra Hospital Faculty of Medicine
Canberra, ACT, Australia Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
Kyoto, Japan