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448 Pages·2015·14.05 MB·English

~utrition Monitoring in the
United States
An Update Report on Nutrition
Monitoring
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Public Health Service Food and Consumer Services
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This report, Nutrition/Honitoring in the United States: An Update Report
on Nutrition Monitoring, is the product of an extramural independent effort
performed under a contract with the Life Sciences Research Office of the
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (LSRO) at the
request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services. The report was prepared by LSRO staff members
in consultation with experts from nutrition, health, and related disciplines.
The two departments jointly developed the scope of the contract and
provided contract funds. They also provided background documents and
data tabulations as requested by LSRO and the expert consultants.
Although printed and distributed as part of a series of reports from the
National Nutrition Monitoring System, the interpretations contained in this
report do not necessarily express the views or policies of the United States
Government and its constituent agencies.
Copyright Information
llA material appearing ni this report is ni the public domain and may be
reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is
appreciated.
Suggested Citation
Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for
Experimental Biology: Nutrition Monitoring in the United States -- An
Update Report on Nutrition Monitoring. Prepared for the U.S. Department
of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 89-1255. Public Health Service. Washington.
U.S. Government Printing Office. September 1989.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number
89-14529
For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington. D.C. 20402
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Nutrition Monitoring ,ni the
United States
An Update Report on ~noitirtuN
Monitoring
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Prepared by Life Sciences Research Office " r,,
Federation of American Societies for Experiment~ ! Biology
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUETURE
Food and Consumer Services '
Hyattsviile, Maryland
September 1989
DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 89-1255

Foreword
This report reviews the dietary and lanoitirtun the of status U.S. as population, well the as srotcaf that
determine ,sutats based on the data and information elbaliava through the noitirtun monitoring seitivitca
conducted by the U.S. Departments Agriculture of (USDA) and Health and Human Services (DHHS). This
report si report second the on Nutrition National the Monitoring System (NNMS) and builds on the framework
of the first report, Nutrition Monitoring in the United States--A Progress Report from the Joint Nutrition
Monitoring Evaluation Committee, submitted in 1986. Its release follows closely the publication of The Surgeon
General's Report on Diet and Health and the report of the National Academy of Sciences, Diet and Health:
Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk, but its focus is on the monitoring of dietary and nutritional
status related to health, rather than the broader perspectives on diet, nutrition, and health encompassed in the
other reports.
This report was developed ta the request of DHHS and USDA ni accordance with the snoisivorp a of tnioj
,tcartnoc No. DHHS 282-87-0051, with the Federation of American seiteicoS rof Experimental Biology
(FASEB). The report was prepared by the s'noitaredeF Sciences Life Research eciffO (LSRO). tI was edited by
Susan M. ,hcliP Staff Senior Ph.D., ,tsitneicS LSRO, FASEB, and was based on noissucsid ,fo and slairetam
drafted ,yb the ad hoc Expert Panel on Nutrition Monitoring (EPONM). stsitneicS detceles by FASEB sa
members the of Panel were chosen rof rieht ,snoitacifilauq ,ecneirepxe and judgmenwti,t h due noitaredisnoc
rof balance and breadth ni appropriate .senilpicsid Members the of EPONM and the LSRO ffats and
stnatlusnoc who detapicitrap ni the tcejorp are detsil below:
EXPERT PANEL ON NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING
Milton .Z Nichaman, M.D., .cS.D
Department Nutrition of and Epidemiology
ytisrevinU of Texas Public of School Health
Houston, Texas 77225
Chairperson
.C Wayne Callaway, M.D. Ronald N. ,refohtroF Ph.D.
2112 F Street, N.W. Department of Biometry
Washington, D.C. 20037 ytisrevinU of Texas Public of School Health
Texas Houston, 77225
Oral Capps, ,.rJ Ph.D. Mildred Kaufman, M.S.
Department of larutlucirgA Economics Department of noitirtuN
Texas A&M University Public of School Health
egelloC ,noitatS Texas 77843-2124 ytisrevinU of North Carolina
Chapel ,lliH North Carolina 27599-7405
Ph.D. Cowell, Catherine Ph.D. Ross, Catharine A.
Bureau of noitirtuN noisiviD of noitirtuN
New York City Department of Health Pennsylvania of College Medical
New York, New York 10013 ,aihpledalihP Pennsylvania 19129
Peter .R Dallman, M.D. Howard Ph.D. Schutz, G.
Department of scirtaideP Consumer Science Department
of University ainrofilaC ytisrevinU of ainrofilaC
San ainrofilaC ,ocsicnarF 94143 ainrofilaC ,sivaD 95616
111 ,°,
CONSULTANTS
Clement Finch, A. M.D. Ph.D. Harrison, Gail
Consultant ytisrevinU of Arizona
,elttaeS Washington Tucson, Arizona
Helen A. Ph.D. Guthrie, Stanley Johnson, Ph.D.
Pennsylvania University State Iowa State University
Pennsylvania Park, University Ames, Iowa
Jean-Pierre Ph.D., M.D., Habicht, M.P.H. Frederic ~I ,itneS Ph.D.
University Cornell Consultant
,acahtI New York ,notgnilrA ainigriV
Theodore .B Van ,eillatI M.D.
Columbia University
.tS Hospital Luke's-Roosevelt Center
New York, New York
LIllE SCIRNCES RESEARCH OFFICE STAFF
Sue Ann Anderson, Ph.D., R.D. J. Elaine Huey
Senior Staff Scientist Technical Literature Specialist
Barbara .L Durant Judith F. Miller
Grants and Technical Contracts tnatsissA Administrative Assistant
Kenneth D. ,rehsiF Ph.D. Susan M. ,hcliP Ph.D.
rotceriD Senior ffatS tsitneicS
Betty Fraley Rosemarie .V Soulen
yraterceS Secretary Administrative
Gasiewicz Lisa John M. ,toblaT M.D.
Technical erutaretiL Clerk Consultant Medical Senior
.E Lee Guttman Martha A. Watt
Editor Technical Word Processor/System Manager
The lautcartnoc seitivitca were overseen and ecnatsissa was prodded ot the EPONM and LSRO by Joint the
tcejorP Steering Committee (JPSC), which detsisnoc of sevitatneserper from each the of Agencies the within
departments concerned with noitirtun monitoring (see tsil that .)swollof The cooperation and the ,luferac
suoitneicsnoc provided reviews by the JPSC were laitnesse ot the lufsseccus of completion siht .tcejorp
JOINT PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE
Catherine E. Woteki, Ph.D., R.D. Frances Cronin, Ph.D., R.D.
Division of Health Examination Statistics Human Nutrition Information Service
National Center for Health Statistics U.S. Department of Agriculture
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Project Officer and Chairperson USDA Liaison
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Melody 1 R.D. M.P.H., Bacha, Phillip Kott, Ph.D. 2
Foaondd Nutrition ecivreS National Agricultural Statistics Service
U.S. Department of erutlucirgA U.S. Department of Agriculture
,airdnaxelA Virginia 22032 Washington, D.C. 20250-2000
Gerald .F Combs, Ph.D. Linda .D Meyers, Ph.D.
larutlucirgA Research ecivreS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
U.S. Department of erutlucirgA Department of Health and Human Services
,ellivstleB Maryland 20705 Washington, D.C. 20201
Darla M.P.H., Danford, ,.cS.D R.D. Betty B. Peterkin, 3 B.S.
noisiviD Nutrition of Research Coordination Human Nutrition Information Service
National setutitsnI of Health U.S. Department of Agriculture
Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Hyattsville, Maryland 20872
aicirtaP M. Guenther, R.D. Ph.D., Frederick Trowbridge, M.D., M.Sc.
Human Information Nutrition ecivreS Centers for Health Promotion and Education
U.S. Department of erutlucirgA Centers for Disease Control
,ellivsttayH Maryland 20782 Atlanta, Georgia 30333
Gerry Ph.D. Hendershot, Susan O. Welsh, Ph.D., R.D.
noisiviD of Health Interview scitsitatS Human Nutrition Information Service
National Center rof Health scitsitatS U.S. Department of Agriculture
,ellivsttayH Maryland 20782 Hyattsville, Maryland 20872
htebazilE A. ,yelteY ,.D.hP R.D.
Center rof Food Safety and Nutrition Applied
Food and Drug ,noitartsinimdA HFF-265
Washington, D.C. 20204
laicepS appreciation si extended ot Marie .T Fanelli-Kuczmarski, Ph.D., National R.D., Center rof Health
,scitsitatS and Susan M. Krebs-Smith, Ph.D., ,.D.R U.S. Department of ,erutlucirgA rof rieht dedicated work ni
gnitanidrooc analyses data and supporting other seitivitca ni Agencies. the The EPONM and LSRO would osla
ekil ot thank following the Agency stsitneics who invaluable provided ecnatsissa ni information supplying on
NNMS ,syevrus performing data ,sesylana data the generating selbat included ni the ,secidneppa and reviewing
snoitces of tfard :stroper
.P Peter ,sitoisaB Ph.D. Katherine M. ,lagelF Ph.D.
.S.U Department of erutlucirgA National Center rof Health scitsitatS
Margaret D. ,llorraC M.S.P.H. Peter .J M.D., Gergen, M.P.H.
National Center rof Health scitsitatS National Center rof Health scitsitatS
aivilO Carter-Pokras Joseph Goldman, M£k.
National Center rof Health scitsitatS .S.U Department of erutlucirgA
Joseph .E ,idraiC Ph.D. Joe Fred Gonzalez, .rJ
National setutitsnI of Health National Center rof Health scitsitatS
Nancy Ernst, D. ,.S.M R.D. Brucy .C Gray, M.S.
National setutitsnI of Health U.S. Department of Agriculture
1 Served October 1987 to November 1988
2 Appointment began November 1988
3 Retired October 1987
James .T Heimbach, Ph.D. Matthew rajjaN
U.S. Department of erutlucirgA National Center rof Health scitsitatS
Stephen .P M.D., Heyse, M.P.H. Gregory Pappas, Ph.D. M.D.,
National setutitsnI of Health National Center rof Health scitsitatS
Van .S Hubbard, M.D., Ph.D. Betty .P ffolreP
National setutitsnI of Health U.S. Department of erutlucirgA
droffilC .L Johnson, M.S.P.H. Nancy Raper, ,.S.M R.D.
National Center rof Health scitsitatS .S.U Department of erutlucirgA
Robert .J Kuczmarski, ,.H.P.rD R.D. Robert .L ,keziR Ph.D.
National Center rof Health scitsitatS .S.U Department of erutlucirgA
enitsirhC .J R.D. Ph.D., Lewis, Laurie ,tdioR ,.S.M R.D.
Food and Drug Administration U.S. Department of erutlucirgA
Ephraim .Y Levin, M.D. Michael .L Rowland
National setutitsnI of Health National Center rof Health scitsitatS
Anne .C R.D. Ph.D., Looker, Christopher Sempos, Ph.D.
National Center rof Health scitsitatS National Center rof Health scitsitatS
Jennifer Madans, Ph.D. Zekin A. ,irihsahkahS ,.S.M M.D., M.P.H.
National Center rof Health scitsitatS National setutitsnI of Health
Ruth H. Matthews, M~A. Ann W. Ph.D. Sorenson,
U.S. Department of erutlucirgA National setutitsnI of Health
Margaret McDowell, R.D. M.P.H., M.S. Tuszynski, Carol
National Center rof Health scitsitatS U.S. Department of erutlucirgA
Alanna .J Moshfegh, ,.S.M R.D. Barbara A. Underwood, Ph.D.
U.S. Department of erutlucirgA National setutitsnI of Health
Robert .S Murphy, M.S.P.H. Faye Wong, R.D. M.P.H.,
National Center rof Health scitsitatS Centers rof Control Disease
Ray ,piY M.D.
Centers rof Control Disease
The Expert Panel met times eight between November 1987 and February 1989 ot obtain background -rofni
mation on the NNMS, ot of analyses review NNMS published data ni the erutaretil and prepared yllaicepse rof
siht ,troper and ot review stfard the of .troper The LSRO and the Expert Panel held an open meeting on
January ,02 1988 ot hear oral snoitatneserp of ,atad ,noitamrofni and views on the scipot detaler ot the NNMS.
At that time, one presentation was made by Mary Enig, Ph.D., Research ,etaicossA Maryland, of University
egelloC Park, MD. A tpircsnart the of open meeting si elbaliava from Ace Federal ,sretropeR 444 N. latipaC ,.tS
Washington, D.C. 20001. Written comments were also invited ni the Federal Register announcement of
November ,03 1987 25( FR 45504) and December ,81 1987 25( FR 48160), and a evitatnet eniltuo was made
ylcilbup elbaliava rof comment. Written comments were deviecer from the gniwollof persons and :snoitazinagro
Mary Ph.D., Enig, Joseph Sampugna, Ph.D., Frank .E McLaughlin, ,.D.J and Mark Keeney, Ph.D. ytisrevinU( of
Maryland); Elaine Blume (Center rof Science ni the Public ;)tseretnI George .L Blackburn, M.D., Ph.D.
(Harvard Medical ;)loohcS .J Edward Hunter, Ph.D., and Thomas H. Ph.D. Applewhite, etutitsnI( Shortening of
and Edible ,sliO ;)cnI Lawrence .J Machlin, Ph.D. (Roche Vitamin and Fine Chemicals); and aicirtaP .A
O'Malley (Hunger Network). Services The ,noitamrofni ,atad and views presented ta the open meeting and
deviecer ni writing were considered by the Panel ni reaching sti lanif .snoisulcnoc
iv
The EPONM reviewed each draft and the final report and provided additional documentation of conclusions
and viewpoints for incorporation into the report. Members of the JPSC and the Deputy Assistant Secretaries
for Food and Consumer Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and for Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion, Department of Health and Human Services, also reviewed final drafts of the report for technical
accuracy and satisfaction of the scope of work. The EPONM and the LSRO accept responsibility for the study
conclusions and the accuracy of the report; however, the listing of these individuals does not imply that
individual Panel members specifically endorse all statements in the report.
The final report was reviewed and approved by the LSRO Advisory Committee (which consists of representa-
tives of each constituent Society of FASEB) under authority delegated by the Executive Committee of the
Federation Board. Upon completion of these review procedures, the report was approved and transmitted to
DHHS and USDA by the Executive Director, FASEB.
Although this is a report of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, it does not
necessarily reflect the opinion oefa ch individual member of the FASEB constituent Societies.
;/ Y9
Kenneth D. Fisher, Ph.D.
Director
Life Sciences Research Office
vii