Nomenclatural changes in the Acanthaceae and two new species of Odontonema from Venezuela and Guyana

4 Pages·1992·2.5 MB·

by  D C Wasshausen

Nomenclatural Changes in the Acanthaceae and Two New Species of
Odontonema from Venezuela and Guyana
Dieter C. Wasshausen
Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT. The recent completion of the Acan¬ lobo lobis ellipticis vel late oblongis, inferiore prope basim
trilobo lobis loborum superiorum similibus; staminibus vix
thaceae treatment for the Flora of the l enezuelan
exsertis.
Guayana has necessitated a new name in the genus
Staurogyne, a new combination in Anisacanthus, Plants fruticose, 1-1.5 m tall, the stems terete
and the recognition of two undescribed species of m older portions to subquadrangular in younger
Odontonema, based on relatively recent collections. portions, glabrate. Leaves petiolate, the petioles 10-
20 mm long, minutely and inconspicuously puber-
Staurogyne spraguei Wasshausen, norm nov. Re¬
ulous with appressed trichomes, the blades oblong-
placed name: Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard,
elliptic, 16-30 x 6.5-11 cm, acute to acuminate
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 31: 671. 1958. not at apex, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
S. leptocaulis Bremek. 1957. TYPE: Colom¬
petiole, thin, membranous, minutely and inconspic¬
bia. Meta: T. A. Sprague 27 (holotype, K).
uously puberulous on both surfaces especially along
Anisacanthus boliviensis (Nees) Wasshausen,
the midrib and lateral veins of the upper leaves, the
comb. nov. Basionym: Drejera boliviensis Nees
margins entire to crenate, the cystoliths minute and
in DC., Prodr. 1 1: 334. 1847. TYPE: Bolivia.
scattered on the upper surface, visible only under
Orbigny 786 (lectotype, designated here, G; a lens; inflorescence a loose, slender, terminal ra¬
isolectotype, GZU). [The syntypes, Otto 1006
ceme 10-22 cm long with 1 or 2 flowers per node,
(Venezuela) and Hostmann 1123 (Surinam),
the rachis puberulous, the pedicels 2-4 mm long,
are Anisacanthus secundus Leonard.]
minutely puberulous; the bracts subtending the ra¬
Schaueria caduciflora Griseb. in Symb. FI. Argent. 261. chis linear-lanceolate, the lowermost pair 5.5-9 x
1879. A. caduciflorus (Griseb.) Ariza in Bob Soc. 0.8 mm, the others successively reduced upwardly,
Argent. Bot. 22(1/4): 255. 1983. TYPE: Argen¬ the bracts subtending the pedicels narrowly trian¬
tina. Gran Chaco: Laguna del Palmar, Lorentz &
gular, 2 x 0.6 mm; bracteoles 2 per flower, nar¬
Hieronymus 554 (holotype, GOET).
rowly triangular, 1 x 0.5 mm, all minutely puber¬
Jacobinia caducifolia Griseb. in Symb. FI. Argent. 261.
1879. Anisacanthus caducifolius (Griseb.) Lindau ulous; calyx segments narrowly triangular, 2 x 0.8
in Bot. Jahr. 19, Beibl. 48: 18. 1894. TYPE: Ar¬ mm, acute, sparingly to moderately puberulous; co¬
gentina. Oran, Tabacal, Lorentz & Hieronymus 926 rolla red, narrowly urceolate, 15-25 mm long, 1-
(holotype, GOET).
2 mm wide at base, 3-4 mm wide at throat, glabrous
to inconspicuously glandular-puberulent without, pu-
Odontonema liesneri Wasshausen, sp. nov.
berulent within, the lips similar, the upper lip with
TYPE: Venezuela. Territorio Federal Amazo¬
elliptic to broadly oblong lobes, 3x2 mm, the lower
nas: Depto. Rio Negro, Cerro de La Neblina
lip with similar lobes 2.5-3 x 2 mm; stamens ex¬
Camp V, valley N base of Pico Cardona, 0°49'N,
tended to the edge of the corolla lips, the filaments
66°0'W, 1,250 m, 21-24 Mar. 1984, Ronald
glabrous, 12 mm long (heterostyly is known to occur
Liesner & Brian Stannard 16610 (holotype,
in many species of Odontonema; however, only one
US; isotype, MO). Figure 1A-F.
morph is currently known from this taxon), the
Frutex caulibus juvenilibus subquadrangularibus, gla- anthers 3.5 mm long; staminodes 1 mm long, gla¬
bris. Folium lamina oblonga vel elliptica, acuta vel acu¬ brous; pistil exserted, the stigma minutely hilobed,
minata, basi angustata et in petiolum decurrenti, mem-
the style 20 mm long, glabrous; ovary glabrous.
branacea, utrinque minute et parce puberula; petiolo parce
Capsule not seen.
puberulo. Racemi terminales, graciles, rhachi sicut ped-
icello puberula; bracteis lineari-lanceolatis; bracteolis an-
Distribution. Noted as locally common, but known
guste triangulatis, minute puberulis. Flos calycis segmentis
only from the type locality, Cerro Neblina in south¬
anguste triangularibus; corolla rubra, glabra vel minute
glanduloso-pubescenti, labiis subaequalibus, superiore bi- ern Venezuela.
Novon 2: 149-152. 1992.
150 Novon
Figure 1. A-F. Odontonema liesneri (Liesner & Stannard 16910). —A. Habit. — B. Bract, bracteole, pedicel,
and calyx. C. Calyx and juvenile corolla. —D. Corolla. —E. Corolla tube and stamens. —F. Bract, bracteoles,
pedicel, calyx, and juvenile corolla.
Odontonema liesneri resembles O. fuchsioides cm, the corollas are 15-25 x 3-4 mm at the throat,
(Nees) Kuntze from the coastal regions of northern and the calyx segments are 2 X 0.8 mm.
Colombia. However, in O. fuchsioides the leaf blades
are rather firm, 9-12.5 X 2-6 cm, the corollas are Odontonema mazarunensis Wasshausen, sp.
25-30 x 5-6 mm at the throat, and the calyx nov. TYPE: Guyana. Upper Mazaruni River
segments are 5x1 rnm. In contrast, (). liesneri region, Karowtipu Mountains, 5°45'N,
has leaf blades that are thin and 16-30 X 6.5 -1 1 60°35'W, ca. 460 m, 26 Apr. 1987, Brian
Volume 2, Number 2 Wasshausen 151
1992 Changes and New Species in Acanthaceae
Figure 2. A-D. Odontonema mazarunensis (Boom & Gopaul 7748). —A. Habit. —B. Bract subtending the
rachis. —C. Bracteoles, pedicel, and calyx. —D. Corolla, stamens, and pistil.
152 Novon
Boom & Doorjoohan Gopaul 7748 (holotype, mm, glandular-puberulous; corolla red, glandular-
NY). Figure 2A-I). puberulent without, glabrous within, tubular, 40-50
mm long, the tube 3 mm wide at the base, 6.5-7
Suffrutex caulibus juvenilibus subquadrangularibus,
mm wide at the throat, the upper lip with elliptic-
glabris. Folium lamina elliptica vel lanceolata, acuminata,
basi angustata, firma, utrinque glabra vel in costa et venis ovate lobes 5x3 mm, the lower lip with elliptic-
lateralibus parce hirtella; petiolo brevi, glabro. Racemi ovate lobes 6x4 mm; stamens exceeding the
terminales, breves, rhachi sicut pedicello rubra, puberula; corolla lobes by 5 mm, the filaments pinkish, 27
bracteis rubris, lineari-lanceolatis, pilosis; bracteolis sub-
mm long, pubescent basally, tbe anthers red, 2.5
ulatis, minute pilosis. Flos calycis segmentis rubris, an-
guste lanceolatis, glanduloso-puberulis; corolla rubra, tub- mm long; staminodes 2 mm long, retrorsely puber¬
ulosa, glanduloso-pubescenti, labiis subaequalibus, superiore ulous, apically capitate with a rudimentary anther;
bilobo, lobis ellipticis vel ovatis, inferiore prope basim pistil exserted, the stigma minutely bilobed, glabrous,
trilobo lobis loborum superiorum simiiibus; staminibus
the style 45 mm long (heterostyly is known to occur
exsertis, filarnentis subroseis, antheris rubris.
in many species of Odontonema; however, only one
Shrub 1 m tall, the stems terete in older portions morph is currently known from this taxon), sparsely
to subquadrangular in younger portions, glabrate. pilose; ovary glabrous. Capsule not seen.
Leaves short-petiolate, the petiole (unwinged por¬
Distribution. Humid forest at the base of moun¬
tion) 5 mm long, glabrous, the blades elliptic-lan¬
tain. Known only from the Karowtipu Mountains,
ceolate, 23-24 x 6.2-8.2 cm, acuminate at apex,
Guyana.
narrowed at base, entire or slightly crenulate, firm,
Odontonema mazarunensis is perhaps most
glabrous above, glabrous below except for the costa
closely related to the lowland Venezuelan species O.
and lateral veins (6-8 pairs), these sparingly hir-
album V. M. Baum, which differs markedly by hav¬
tellous, the trichomes appressed. Inflorescence a
ing a white corolla to 30 mm long, bracts subtending
short terminal raceme 3 cm long with 2 flowers per
the pedicels lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm long, and the
node, the rachis red, puberulous, the pedicel red,
stamens extended to the edge of the corolla lobes.
4.5-6 mm long, glandular-puberulous; bracts sub¬
In contrast, 0. mazarunensis has a red corolla 40-
tending the rachis red, linear-lanceolate, the low¬
50 mm long, bracts subtending the pedicels red,
ermost pair 14 X 1 mm, pilose, the bracts sub¬
linear, 12 mm long, and the stamens exceeding the
tending the pedicel red, linear, 12 x 0.5 mm,
corolla lobes by 5 mm.
glandular-puberulous; bracteoles subulate, 3 x 0.3
mm, minutely and inconspicuously pilose; calyx seg¬ Acknowledgment. My special thanks to Alice
ments reddish, narrowly lanceolate, 6.5-7.5 x 1 Tangerini for the skillfully prepared line drawings.