Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Culture PDF
Preview Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Culture
NOMADSO F THEP RESENT SOCIAMLO VEMENTS ANDI NDIVIDNUEAELD ISN CONTEMPORASROYC IETY AlbeMretlou cci EdibtyJe odh Kne aannePd a ul Mier HUTCHINSROAND IUS Ani mproifCn etn tHuuryt chLitnds on Ani mproifCn etn tHuurtyc hLitnds on 62-C6h5a nPdloasLc oen,d on 4WNCW2 N CentHuuryt chAiunsstoPrntyaL ltida POB o4x9 166,- C2h2u rScthr Heaewtt,h orn, Vict3o1r2Ai2ua,s tralia CentHuuryt chNienwZs eoanl Latndd POB o4x0 -0G8l6e,n field, Auckland 10 NewZ ealand CentHuuryt chSionusAtofhnr ( iP ctya) Ltd POB o3x3 7B,e rg2v0l1Se2oi,u A tfrhi ca Firpsutb lbiysH huetdc hRiands1io9un8s 9 © AlbeMretlou cci BriLtiisbhrC aartya lionPg uubilnigDc aattai on MeluAclcbie,1r 9t4o3,- Nomaodfts h per es:se oncti al movemaennidtn sd ivniedeiudnas l contemspoocriaeryt y. lS o.c mioavle ments IT.i tle 303.4'84 ISB0N- 09-172916-5 ISBN 0-09-P1b7k2 872-X Seitnl l/E1h2rphRtao rmdatn ByH opSee rvAibciensgO,dx oonn, Prinatnbedod u inGndr eBarti btya in AnchPorersL st Tdi,p t&resee,x Contents EditPorresfa'c e 1 Introduction 11 Par1tT: o waarT dhse oryC oolfl eAccttiiovne 1C ollaeccttaiic ovonen: s trvuicetwi vist 17 2M ovemaemsne tsss ages 38 3N etwoomfre kasn ing 58 4C halloentn hvgeoe isd 81 ParIIt:C omplSeoxc iaentEdiv eesry dLaiyf e 5S igonefsv erlyidfaey 103 6T hceu lotifun rdei nveieddusa l 119 7R eprodeurccotosim,om nu,n ication 149 ParItlR le:t hiDnekmioncgr acy 8T hdee mocraotefiv zearltyiidfeoa ny 165 9N ewp erspoensc otcimivoaevlse maenin nttse:rv 1i8ew0 ParIVt:A ppendix 10C ollaeccttaiiasrov enes eparrocbhl em 235 Bibliography 262 Index 281 V EditPorresf'a ce Durithnegp asfted we cathdeershe,a bse eanr emarkable groowftn hefo wr mosfc ollaeccttisivuoecan hs,th eb laacnkd cirviiglch atmsp asitgundasen,ynd ot u mtho vements, feminism antdh pee aacneed c olmoogyv emIennw tess.tE eurnr oapned NorAthm erthiecsase,oc imaolv emdernattwsh e siurp pionr t novwealyfr so ma crcolsaassn rsde gional Tbhoeauyln sdoa ries. plaach ei gh valgurea ssu-iprnoofnoo atrnsm'd,ah li dden' formso fo rganiaznadtti hoency,o nseqtueenntdtob l ey suspiocfbi uosuison regsasn itrzaadtuein oihnoisne, r archies, poliptiacratialen ssd t abtuer eaucSriantcchieede yes v.e lop laroguetlsayin 'ddue n derntehaedtsohem' i niannstti toufti ons cisvoicli aentytd h set astoec,mi oavle mreanitissme p ortant quesatiboontushtd e i striabnuldtie ogni tiomfma acro-power cy relaBtiuottnh sed.yo m ore than this. Social movements also publgirciiezveaa nnudcn ecse rtaabioneutvtie erylsdi aafeys, wealscl h althleel negvseis s piobwlreeer l aticorynssthailplsi zed ini tss hacroendv eanntisdoe nnsos fne o rm.a l cy Considienrtaebllilene tceitrnutea hsoletr igipnast,to efrn s develoapnsmdoe cnito -epffoelociftt sis mcooacvlie amlhe anst s quifoclkllyo thweeigrdro wthA.l beMretloui ctsco idr aeyc ognized inE uroapnNedo rth Aamsea rimcotanh gfe or emroesste archers inth ifise ldde s-pthiefa tcetht a utn,t thiivslo lusmuer,p risingly feowfh iwsr itoinsn ogcsmi oavle mheanvbtees ea nv aiilna ble English. Nomadso tfh Per eisasenh ti gohrliyga itntaetlmop p rto vai de nefrwa mewfooarrnk a lsyosciminoagvl e miecnno tnst emporary or' compwleesxts'eo rnc iMeetliuecascr.ig 'usma erbnert osa d rangiinsn cgo paen,dt hebyl etnodg eetmhpeirr aincda l I NOMADSO FT HEP RESENT theorpeetircsapleT chttiehv eeosr.ae ptipcrhaoelda ecfehn idss illuswtriaethtm epdie rxiacmapmlla enosyfw, h iacrhde r awn fromfi erleds ecaorncdhui cMnti eldba ynM oel uacnhcdiic s o reseaDricffheetyrrpesen.ost fc ontemmpoovreamry-eo nft s urban eycooultowhgo,im setns ,a n-adr deoe tshcerrisb ed and analtyhsreee dl;a tbieotnwstehheiemnpso ev emaenntdth se i.a\tituatinodni sn divniedeuodafscl o mpsloecxi iesti es c:-6:amined;-ana·-ilie-kpeeycmuteltoti hhaeor d ological�pfootems fieolfds ocmioavle mreenstesaa rerexpc lh oirnfre edsw ha ys. Thcee nttrhaelom fteh biosoc ko nctehrnnese etdro e think fundametnhtceao lnlvye nstioocsnicaaille ncr'ee·lilUifeft!i,: Ts� \ \..... sopa�. eu cnco1- o reJeece tsa rnliyn eteenth centmueryt aphiymsaoigefcs oaclmi oavle maeshn etrsoo re s vilalcitiaonnuagsts crointp hstet aoghfeu man Hheia sltsoory . questhtieoa nsss umopfttih oontsswe e ntietha-pcpernotauryc hes, influbeyMn acrexidts hmFe,r eutrdaidainat nitdoh ne oorfi es depriwv�aJ!.ti.� o.nn.m, . b.e�.i� !ltitezh.rQee .jb e cticvaeu osfe s. collaecc.tjtiv-oetn hs etr ucctounrtraald ainccd.r tiioostfneh sse � al� J�-m_o r·.i�s - -bje�c��ti-�v-��s��ins., a�ti s!h,e psycnomloobgviaacttia1ol0- n-sp roefmfe drmednuwcahelissc h leatdh etmob antdo geatsah s eorc mioavle mMeenltu.c ci argtuheeasat c ohft hensien etaenetdnw tehn-tieth-century perspweacfostiuv nedsue pdot nhq eu estioansasbulmep tions thmaotv emaernaept esrs onannatdgh ceao,tl laecctitiiovasne unifieemdp ireinctiawtylh, o dseee pseirg nicfiacbnae n ce unravbeyil tolsbe sde rvers. Tradiatsisounmaopltft h ikioisncn sod n titngour epi rpe sent dadyi scuasbsoisuootnc msio avle mMeanntoysb .s earvreer s stiilnlc ltiosn peedaa bko muotv emaesni tfts h ehya ad persoonfta hleoiiwtyrn w ,h icloen sidoeftr haetioiorrni sg ins contitnoeu mep haesiitzthehei ern stitpurtioocneaasnlsd e s 'integreensetrbsay''t tehdse y stoertm h'pe s ychological prefeorfet nhcepeiasrr ticiMpealnuatcrscg.itu hetasht e se traditaisosnuamlap rtineool n osn pglearu isnpi abbrletec ,a use thceo nflaiccttaosnr,fods r mosfa ctiioncn o mpsloecxi eties havbee cohmiegm holbyai nlddei fferentiaaltpseoodi .n tsH e outth maotrr ee caennatlo ycfso elsla ecctithoianvav ete t empted ttraon sctheenr de cesivoecdi oalnopdgis cyaclh otraldoigiticoanls ofa nalsyosciminoagvl e ments. Meludcecvio ptaersti cautltaernt otit ohnr tyepee osf 2 PREFACE interprwehtiahctahivd oeon m intahfiteee loddf s ocmioavle menrtess esairntcchheee a r1l9y7S 0tsr.u catpuprrao-la ches Habertmhaesoo'ftrs hy ce o lonoifzt ahlteji foen-i wsao nr ld exam-pdlreau wp oafon r mo fs ystemsa naadnt atrliybsuitse, then efowr mosfc ollaecctttiioiov nnes titcuhtiaonniganel s post-inodrlu ascttaerp iiatBlau litin ss omd o.i Mnegl,u cci argutehses,st er ucatpuprraoolan celh_yexp s_l waaµ.inynnd_ o t homwo vemaerfonert msea dnm da intRaeisnoemudor.bc iel iza tioanp pro-aecvhiedisenth n ewt o rokfM cCarZthayla,dn d othAemre riscoacni o-laotgtiesmtfipsltht li gsta oTp h.e se theorieexpsl tahigreno watnhdd e veloospfmo ecmniotav le ments bye mphasthiefuz nidnagm einmtpaolr otfap nrcee- existing organizaanttdih aoevn asi loafrb eisloisutyur ccahesm s o ney, profeesxpseiroatnniardsle e c runietmtewniotncr iksvsoi cli ety. Meluacccciet phtiisns s ibguhhtet c ,l aniemvse rtthhaetl ess resource mobilsiuzffafretorim oa nno pappopsriotaec hes problTehmet.ye ntdoe xplahionwb ,u nto wth ys ocial movementasn ddee mveeTrlhgoaieptsr . ,e somuorbciel ization approvaiccehowel sl aeccttaii'sovd neaw thaii'cms he rg4'ilvye n, therienbayd eqeuxaatmeithlnemyi e nagn ainnwdgi sd seorc ial repercoufasm soivoenmasec ntitFo'insn. ap lollyie,tix ccahla nge theodreiveesl,bo yPp iezdz aonmodot heirnst,ec rpornet temposroacmryio avle mmeanitinsnpl oyl itteircPmoasll.i tical exchtahnegoeer mipshtathsse iiezrffie c a(oc rly a cicike fficacy) omfo vemweinttthship eno listyiscMtaeellm u.dc ocneiosd t e ny thpiosi Inntd.e heerd e,c ogntihzmaeotsv emaeffnettcsht e polistyisctiaenvlm a riwoauyfossr ,i nstbainncset igating y. institauntipdoo nlraielcyfo ramnsbd,yp rovaip doioonfnlge w polietilciBatuleht sea . r gtuhepasot l ietxicchaaaplnp greo aches undertshntaeot ne- paolsiptoeifscc otacsli al mMoovveements. menntosot n loyp ermaatiein nlt yhp er e-potleirotrfia cianl everyldiatfyhe ae;ly rs eom iunstd h iants titpuotliihotiancsas l itsl imtihtsta,ht e arrceee rstoacipinra olb alneddmi sl emmas whiacrhie r redtuocn iebgloet idaetciiosni,oa nn-dm aking adminicsotnrtartoilv.e Melucccrii'tosift q huerese eca epnptr oiaiscn hfoersm :a tive anrde fresIhtai lnfosgro.m tsh bea soifhs i osw nc reative accoouhfno atwn wdh cyo mpalndedix v erseo riganizastisouness , anadc tco�rtsa lalsci ozel leaccttiiovne. M elAmuocncgi 's cprincaipraglu mit�sh saotc mioavle mmeunsbtstec onsidered . ·-.,.,.�.- -·· - ... "···-�-· �. 3 NOMADSO FT HE PRESENT rilw'""aCf>ysu{bu y's'oscciooanlcias t.::lruct ior,s. afrsa gainlhdee terogeneousC ollaecctitiovne is ictoarriscl,th: uwtisante etdobs e explaiinnc eodn ctreertimehss o mwo vemfoernmtt,sh i ast, hotwh meayn atgome o biilnidzieva ingddru oawulipsts th hien framewoopfr oks siabnicdlo intisetrpsar ienstteshn etbmeyt d h e institoufoti uocrno sm plex Csoolclieaecctititimevousensb. te Iu nderisntt eoroomtfdsh p er octhersosuewgshh ii cnhd ividuals communniecgaotptiera,ot demu,ec aen inmgaskd eea cnids ions witahp ianr tiscouclfiiaearoll rde nviroCnomlelnaetcc.tti ovres nevaecirtna v oiTdh.ee ys tarbelliaswtihio otnthsh a ecrt ors withainan l resatrduyc tcuornetdae nxdtt h,r otuhgehs e intertahceptiyro ondsmu ecaen ienxgpsrt,eh sensie rea dnsd consttraanntslfotyrh mer ierl atioBnysm heiaopnfsst . h ese multainpddli ev eprrsoec- ewshsieacsrhw e e illll usbtyr ated .M eluocwcenim 'psi ricaolnm orveesmneeeantrtwci ohthnr e k s Milaanr-oea ac tcoornss wtrhuaMctet l uccacalicl osl lective idenatim tyo:v adbelfien iotifynto hne msaenltdvh eessio rc ial woralm do,ro erl esshsa arneddd a miucn dersotfta hned ing ·go alosft heaicrtia oswne alstlh seo cfiieaollpfd o ssiabnidl ities ·i miwtistw hhiinthc ehia rc titoankp elsa ce. Melucecmip'hsau spiotsnh .. se., elf�porfso odcuicatilo n movemiesnp tesr ceapntiidvm ep oratnaidnt pt r,o vai des framewfoorur nkd erswthaydnu,dr itinhnpgega f setdw e cades, nefowr mosfa ctihoanev mee rignae rdep arsev iuonutsoluyc hed bys occioanlf Alciccotrstd.oMi enlgu ccocnifl,di ecvteisln o p thosaer eoafcs o mplexw hseytrshetei ergsmer s e aptreessts ure onc itizteocn osn fotrmo i nstiwthuitpcirhoo ndsau ncde circiunlfoartmeaa ntisdoy nm bcooldiCecos m.p sloecxi eties, in conttrota hsetli arnt ien eteenitnhd-ucscetanrptiiuatrlay l ist predecaerssesy osrtisenw,m h sit chhpe r oduocfmt aitoenr ial goods depenudpso tnhip enr cordeuoacfssti iiongangnn lsdy socriealla Ttiholenfao scic .t oarynt dh set aetxee caurtinevo e lontgheeerx clusoifpv oew Reerl.a otifpo onwsbe erc ome morhee teroagneldne e'sonsua skT ehdeb'ye. c o'msea turated' witdhe libeprraotdeuslcymyeb do cloidceA sn.ds ociety's capatcooi rtyga nliizafene td >o promdeuacnei fonrig tss membeexprasn frdosmt hfaec taonrygd o vernmoeffinctte o thoasree wahsi focrhm eerslcya cpoendtr froolmsa bove. Emotiornealla tionshihpesa,al ntedshv e ebxniu raatnlhdi ty, deaatrsheu bjteonc tefoewrd m osfa dminirsetrgautliavtieo n. 4 PREFACE Thetsree nMdesl,ua crcgius etism,ut lhagetr eo wofts ho cial movemaenntdth she,ey el xppl wahicyno mpsloecxi entoite s11re ·' ircoangoe fusn free(dWoemb'ae nrad)l w,sh ocy o ntemporary confcloincctesmn otrraaetn medo roenq uesctioonncse rning j indiviiddeundatieltym ,o carnatdch yre e latiboentswheiepn socaineidtytn sa teunrvailr onment. Thetshee meevsi dbeenuatprlo ryne ctehneto rdeetibcaatle s concewrnhiaint'sg n eawb'op urte sesnotc-midoaavlye ments. Dop resemnotv-edmaseyin gttnhspae el r madneecnolttfi hn ee workmeorvse'mA ernteth i?en yd iocfma atjotraornrss formations opfo wiecnro unsturcaihste hsUe n iStteadBt reist,a in and the FedeRreapluo bfGl eircm aAnrtyeo? d maoyv'esm aecnttusa lly neawn idf, iswnoh ,as te nTsheib?so ohkam su cthso a ayb out theqsuee stWihoiMnlesel. u icuscn ic omfwoirttthhate be le 'neswo cmioavle mehnept asr'ct,os m pwaintmyho sotfilt her contemcpoomrmaeryn btysa pteocrisafy tlie nafogsu utrn ique featouftro edsma oyv'esm ents. Firusntl,ti hkeeni irn eteenctohu-ncteencrtopunaryr ts, temposroacmryio avle maernnetop tsr eocwciustpthir eudg gles ov.ettph reo duacntddii osnt roifbm uatitoegnro ioaadlns d resouTrhceceyhs a.l tlheaend gmei nilsotgorifcac oti mvpel [e x systpermismo ansr yimlbygo rloiucTn2 ddasym.'o sv� etmasr e morceo ncewrniettdhh .w e a yisnw hiccho mpsloecxi eties geneirnafotrem aatnidco onm munmiecaantiteno tg hse ir memberTsh�.e imsp hoasnti hsce e ntrrooalflei nformation extefrnodmds e mafonrtd hsre i gochfit ti zaecnctse'o'sfa sc tual informa(tsiuaocsmnh i' s tseislptieln agan nstd h eex toe nt ecolodgaimcacagaleu bsyei dn dussptirtliodla eslb) ao tveesr symbroelsiocu sruccaehsst ,hc eh alloeftn hgweeo me-n--:;-is _. movemteosn etxa idsvte rtising. Secotnhcdep, n stiotrugeanntio zfta otdimaooynv'ses m ents constihdeemrs m�olrv_eet shi an.snt rufomrea ntttaali ning ����a nSdQC Wg oaAlcst.po arrsti'c wiiptamhtioiovnne miesn ts nolo ngear m eantsoa ne ndD.r awuipnogMn a rshall McLuhMaenl,ui cfID!ceti�h a.yt�tfryhQ_er omtfsh m eo vem-ents malaiig _thpeaitrt oefrnsi �n te!}!erresfaounoanlas nfiiapclse cision: 1 meclia-noipsemrsaas at' es iognr'' em ss'fua rgeth e- esotsf o c1Ihe eo� r ganioztfah wteoi moenmnso' vse mfoern t, instanncoeot,n rlayii smep oqruteasntti ons aanbdo ut equality rigThhteasyl. as ttoh ,se a mtei mdee,l ibseirgtantotah erlele ys t 5 NOMADSO FT HEP RESENT ofs ocitehityem porotfar necceo gdniiffzeirnwegin tcheisn compsloecxi Peatiretisc.iw piatmtihooivnne miecsno tnss idered �_goi�tJsnbe elcfap uasrea,d oaxcitcsoaerllslf y-,c onsciously _praicntti hspeer estehfunett u sroec cihaaln tgheessye ek. Colleacctitavorer'e sn omoafthd esp resTehnetay'r n.eo londgreirbv yae nna ll-emvbirsaoicfsoi onnmfu get uorred er. Thefoyc uosn ptrhees aenncdto ,n seqthueeignrot aallryse tempoarnrader pyl aacnetdah beolirerg, a nimzeaatanirsoe n al valausee nddi snt hemselves. Thirpdr,e sensto-cmdioaavyle maelnrsteosol nya n ew relatiboentswhteihlepean t aennvdti sdiibmleen osfthi eoinrs colleacctitivoSeno .c.m i oa�le mneonrtmsca olnls-yih setre Meluwcocriiak'sit s t mso sotr ig-oif'n ianlv niestiwboolfre k's smaglrlo ups siuneb vmeeryrldgiaeThfydee s.'e s ubmerged' network·fos rth, e isnrtro etosenisd n divniedecudoasll,l ective � � idenatinptyda rtm-etimmbee rcsohnisptith,tel u atbeo ratories whincehew xp reienacrieens v eWnitthetidhn.e isnev isible aboramtoovreimeqesun,et ssati nocdnh althleed nogmei nant codoefes v eryldiaTfeyh. e lsaeb oraartpeol raiicnewe shs i ch theel emoefen vtesr lyiadframeeyi xdeedv,e laontpdee sdat ed, siitwneh irceha ilgsii tyvn eennwa maenscd i tizceanns develop .al ternaexptievrei oeftin mcese,ps a acned _intreemelrastioonnasl. 'oMre iutlicecriieas c omplementthaersi�etyp rbievtawge en submenregtewdoa rnkdts h epiurb lviicsliyb le dimension. Movemaepnptesra erl aitnifrveeqluayes pn utbllvyii csliyb le henom-efonrai nstdaunrcpieun,bg dl eimco nstriant ions favooufra borotirao gna innusctlp eoaw-rea rn yde thte ir involvienom besnetrvp aoblliaetc iticioasoni n ltye mporary. Movemeanrtoesn lpya rt-ptairmtiec iipntha enp tusb lic domapirne,c biesceatluhysp eery a cntiesfower mosfe veryday ·1, life. Finaclolnyt,e mmpoovreamraeyrna etc su taewlaoyrfth e e planetaroylf i dificnemo emnpslieoxn soecmipehtiaessi.s Their .u potnhi en terdeoptfeh nwedo ersnlycdse ht eelmsp tism ual ate necwo nscioofou usrnseaessmls ev mebsoe farh su msapne cies ·w hiicssh i tuianat n eadt uernavli roMnemleunpctlc.ai c es consideemrpahobanlst eihp see aacneed c olmoogviecmaeln ts, precbiescealtuyhs eaeyr tee statmoeth nefrt asg ialned ..DQ!�n..tis-adellely.f struccotin�n ebcettiwohenuesmn a annidty thew iduenri vTehresmseoe.v empeunbtlsti hcfaeic ztteh at 6
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