Table Of Content

NmapN etworSkc anning OfficNimaalpP r ojeGcuti dteoN etwrok Disovcreya ndSe cutrySi canngi n Gordon" Foydor"L yno Fromp orstc annbiansgifo crsn ovitcoet sh tey poefp ackcertat fing used by advanctehdi sh abbcyoNk omekar p'sas,u thaonrdm aintainer suiatlsll e velsse coufra intdny e tworpkrionefgs sioRnaatlhste.hr a n simply dowchuametev netNr mya po ption NdmoaepNs e,t work Scanndienmgo tnrsatheoswt hefseaet urceasnb ea ppltioes do lrveea l worltda sskusc ahsp enetrationt aktiennsegtt iwnoigrn,kv eonryt, detecrtoignuwgei reless acocroe psespn r pooxiiqneutsas,s hnientgw ork worma ndv irus outabnrde amkusc,h Emxoarmep.la ensdd iagrams shoawc tucaolm municoantti howeni rTeh.i bso oikse ssenfotri al anoynew ho neteogd est mtohseot u otf N mapp,a rticluysl eacrurity auditaonrdss y steomrns e twoardkm inaitsotrrs. NmaNpe twoSrcka ningn:O fficNimaaplP rojGeuictdt eoN etwork DicsovearnydS eucirtSyca nngi n byG ord"oFny odLoyro"n BooUkR Lh:t t/npm:pa/.gob!rookl ISBN-91783-0:- 7999857-1-7 ISB1N0-0:- 9 7897 9-517 - LibraorfyC onegsrCso ntNruomlb er (L20C C0N 4)08 : 5 29 8 LibarrOyf C ongrSeusjbse cHte adings: IC.o mpeurnt etworks-m-eSaeescsuu rrity 2.C ompusteecru rity PubslhiebdyI nescureL.LCCoF.mo i rn rfomatoinbo unlp ukr chsapseecssia,al rlei sg,bh otosdk,i suttroirbs, orta rnslaptlieocanossne,t adcitr eucst ly: InescureL.LCCo m 37A0l tWaaiy#r 1 13 SunnyvCaAl9 e4,0- 866161 UneidtS tates Emials:al @einsseec.ucroPmh;on +e1-:6 50-989F-a4x+2:l0- 66;5 0-290869 -4 RevisHiitosonr y: FirEsdti tDieocne:m 2b0e0r8 DecfoPnr el-ReeaAsueg:u2 s00t8 Zero-Day MRaey2l 0e0a8s e: Copyri2g0h0tb8y I nsecurLeL.CAC.lo rlmi grhetsse rEvxecdew.ph te re ontohteeridwn ti hswieos r k, © nop art bemr aeyp rodourtc rseamdni titnaen dy oforrb mya nmye anesl,e ctorrmo encihca niinccallu,d ing photyoicnorgpe,cd oirng, oirnr fombayt saitnooynro arrgt eer iseyvsatlwe imt,h opurtiw otrrih tept eernm ission of the coowpnyerr.i ght Nmaipas r egeirsettdr adeomflanrske curLeL.CCO.ot mhp erro daunccdto mpanym ennaotmnieehsdee rin mayb et hter ademoaftr hkersie rs peocwtnievWrehs e.rt eh ose desaippgeniaantrt h ibiooson aksn, td h e pubhleirs awwaasor feat radecmlaartikhm de,e signhaatvieo pnbrseti eenwndi tihn itialle tcotarep rist al ina lcla pitals. The auatnhpdou rbsslh iehrav tea kceanri ent h per eptairooaftn h bioso bku,mt a kneoe xpreosris mepdl ied warraonfat nyky i nadn ads sunmore e sspiobnifolrei rtryoo rros m issNiool nisa.bi isals istuyfom re d incidoercn otnasle qduaemneatsigi cna oln newcittoirhao rni souiotnf g utshoeef itfonhrem atoirpo rnro agms contahieenriend. TabloefC ontents Prfaece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x .x i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inrdtouct.i.o.n. ..........................................................................x...x...i... ...................... I. 2.I netndAeudd ieanncOdre g naiazti.o.n. ............................................................x..x...i.. ...... 3.C onevnti.o.n.s. .............................................................x.x.i.i. ...................................... 4.O thReers ou.r.c.es. .........................................................................x....x..i.i..i.. ........... .. 5.Re quefosrCt o mme.n.ts. ...............................................................x..x..i..v. .................... 6.A cknowmleend.tg.se ......................................................x..x.. .i..v.. ................................ 61.T.e hcnoglyUo setdoC reaTtheiB so o.k. ................x.x.v. .......................................... 7.TC P/RIeePf ren.c.e. .........................................................x..x..v..i. ................................ IG.e ttSitnagrw tietNdhm a .p.. ............................l. .................................................................... J.Ilnr.otu dction . . . 1 .................................................................................................. ........ 12..N maOpv ervaineDdwe mosntra..t..i....o....n... .........................................................l.... . 12.1.A.v atOanrl i.n.e. .........................l. ................................................................... 12..S2a. vitnhHgeu maRna ce . 8 ................................................................................. 12..M3a.d HianWt o nderland . .. 9 ................................................................................ 13..T hPe haseasnN moafp Scan .. 12 .................................................................................. 14..L egIasls ues . . 13 ......................................................................................................... 14..I1sU. n aurtihzPoeodrS tc annaCi rnigm e? . . 14 ......................................................... 14..C2a.Pn o rStc annCirnatsghh Te ar gCeot mptuert/wNkoesr.? ..19 ............................ ..... 14..N3m.a Cpo pyright . . .. ,2.0 ..................................................................................... 15.T.h Hes itoarnyFd u tourfNem ap . . . . . 20 ......................................................................... .. 2.O batiniCnomglp,igi ,nI nstaalnlRdie nmgo,vN imnagp 25 ............................................................ 2.I1n.t roduction . 25 .......................................................................................................... 21..T1es.t iWnhge tNhmeari pAs l eradIyn sdt al.le. ... 25 ................................................... 2..12C.o mmanda-nlGdir naep hIinctaelr faces .. . 25 ......................................................... 2..13D.ow nloaNdmianpg .. . 26 ................................................................................... 2..14V.er yiifntghIe ne tgroifNtmya Dpo wnloads . 26 ...................................................... 2..15O.b tnaiiNngm afpr otmh Seu vbers(iSoYnRN e)p ository 28 ...................................... 2.U2n.i Cxo mpilaantIdin osnt aflrloaSmto icuoerCn o de 29 ..................................................... 2.12C..o nfirgeDu ireecst iv .... 30 ................................................................................. 2.2I.Yf2o u.E ncoeurCn otmpilPartolibeomns . 32 ........................................................ .. 2.L3i.n Duixs tribu.tions . 33 ............................................................................................... 2.13R..P M-baDsiesdt ri(bRueHtdai tMoa,nn sd rSaUkSeEF,e, d ora) . .33 .......................... . 2.3U.p2d.a tRiendH ga Fte,d oMraanr,da kaen,Yd el olwD og LwiintYuhuxm 34 ................. 2.3D.e3b.i Lainn uxD earnidv astuicavhsUe bsu ntu .. . 35 ................................................ 2.3O.t4h.Le irn Duixs tribu.t.io.ns . 35 .......................................................................... 2.W4i.n dows 36 ............................................................................................................... 2.14W..i ndo2w0s00 Dependenci.es .. . . 37 ..................................................................... 2.4W.i2n.d oSwe-sli ftnasller . .. . 37 .............................................................................. 2.4C.o3m.m and-lBininaer iZeisp 37 ........................................................................... InstatlhNlemi anzpgi b pi rniaes 37 ...................................................................... 2.4C.o4m.p friolmeS ourcCeo de . .. . 38 ........................................................................ 2.4E.x5eu.ct iNnmga opn W indo.ws .. ... 39 ................... . ............................................... 2.S5u.Sn o laris . .. . . . 40 ...................................................................................................... 2.A6p. pMlaecO S X . . . . 41 ................................................................................................ 2..61E.xe uctaIbnlsetr alle . 41 ............................................................................... ....... 111 2.6C.o2m.p friolmeS ourCcoed. e. ....................................................4...1... ....... ......... CompNimlaefrp o ms ourccoed. e. ................................................4..1.. ....... ........ CompZielmnea pfr oms ourccoed e .42 ............................................................ ..... 2..63T.h di-rpaPratcyk a.g.e.s. .........................................................4....2... ............. ... 2.6E.x4ce.u tNimnagop n M acO S .X. ................................4.2. ................................... 2.F7er.e BSIOD p enBISN De tB.S.D. .....................................4..3.. ..................................... 27.1. O.p enBBSniDa rPya ckaagnSedos r ucPeo rItnss tructions 43 ..................................... 2.7F.er2e.B SBDi rnyaP ackaangde cSePo ourrItnss tru.c.t.i.o.n.s. ..........4..4.. ............... ... Instaolftl habeti inopanar cyk age . . 44 ................................................................... Instaulsliatnthgiseo o unrp coert trse e . 44 ............................................................. 2..73N.e tSBDB niarPya ckIangset ructions . 44 .............................................................. 2.A8m.i gHaP,- UX, aInROdIt XhP,el ra tforms 44 ................................................................. 2.9.m oRveiNnmga p .45 ............................................................................................... ..... 3.H osDti sco(vPeirSnycg a nning) 47 ........................................................................................... 3.I1nr.to udction 47 ........................................................................................................... 32..S peyciinTfagr gHeotsa tnsNd e twor.ks 47 ....................................................................... 3.12I..n pFurto Lmi (s-ti L) 48 ..................................................................................... 3.2C.h2o.o Tsareg eattRs a nd(o-m<i nRu tmargets>) 48 .................................................. 3.2E.x3c.l uTdarigne(gt- s- ex-c-leluxudcdee,<fi filleee n>a)m 48 ....................................... 3.2.4. EPxraamcptliecsa l . 49 ...................................................................................... 3.F3i.n dainOn rgga nizaItPAi dodnr'e.ss. s.e.s. .........................4..9.. ................................... .. 3.13D..N ST ricks 50 ................................................................................................. 3.3W.h2o.Qi use rAigeasi InPRs etg istries 54 ................................................................ 3.3I.tn3e.r Rnoeutt Iinnfogr ma.t.i.o.n. ...............................................5..5.. .................. 3..D4 NSR esolution 56 ..................................................................................................... 3.H5o.s ts cDoivCeornyt rols . 57 ......................................................................................... 3.15L..i Sscta (n- s.L.). ..........................................................5..7.. ............................ 3.5P.i2nS.gc a(n- s.P.). ....................................................5...8.. ................................ 3.5D.i3s.a ble P.i.n.g. .(.-.P.N.). ............................................5...9... ........................... 36..H osDti scoTvecehrnyi ques 60 ....................................................................................... 3.16T..C PS YNP in(g- PpSo<rlstit .>). ..........................................6..1. ........................ 3.6T.C2P. APCiKn( g-A P<polrsitt >) 62 ...................................................................... 3.6U.D3P.P in(g- PU<lpsiotr>t) . . 63 ........................................................................... 3.6I.C4M.PP i nTygp e(s- P-EP,Pa ,n- dP M) 64 .............................................................. 36..I5P. ProPtion(cPg-oO l< proltioscto>l) 64 ............................................................... 36..ARP6 . Sca(n- P.R.). ...........................................................6...4... ....................... 3.6D.e7af.u Clotm bin.a.t.i.o.n. .........................................6.6.. ................................... 3.P7u.t tIiAtn lTglog ethHeorsD:tis covSetrrya t.e.g.i.e.s.. ............................6..6. ................... 3..71R.e laOtpetdi ons 66 ............................................................................................ 37..C2h.o osainnCdgo mbiPniinnOggp ti.o.n.s. ..............................6...8... .................... TCPp roabnepd o rstel ection . 68 ......................................................................... UDPp orste lection 70 . ..................................................................................... . ICMpPr osbeel ection 70 .................................................................................... Desigtnhiiend gec aolm binoaftp rioobness 70 ....................................................... 3.H8o.s Dtis covCeordyAe l gorithms 72 ............................................................................... 4.P orStc annOivnergv .i.e.w. ......................................................................7..3.. ....................... 41.I.nr toudcttioPo onr Stc anning 73 .................................................................................... 41..W1h.aE tx acitasl yP ort? 73 .................................................................................. 4..12W.h aAtr teh Meo sPto puPloarrt s? 75 ................................................................... IV 4..13W.h aitPs o rStc anning? .. 77 ................................................................................ 4..14W.h yS caPno rts?. . . . .. . 78 ...................................................................... ............. 4.A2 Q. uiPcokrS tc annTuitnogr ial .. . . ... . 79 .......................................................... ............... 4.C3o. mmandF-llaigns.e . .. . . 82 ......................................................................................... 4.13S..e lecStciaTnnehg cn uieqs. . ... . . 82 ....................................................................... 4.3S.e2l.e cPtoirtntoSgs c an . . .8 3 ............................................................................... 4.3T.i3mn.gi -reedOl pattio.ns . . . 85 ............................................................................. 4.3O.u4t.pF uotr matV erabnodsO ipttyi ons . . .. .... . 85 ........................ .... . ........................ 4.3F.i5r.e awnaIdlD lES v asOipotni ons . . 87 ................................................................. 4.3S.p6e.yc iinTfagr gets . . .. 87 .................................................................................... 4..37M.i sceeloluOsap ntion.s . . . . . . 87 ........................................................................... 4.14P. v6 Sc(a-n.6n).i .n..g.. .....................................................8..8.. .................................. 4.S5O.L UTISOcNa:anL a rNgeet wfoorrak C ertOapieTnnC PP or.t .8 8 . ................................. 45..P1r.o bl.em. .... . . 88 ............ . ................................................................................. 4.5S.o2l.u t.i.on. .. . . . 89 .... ......................................................................................... 4.5D.i3s.c ussion . . . 89 ............................................................................................... 4.5S.e4Ae.l so .. ... 94 ................................................................................................ 5.P orStc annTeicnhgn iaqnuAdel sg orithms. . 95 ........................................................................... 5.I1tn.r uocdtion 95 ................................................................................................... ........ 52..T CPS YN( tSeaSlctah(n)- sS) . 96 ...................................................................... ............ 5.T3C.P C onnect( -Ss..cT..a)... n.. ..........................................................................J..O..O. . 5.U4D. PS ca(n- s.U) . . . 101 ................................................................................................ 5..41D.i sambiOgpueafrnto imFn itgle rUeDdPP orts 120 ................................................. 5.4S.p2e.e dUipUn DgP S cans . . . . I0 5 .......................................................................... 5.T5C.P F INN,U LLa,n Xdm as S(c-as-nFss,N , -sX) . 170 ...................................................... 5.C6u.s tomT ypSecwsai nt- h- scanftags . . 111 ....................................................................... 5..61C.ut soSmY N/FSIcNa n 111 ................................................................................ 5.6P.S2HS. c a.n . . . ... 121 ......................................................................... . ................. 5..T7 CPA CKS can (-sA) . . 131 ........................................................................................... 5.T8C.P W indow (S-csaWn) . .. ... .. 151 ........................................................... .................... 5.T9C.P M aimSocna (n- sM) . .. .. . 161 .................................................................................. 51.0T.C PI dle (S-csal.n). .. .: ...................1.71. ............................................ ... .................... 5. 1.01I.d le SStcebapySn t e.p . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 .1 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0.F2i.n daiW nogrik nIgd Slcea Zno mbHioes t . .. . . . . 102 ............ .................................. 5..130E.x euctiannIg d Slcea n .. .... . . 121 ......................................... ............................. . 51.0.I4d.l e ISmcpalne meAnltgaotriiotnh ms .. . ... 122 ..................................................... 51..1I PP ortocSocla( n- sO) . . 152 ................................................................................... ..... 5.1T2C.PFT P BounSccea( n- b.) . . .172 . ............................................................................. . 5.1S3c.a n aCnoAddl eg ori.t.hms ... . .182 ........................................ ................................. .... 5.1N3e.t1w.Co rokn diMtoinoint orin.g 192 ................................................................... 5.31.H2o.s atn Pdo rPtaa rllaetliiozn . 192 ...................................................................... 5.31.R3o.u nTrdi pT imEes timat.ion . 103 ..................................................................... 5.31.C4o.n geCstoinrootln. 103 ................................................................................... 5..15T3.i miprnboge s·······················································-··············1··23·· ··············· · · 5.31.I6fen.r rNeedi ghTbiomr.e s . .. . 123 ........................................................................ 5.31.A7d.a ptRieavtners mis.si.on . 123 . ......................................................................... 5.31.S8c.a Dne lay . .. . 123 ........................................................................................... 6.O ptimiNzmianPpger ofrmance . . 153 ........................................................................................ 6.I1n.t roduction . 153 ......................................................................................................... v 6.S2c. aTni mRee ducTtecihonni ques .......... . 153 ................................................. . . . . . .......·. .... 6.12O..m iNto n-crTiesttisc al ... .. 163 ........................................................................... 6.2O.p2t.i mTiizmeiP nagr ameters . 173 ........................................................................ 6.2S.e3pr.aa atneOd p timUiDzPSe c ans .. .....173 ......................................................... . 6.2U.p4g.r Namdaep . . . . . . 173 ..................................................................................... 6.2E.x5e.c Cuotnecr uerNnmta Ipn stances . . . 183 ........................................................... 6.2S.c6a.Fn r oamF avaobrNleet wLoorck ation . 183 ....................................................... 6.2I.cn7r.e Aavsaeib llae BanadnwCdiP dUTt ihm e. . . . . . 183 ............................................. 6.C3o.p iSntgr atfoerg iLeSoscn ga n.s. . .. . . . 193 .... ................................................................. 63..U1s.ae M ul-tsitAapgper oach . 193 ......................................................................... 6.3E.s2t.i amnadt eP lan for Scan Time . 104 .................................................................. 6.P4o.r Ste lecDtaitaoann Sd t rategi.es . . . . . 104 ...................................................................... 6.L5o.w -LTeivmeliC nogn t.r.o.ls .. . . 141 . . ........................................................................... 6.T6.i miTnemgp la(t-eTs.) . . 124 ........................................................................................ 6.S7.c ann67i36n5,gI2 P A ddreisn4s6 eH so ur.s . . 134 ............................................................ 7.S ervaincAdep plicVaertsiiDooennt ection .. ... 154 ...................................................................... 71.I.nr dtouction 154 .......................................................................................................... 7.U2s. aagned Exampl.es. . . .. . 174 .............................. ......................................................... 73..Te chniDqeusec r.i.bed. .... .. .... . . 194 . . .......... . .......... ...................... .................................. 73..C1h.e aatnFsda llb.a.c.k.s. .............................................1...5...1... ......................... 73.2..P roSbeel ecatnRidao rni .ty . 125 ......................................................................... 7.T4ec. hniDqeumeo nstrated 125 ......................................................................................... 75..P ost-pr.oce.ss.ors . . 155 ................................................................................................ 75..N1m.a Spc ripEtnigniIgnn et eg.r.at.i..o.n.. ...............................1..55.. ...................... 7.5R.P2CG. rinding . . . 165 ......................................................................................... 75..S3S.LP ost-prNoocteesss or . . . 175 .......................................................................... 7.n6.m ap-s-eprrvoibceFeso rFmialte 185 ............................................................................. 76.1.E.x clDuiderec t.i.v.e. ..........................................................1...85.. ..................... 7.6P.r2o.Db ier ective 195 .......................................................................................... 7.6m.a3t.Dc iher cti..ve ... 195 . . ................................................................................. .. 7.6s.o4f.t mDaietrtccieh v . . ... 161 ................................................................................ 7.6p.o5r.at nssd s olrpDtisr ectives . . 126 ....................................................................... 7.6t.oa6tl.w aitemtcsie vDir . .. 126 ................................................................................ 7.6r.a7r.Di iteryc ti.ve .. . . . 126 ..................................................................................... 7.6f.a8l.l Dbiarcekc. tiv.e.. . .. .. . . . 136 ............ .............................. .................................. 7.6P.u9t.t IiAtnl Tglog ether . . . . ... . . .... . 136 ............................. ................... ................... 7.C7o. mmunCiotnyt ributio.n.s ... .. 146 ................................................................................ 7.17S..u bmSietr vFiicneg erp.ri.nts .. .. . 146 .................................. ................................. 7.7S.u2b.m Diatt abCaosererc tions . 146 ....................................................................... 7..73S.u bmNietwP robes. . . . 156 ................................................................................. 78..S OLUTIOFNi:nA dlS le errvRsu nnainnI ngs eocrNu ornes dtaarAndp plication Veirson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78..P1r.o blem .... . .. 166 ............................................................................................. 78..S2o.l ut.i .o n. . . . . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1. 66 . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78..D3i.s cussion .... .. ... . 176 ................................................ .................. ..................... 7.S9O.L UTIHOaNc:Vk e risoDne tecttoSi uoCinut s tNoeme ds,a sOs puePcnrh oy x Detec.t i.o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 86. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79..P1r.ol bem .... 186 ................................................................................................ 7.9S.o2l.u tion . . 196 .................................................................................................. vi 7.9D.i3s.c u.s.si.o..n... ......................................................1.9.6 ................................. 8R.e moOtSeD etec.t.i.o..n.. ..............................................................1.7.1. ............................... 8.I1n.t roduction 171 .......................................................................................................... 8.1R.e1as.fo ronO sSD etec.t.i.o..n.. ...............................1.7.1. .................................... Deteirnmivnugel rnaboiftl airthgyoe st.t .s. ........................1..7..1.. ........................ Tailoreixnplg.o .i.t.s ..............................................1...7...1.. ........................ ...... Netwiovrnekn taonrsdyu p por.t. .........................................1.27. ......................... Detteicngt huonraaiunzddea den rgoduesv i.c.e.s. .........................1..27.. ............ .... Soceinagli ne.e r.i .n g. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.U2s.a agneEd x amp.l.e.s. .......................1.27. ................................................................. 8.T3C.P /FIiPen rgpnrtiiMnegt hSodupsp orbtyNe mda .p ...............................1...67... ............. 8.3P.r1o.bSe esn t I7 7 ................................................................................................ Sequegnecnee r(aStEiOQoP,nS W,I Na,n Tdl .). ............1.77. ............................... ICMePc h(oI E.).. ..............................................................1.7.8. ...................... TCPe xplciocnigte nsottiiofin(c EaCtN.i)o. n. .............1.97. .................................... TCP( T2-.T7..). ...................................................................1.97. .................... UDP( UI.). ......................................1.9.7. .................................................. ..... 8..32R.e spoTnesst.es. ..............................................1..08.. ....................................... TCP IgSrNe actoemsmtdo inov ri s(G.C.D.). ............1.08. ..................................... TCP IcSoNu nrtae(trIe S.R.). ......................................1..0..8. ............................ TCP IsSeNq uepnrdeciec taibnidleixt. y.( .SP.). ................................1.0.8. ............. TCPI P sIeDq uegnecnee raaltgioorn(i Ttl.h).m .. ...........................1..8..1. ............. ICMIPP sIeDq uegnecnee raaltgioorn(i It.Ih.)m. .......................1.8..1.. ................. ShareIdP sIeDq ueBnocoel( eSaS.n) . ............................1.28. .............................. TCPt imesotpatmaiplo gn or(iTtS.h).m . ...............................1..28.. ....................... TCPo pti(o0n0,-s1 0 6.). ...............................1..38.. ...................... .................... TCPi intwiianolwd s izeW I(-WW,6 ) . .. 138 .................................................. ....... Respons(iRv.)e. n.e.ss. ........................................1..4.8. ................... ................. IPd onfr'atg mebni(ttD F) I8 4 ............................................................................. Donfr'atg me(nItC M(PD)F .I.). ...........................14.8 ......................................... IPi niiattli m-e-leti ov(.T..).. ..........................................1..48.. ........................... IPi niiatl t-ilemig evu-e(tsTosG. ). ..........................................1...58... .................. Explciocnigte nsottiiofinc( CaCt.)i. o.n. ..............1.58. .......................................... TCPm iscellqauni(erQok.)us. s . ..................1.58 ................................................. TCPs equennucmeebr( S) .... . I8 6 ...... ... .............................................................. ICMsPe quennucmeebr (.S.I.) .......................................1..68 .............................. TCPa cknogwmleenndutm ebr( A) . . ...1 68 ............................................................. TCPfl ag(sF. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TCPR STd atcah eck(sRuD.m) . ......................................................1..7.8.. ......... IPt ypoefs erv(iTcOe.S ).. ..........................................................1..78. ............... IPt ypoefs ervfoirc eI CMP resp.on.s.e..s.. ..(..T..O...S....I..).. .......1..78.. ............... IPt otlaeln (gItPh.L .). .....................1.88. .......................................................... Unuspeodru tne rachfiaeblled enr(ooU nNz.). ......................................1.8.8 .......... ReturpnreoIdbP te o tlaeln vgatlh(u ReI P.L.). .............1.88 .................................... ReturpnreoIdbP e vIaDl ue .(.R.I.D.). ..........................1..8.8. .............................. Itnegroifrt eyt uprrnoeIbdPce h eckvsaul(muR eI PC.K.). ........1.88. ........................ Inteogfrr iettuyr neUdD Plp ernoagbnetcd hh eck(sRuUmaL n d RU.C.K.). .1.88. ....... Inetgroifrt eyt uUrDnPed da t(aR UD.). ............................1..88. ........................... ICMP recsopdo(enC sD.e). .......................................1..98.. ............................... Vil IPd atlae nfogrtI hC MrPe spo(nDsLeIs) .. .. 198 ..................................................... 8..F4 ingreirnptMeitnhgAo vdiosd ebdyN map . .. . 198 ............................................................. 8.14P..a ssFiivneg netriprnig . ...... 198 ............................................................... ............ 8.4E.x2p.lC ohirto nology . . . . 109 ................................................................................. 8.4R.e3at.nr smiTsismi.eos.n . .........................................1.0..9. .................................. 8.4I.PF4 ar.g ment.ati.on . .. 191 ................................................................................... 8.4O.p5eP.no rPta tt.e.r..n.s. . . ....... ..... 191 .. ....... ............................... .. ........ ................ 8.U5n.d erstaanNn mdaiFpni gn greirnpt . ... 191 ..................................................................... 8.15D..e codtihSneug jb eFcitn geFropmrraitn .t ............ 129 ................. ....... . . ................. Deciondtgh SeC ANl ionfaes ujbeficngte rnptr i. ..... .. 139 ................. . ..................... 8.5D.e2cd.oi ntghR ee fenrceFei enrgpnrtFio mra.t.. .. .. .. . .. 149 ........ ..... ............................ Fere-foOrSmd escr(iFpitnigoenlr ipnrei).n t . ... ........ 159 .................. ......... . ............ DeviceO Sc alnads si(fiCclalatisinsoe .ns. ). ..... ..... 169 ............. . . ....... .................... Tesetx psrieos.n s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.O6S.M atchAilnggo rith.m.s.. . . ..... .. 189 ......... . ................................................... . ............. 8..D7 ealinMgi swiifidteehadn n tUdin idenHtoisfitesd ... . .... 199 ................ ............. ................. 8..71Wh.e n NGmuaeps Wsrenosg. . . .. . . ... 200 ............. ................. ................................. 8.7W.h2e.Nn m aFpai ltsoF inMda taac nhPd r ianF tisn ger.p.ri.n.t 201 . ............................ 8..73M.o diftyhinenm ga p-oDsa-tdabbY aousres e..l..f . ..... 202 . . . .................... ................. 8.S8O.L UTIDOeNt:e ct WiRorgeuAlece csesPs oisn otnsa nE nterNpertiwsoer k .2 02 ................. 8..81Po.rb lem ......... .... ...... . .202 .............. . . . . ......... . .......... . . . .................................... .. 88..S2o.l ution ........................ ... . . . 202 ...................... . . ... . . . . . . . ....... ............................. 8..83W.AP C haracter.i.s..t..i..c...s. ....... .. . 203 ....... .. .... ........ . ....................................... 9.N maSpc ripEtnigni.gn e.. ..... . . ....205 ....... .. . .......................................................................... ... 9.I1nr.to duction ......................... .. .205 .............................. ... . . .... . ...... ... ............................ . 9.U2s.a geE xaanmdp .l.es.. . ................. .2 06 .... ............. . ... . ................................................. 9.12S..c rCiaptte go..r.i.e..s. . ... .. ..2 07 . . . . ... . ......... ........................................................ 9.2C.o2m.m andA-rgluimneen t.s . ... 209 ...................................................................... 9.2A.rg3u.m etnoSt csr i.p.t.s. ... . .....2 10 . .... .. ... ............................................................ 9.2U.s4a.Eg xea mp.le.s. . . . ............. 210 ....................................................... . . . ....... ..... 9.S3c.r Fioprtm .a.t. ... . .. ... . . . ... .211 . . . .... . ................. . .......................................................... 93..dle.s criFipetlido.. n.. ..... . . .....2 11 ...... . . ...... . ......................................................... . 9.3c.a2t.e gFoirei.leds . ........... . . 211 . ............. ..... . . ...................................................... 9.3a.u3t.hF oierl .d. ............ .....2 11 ..... . . ... . ................................................................ 9.3l.i4c.eF niseel d. ................... . . .211 ... . . . . . . ...... .................................................. ..... 9.3r.u5n.l Feivee.ll.d. . .. ... . . . .........2 11 . . . . . . ........ ....................................................... ... 9.3P.o6ra.tn H do sRtu le.s .... . . ......2..1. 2. . ....... . . ........................................................ . 9.3A.c7t.i on . .. .. . ...... .. 212 ...................................... ...................................... . ........... 9.S4c.r Liapnutga ge ............ . 212 ...................................................................... . . . . ............. 9.14L..u Baa sLea nugage . ............ 212 ......................................................... . .............. 9.N5S.E S cri..p.t.s. .. . ....213 . . . .... . ..................................................................................... 9.N6S.E L ibra..r.i.e.s. . . . ....... 236 . . .... .................................................................... .... . ....... 9.16L..i st Loifb rAalrli e.s . . ..... 236 ...................................................................... ....... 9.6A.d2d.iC n Mgo dutloNe sse .li..b. .. .. . ....2 37 ....... ..................................................... 9.N7m.a ApP I 239 ........................................................................................................... 9..71I.nfo rmaPtaisostneo dS car ipt. .. ........ .239 .............................................. . . . .......... 9.7N.e2t.w o1r1Ak0P I . .... ....... .. 241 .................................................... ...... ................ Connect-nsettywl1oe/r 0k .......... ....... 241 ................................... .... ..... . .... .. ........ Rawp ackneett w1/o0r .k ...... . . . 242 . ......... . .......................................................... viii 9.7T.h3r.eM audt ex.e.s... .................. . 243 . . . . . . . . . .................................................... ..... 9.7.4. HEaxncedpl..ti.ino.g.n. . .............. . 244 . ..... . . . . ..................................................... 9.7T.h5Re. e gi.st.r..y. . . ........... .2 45 ...... ........................................................ . . . . . . . ...... 9.S8c.r Wirpitt iTuntgo r.i.al . ........... 245 . ........................................................... . . . . . ............ 9..81Th.eH ea.d. ............................................2.4.5. ................................................. 9.8T.h2Re. u l.e.. ........................ ..2 46 . . . . . .... .... . . . . . . ................................................... 9.8T.h3Me.e chan.i.sm. ................... 247 ... ..... . . . . ........................................................ 9.W9r.i tiSncgrD iopctu men(tNaStEiDoonc ). ... .......................248 .............. . .......... . . . . . . .. .... . . 9.9N.S1ED. o cumenTtagast io.n. .....................................2.5 0 ............. ... ... . . . . ... . ..... . . . . . 9.1Ve0r.s iDoentt eicUosni NnSgE . ....................................2..5..1.. ................... .................. 9.I.1E xamSpclrei fipngte:r ...n..s....e... .......................................................... .............2. 5.3. 9.1I2m.p lemeDnetataitliso n . . ...................... 254 .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 9.11I.2n .itaitaiPlohinaz .s..e.. .....................................2.5.4. ... . . . .. . . ... . ......................... 9.21.M2a.ct hiSncgr iwpittTsahr ge.t..s.. ................................2.5.5 . . . . . ... . . . . . . .... ........ . .... 9..13S2.c rEixpetc u.ti.o.n. ........................................ 255 . ..... .. ... ..... . . . . . ... .. ........... . . .... 10D.e ctetingS ubavrnetdiF nigra elwalnsId n trDuestieocnSt yisotne ms . 257 ....................................... JO.II.nr dtouct..i...o..n.. ........................................................................................2.....5.. 7 10.W2hy.W oulEdt hiPcraolfe ss(iWohniatlesE- vheDarotT sh)i s? ...2 57 .................................. 10.D3et.e irnming lRFliu rleewsa ....258 .............................................................................. . 1.03S.t1a.n dSaYrNSd c an . . 258 ................................................................................. Sneafikryea wltlhsra ett RuSrTn 259 .................................................................... 10.A3C.K2 S.c an 260 ............................................................................................... 10.I3P. 3TI.riD c ks . :2 62 ........................................................................................... 10.U3D.P4V .eir soSnc annin.g . ... .. . 264 ....................................................................... 10.B4y.p asFsiirnegRw uallels 265 ...................................................................................... 10.E4x.o1St.ic caF nl ags . . 265 .................................................................................... 10.S4o.cu2er.P o rMta nipul.a.t.i..o..n.... ................................ ...266 . . . . ... . . . . . . .... ... . ..... . .. 10.14P.v3A6.t ta.c..k.s.. .........................................................2..6 .7. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ........ . . . 10.I4P. 4II.dD Sl cea nn.i..n..g .............. ...... 269 .......... ............ .................................. .. 10.M4u.l5t.Pi ipnPlgre o b.e.s. ............. .........................269 . . ... . . ... . . . . . ..... . . . .... . . . . . . . . . ... . 10.F4r.ma6ge.n ta.t.i.o.n.. ...............................................269 . .. . . ...... ... ... . . . . . . .... . . . . . ..... 1.04P.r7oi.xe s ............................ ..270 ................ ..... ...... . ... .................................. ..... 10.4MA.C8 A.d dreSsps oofing.. ........................................................................... 270 10.S4ou.r9c.Re o ut.i.n..g .... ............ ........... 271 . ..... ............ . . ......................... . . . .......... 10.4FT.P1 B0o.u nSccea .n. .... ....... .............2.72 . . . . .......... . . .......................... . . . ............ 10..114T.a kaenA lterPnaatt..hi ve ................... 272 . ................ . . ..................... . . . ............ 104..1A2 P.rta iccRae-lal leEi xfamplFeiw raoelSflu bve.r.s.i.o.n ...... .272 . . .................... ... 10.S5ub.tv ieInrngt rDuestieocnSt yisotne m.s.. ..:. ...........................2..7.6.. ................ ...... . ..... 105..I1n.t rDuestieocnSt yisotDnee mt ection .... ..... 276 .......................................... . . ....... Reveprrsoeb. .e.s ...... ............ ... 276 . . ..................... . ............. . . . . .......................... Suddefinr elwclah anagneds susppaicckieotus..s . ... . ...... 277 .......... . . ............... . . ...... Namicnogn ventio.n..s. ... ..... ..... ... 277 ............ ............ ............... . . . ...................... UnexplTaILi jnuemd.p .s. ..... ...... ....... ... 278 . . . ........... . ........... . ............................ 10.A5vo.i2d.Ii nntgr uDestiteoicnSo yns te.m..s ...............279 .. ........... . ............... ............ Slwo down ..... ..... .... ....... ...28.0 ............... . . .......................... ................ . . ........... Scatptreorba ecsr noestsw orrakttshh easrnc anhnoisnctgos n seecl.uy.t. iv .2.8 2 . .......... Frmagenpta ckets ............... . .. ..2.82 ................. ......... ............. . .............. ........ ..... Evadespe cificr ul.e..s.. ................................................................................ 283 Aviode asdieltye Ncmtaefepda tu.r.es. ...... .. .. ...284 ...... . ...... ................................ .. ix 10.M5i.s3l.e IandrtiunsDigeo tnte icon S.y...s...t....e...m...s.. ...................................2..8 4 Decoys. .. . 284 .................................................................................................. Porstc asnp oo.f..i...n....g... ..........................................................................2 86 Idslcea ..n.. ............................................................................................2..8. 6 DNSp rxoyi.n....g... ..................................................................................2..8 6 10.D5o.SA4 t.t aAcgkasiR nesatc Styisvte.e ..m...s.. ..................................................2 87 10.E5x.p5l.o Iinttirnugs ionS yDset.te..em..c.s.t. ....i...o.....n.. ..............................2...8..8 10..6I5.g noIrnritunsgDi eotne cStyisotne ms . 288 ........................................................... 10.D6e.tte icPnagc kFeotr gbeyFr iyr eawnaIdlnr ltu sDieotne cStyisotn.e .m.s .........2..8..9. .......... 101.L.6o. ok forC oTnsIstLie .n..c....y.. .........................................................2 ...8..9.. . 10.6.2f.oI rPIL Doa onSkde quenceC oNnussmtibeenrc y ..2 90 ........................................ 10.T6h.Be3 o.g TuCsP C heckTsriucm.k. .. ............................................................2 .91 10.R6o.u4n.d Tri...p.. ....T....i..m..e..s.. ................................................................2 92 10.C6l.o5As.ne a loyfsP aicsk Heeta daenrCdso nten.ts . 293 ........................................... . 10.U6n.u6s.Nu eatlw Uornki forym it .. .. . . . 293 .......................... .................................... .. 1.1D efensAegsa iNnmsat.p. . ................................................................................................2 95 II .I Inr.to duc..t..i..o....n.... ..........................................................................................2 95 121.S.c aPnr oactTihveCenll oyos,rBe ol cPko ratnsFd i Vxu lrnbaeiileist. .. .. 295 .... ..................... 1.13B.lc oka nd SNlmoawwp i tFhi rlelw...as.. ...............................................................2..9 6 1.41.D eteNcmtaS pc a.n..s... ......................................................................................2..9 7 1.15C.el veTrri cker.y . . . 298 ............................................................................................... . 1.151H..i diSnegr voincO ebssu crPeo rt..s . 299 ... ........................................................ ... 1.512..P orKtn ock..i..n..g...... ..............................................................................3 00 151..H3o.n eyapnoHdto sn ey.n...e..t..s... ...............................................................3. 0I 1.51.O4S.S poofing.. ... . . . 302 ................ ..................................................................... 1.51.T5a.Pr i .t..s... .............................................................................................. 303 1.51.R6e.a cPtoirvStec aDne tec...t...i..o...n.... .......................................................3. 04 11.E5s.c7a.l Aartmisn gR. a.ce . . ... .. 304 . ...................................................................... 12Z.e nmGaUpIU seGrusi' de . . . .. . 307 ......................................................................................... 12I.n1rto.ud ct.i..o....n... .........................................................................................3..0..7. 12..lT1h.Pe u rpoofasG er aphFirncotaelfon rdN ma.p.. .......................................... .3. 07 1.22S.c anning 308 ............................................................................................................ 1.221P..r olfie..s.. .............................................................................................3..0. 9 1.22.S2ca.An g grteig.o.a.n... ...............................................................................3. 09 12.I3ne.tre ptriSncgaR ne sults . . . 311 ................................................................................... 1.2.31Sc.a Rnes ulTatbss.. . . 311 .................................................................................. ThNem aOpu tptuat.b . . . 312 . ............................................................................. ThPeo rItH so sttas.b. .. ...............................................................................3 12 ThTeo polotga.yb.. . ...................................................................................3. 13 ThHeo sDtea titlas.b. .. ...........................................................................3..1...4 ThSec ans. t.a.b .. . . 315 . ..................................................................................... 1.23.2. bSyHo ors.t.t..i. .n....g... ......................................................................3..1...5 1.23S.o3r.t iSnegr vb..i.y.c. ...e... ......................................................................3...1. 6 1.24S.a viannLgdo dainSgc aRne sults .. 316 ......................................................................... 1.2.41Th.Re e ceSnctaD nast abase .. . . . 317 .................................................................... 1.25S.u rfitnhNgee twToorpko lo...g..y... ....................................................................... 317 1.251A..n O vervoifte hwTeo p oloTgayb . . ... . 318 .................................................. ........ 1.25L.e2g.e ..n..d.. ..............................................................................................3 18 1.25C.o3n.t .r..o..l....s.... ..................................................................................... 319 x

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Nmap Network Scanning: Official Nmap Project Guide to Network Discovery and Security Scanning PDF

2009·54.85 MB·english
by  Gordon Lyon
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NmapN etworSkc anning OfficNimaalpP r ojeGcuti dteoN etwrok Disovcreya ndSe cutrySi canngi n Gordon" Foydor"L yno Fromp orstc annbiansgifo crsn ovitcoet sh tey poefp ackcertat fing used by advanctehdi sh abbcyoNk omekar p'sas,u thaonrdm aintainer suiatlsll e velsse coufra intdny e tworpkrionefgs sioRnaatlhste.hr a n simply dowchuametev netNr mya po ption NdmoaepNs e,t work Scanndienmgo tnrsatheoswt hefseaet urceasnb ea ppltioes do lrveea l worltda sskusc ahsp enetrationt aktiennsegtt iwnoigrn,kv eonryt, detecrtoignuwgei reless acocroe psespn r pooxiiqneutsas,s hnientgw ork worma ndv irus outabnrde amkusc,h Emxoarmep.la ensdd iagrams shoawc tucaolm municoantti howeni rTeh.i bso oikse ssenfotri al anoynew ho neteogd est mtohseot u otf N mapp,a rticluysl eacrurity auditaonrdss y steomrns e twoardkm inaitsotrrs. NmaNpe twoSrcka ningn:O fficNimaaplP rojGeuictdt eoN etwork DicsovearnydS eucirtSyca nngi n byG ord"oFny odLoyro"n BooUkR Lh:t t/npm:pa/.gob!rookl ISBN-91783-0:- 7999857-1-7 ISB1N0-0:- 9 7897 9-517 - LibraorfyC onegsrCso ntNruomlb er (L20C C0N 4)08 : 5 29 8 LibarrOyf C ongrSeusjbse cHte adings: IC.o mpeurnt etworks-m-eSaeescsuu rrity 2.C ompusteecru rity PubslhiebdyI nescureL.LCCoF.mo i rn rfomatoinbo unlp ukr chsapseecssia,al rlei sg,bh otosdk,i suttroirbs, orta rnslaptlieocanossne,t adcitr eucst ly: InescureL.LCCo m 37A0l tWaaiy#r 1 13 SunnyvCaAl9 e4,0- 866161 UneidtS tates Emials:al @einsseec.ucroPmh;on +e1-:6 50-989F-a4x+2:l0- 66;5 0-290869 -4 RevisHiitosonr y: FirEsdti tDieocne:m 2b0e0r8 DecfoPnr el-ReeaAsueg:u2 s00t8 Zero-Day MRaey2l 0e0a8s e: Copyri2g0h0tb8y I nsecurLeL.CAC.lo rlmi grhetsse rEvxecdew.ph te re ontohteeridwn ti hswieos r k, © nop art bemr aeyp rodourtc rseamdni titnaen dy oforrb mya nmye anesl,e ctorrmo encihca niinccallu,d ing photyoicnorgpe,cd oirng, oirnr fombayt saitnooynro arrgt eer iseyvsatlwe imt,h opurtiw otrrih tept eernm ission of the coowpnyerr.i ght Nmaipas r egeirsettdr adeomflanrske curLeL.CCO.ot mhp erro daunccdto mpanym ennaotmnieehsdee rin mayb et hter ademoaftr hkersie rs peocwtnievWrehs e.rt eh ose desaippgeniaantrt h ibiooson aksn, td h e pubhleirs awwaasor feat radecmlaartikhm de,e signhaatvieo pnbrseti eenwndi tihn itialle tcotarep rist al ina lcla pitals. The auatnhpdou rbsslh iehrav tea kceanri ent h per eptairooaftn h bioso bku,mt a kneoe xpreosris mepdl ied warraonfat nyky i nadn ads sunmore e sspiobnifolrei rtryoo rros m issNiool nisa.bi isals istuyfom re d incidoercn otnasle qduaemneatsigi cna oln newcittoirhao rni souiotnf g utshoeef itfonhrem atoirpo rnro agms contahieenriend. TabloefC ontents Prfaece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x .x i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inrdtouct.i.o.n. ..........................................................................x...x...i... ...................... I. 2.I netndAeudd ieanncOdre g naiazti.o.n. ............................................................x..x...i.. ...... 3.C onevnti.o.n.s. .............................................................x.x.i.i. ...................................... 4.O thReers ou.r.c.es. .........................................................................x....x..i.i..i.. ........... .. 5.Re quefosrCt o mme.n.ts. ...............................................................x..x..i..v. .................... 6.A cknowmleend.tg.se ......................................................x..x.. .i..v.. ................................ 61.T.e hcnoglyUo setdoC reaTtheiB so o.k. ................x.x.v. .......................................... 7.TC P/RIeePf ren.c.e. .........................................................x..x..v..i. ................................ IG.e ttSitnagrw tietNdhm a .p.. ............................l. .................................................................... J.Ilnr.otu dction . . . 1 .................................................................................................. ........ 12..N maOpv ervaineDdwe mosntra..t..i....o....n... .........................................................l.... . 12.1.A.v atOanrl i.n.e. .........................l. ................................................................... 12..S2a. vitnhHgeu maRna ce . 8 ................................................................................. 12..M3a.d HianWt o nderland . .. 9 ................................................................................ 13..T hPe haseasnN moafp Scan .. 12 .................................................................................. 14..L egIasls ues . . 13 ......................................................................................................... 14..I1sU. n aurtihzPoeodrS tc annaCi rnigm e? . . 14 ......................................................... 14..C2a.Pn o rStc annCirnatsghh Te ar gCeot mptuert/wNkoesr.? ..19 ............................ ..... 14..N3m.a Cpo pyright . . .. ,2.0 ..................................................................................... 15.T.h Hes itoarnyFd u tourfNem ap . . . . . 20 ......................................................................... .. 2.O batiniCnomglp,igi ,nI nstaalnlRdie nmgo,vN imnagp 25 ............................................................ 2.I1n.t roduction . 25 .......................................................................................................... 21..T1es.t iWnhge tNhmeari pAs l eradIyn sdt al.le. ... 25 ................................................... 2..12C.o mmanda-nlGdir naep hIinctaelr faces .. . 25 ......................................................... 2..13D.ow nloaNdmianpg .. . 26 ................................................................................... 2..14V.er yiifntghIe ne tgroifNtmya Dpo wnloads . 26 ...................................................... 2..15O.b tnaiiNngm afpr otmh Seu vbers(iSoYnRN e)p ository 28 ...................................... 2.U2n.i Cxo mpilaantIdin osnt aflrloaSmto icuoerCn o de 29 ..................................................... 2.12C..o nfirgeDu ireecst iv .... 30 ................................................................................. 2.2I.Yf2o u.E ncoeurCn otmpilPartolibeomns . 32 ........................................................ .. 2.L3i.n Duixs tribu.tions . 33 ............................................................................................... 2.13R..P M-baDsiesdt ri(bRueHtdai tMoa,nn sd rSaUkSeEF,e, d ora) . .33 .......................... . 2.3U.p2d.a tRiendH ga Fte,d oMraanr,da kaen,Yd el olwD og LwiintYuhuxm 34 ................. 2.3D.e3b.i Lainn uxD earnidv astuicavhsUe bsu ntu .. . 35 ................................................ 2.3O.t4h.Le irn Duixs tribu.t.io.ns . 35 .......................................................................... 2.W4i.n dows 36 ............................................................................................................... 2.14W..i ndo2w0s00 Dependenci.es .. . . 37 ..................................................................... 2.4W.i2n.d oSwe-sli ftnasller . .. . 37 .............................................................................. 2.4C.o3m.m and-lBininaer iZeisp 37 ........................................................................... InstatlhNlemi anzpgi b pi rniaes 37 ...................................................................... 2.4C.o4m.p friolmeS ourcCeo de . .. . 38 ........................................................................ 2.4E.x5eu.ct iNnmga opn W indo.ws .. ... 39 ................... . ............................................... 2.S5u.Sn o laris . .. . . . 40 ...................................................................................................... 2.A6p. pMlaecO S X . . . . 41 ................................................................................................ 2..61E.xe uctaIbnlsetr alle . 41 ............................................................................... ....... 111 2.6C.o2m.p friolmeS ourCcoed. e. ....................................................4...1... ....... ......... CompNimlaefrp o ms ourccoed. e. ................................................4..1.. ....... ........ CompZielmnea pfr oms ourccoed e .42 ............................................................ ..... 2..63T.h di-rpaPratcyk a.g.e.s. .........................................................4....2... ............. ... 2.6E.x4ce.u tNimnagop n M acO S .X. ................................4.2. ................................... 2.F7er.e BSIOD p enBISN De tB.S.D. .....................................4..3.. ..................................... 27.1. O.p enBBSniDa rPya ckaagnSedos r ucPeo rItnss tructions 43 ..................................... 2.7F.er2e.B SBDi rnyaP ackaangde cSePo ourrItnss tru.c.t.i.o.n.s. ..........4..4.. ............... ... Instaolftl habeti inopanar cyk age . . 44 ................................................................... Instaulsliatnthgiseo o unrp coert trse e . 44 ............................................................. 2..73N.e tSBDB niarPya ckIangset ructions . 44 .............................................................. 2.A8m.i gHaP,- UX, aInROdIt XhP,el ra tforms 44 ................................................................. 2.9.m oRveiNnmga p .45 ............................................................................................... ..... 3.H osDti sco(vPeirSnycg a nning) 47 ........................................................................................... 3.I1nr.to udction 47 ........................................................................................................... 32..S peyciinTfagr gHeotsa tnsNd e twor.ks 47 ....................................................................... 3.12I..n pFurto Lmi (s-ti L) 48 ..................................................................................... 3.2C.h2o.o Tsareg eattRs a nd(o-m<i nRu tmargets>) 48 .................................................. 3.2E.x3c.l uTdarigne(gt- s- ex-c-leluxudcdee,<fi filleee n>a)m 48 ....................................... 3.2.4. EPxraamcptliecsa l . 49 ...................................................................................... 3.F3i.n dainOn rgga nizaItPAi dodnr'e.ss. s.e.s. .........................4..9.. ................................... .. 3.13D..N ST ricks 50 ................................................................................................. 3.3W.h2o.Qi use rAigeasi InPRs etg istries 54 ................................................................ 3.3I.tn3e.r Rnoeutt Iinnfogr ma.t.i.o.n. ...............................................5..5.. .................. 3..D4 NSR esolution 56 ..................................................................................................... 3.H5o.s ts cDoivCeornyt rols . 57 ......................................................................................... 3.15L..i Sscta (n- s.L.). ..........................................................5..7.. ............................ 3.5P.i2nS.gc a(n- s.P.). ....................................................5...8.. ................................ 3.5D.i3s.a ble P.i.n.g. .(.-.P.N.). ............................................5...9... ........................... 36..H osDti scoTvecehrnyi ques 60 ....................................................................................... 3.16T..C PS YNP in(g- PpSo<rlstit .>). ..........................................6..1. ........................ 3.6T.C2P. APCiKn( g-A P<polrsitt >) 62 ...................................................................... 3.6U.D3P.P in(g- PU<lpsiotr>t) . . 63 ........................................................................... 3.6I.C4M.PP i nTygp e(s- P-EP,Pa ,n- dP M) 64 .............................................................. 36..I5P. ProPtion(cPg-oO l< proltioscto>l) 64 ............................................................... 36..ARP6 . Sca(n- P.R.). ...........................................................6...4... ....................... 3.6D.e7af.u Clotm bin.a.t.i.o.n. .........................................6.6.. ................................... 3.P7u.t tIiAtn lTglog ethHeorsD:tis covSetrrya t.e.g.i.e.s.. ............................6..6. ................... 3..71R.e laOtpetdi ons 66 ............................................................................................ 37..C2h.o osainnCdgo mbiPniinnOggp ti.o.n.s. ..............................6...8... .................... TCPp roabnepd o rstel ection . 68 ......................................................................... UDPp orste lection 70 . ..................................................................................... . ICMpPr osbeel ection 70 .................................................................................... Desigtnhiiend gec aolm binoaftp rioobness 70 ....................................................... 3.H8o.s Dtis covCeordyAe l gorithms 72 ............................................................................... 4.P orStc annOivnergv .i.e.w. ......................................................................7..3.. ....................... 41.I.nr toudcttioPo onr Stc anning 73 .................................................................................... 41..W1h.aE tx acitasl yP ort? 73 .................................................................................. 4..12W.h aAtr teh Meo sPto puPloarrt s? 75 ................................................................... IV 4..13W.h aitPs o rStc anning? .. 77 ................................................................................ 4..14W.h yS caPno rts?. . . . .. . 78 ...................................................................... ............. 4.A2 Q. uiPcokrS tc annTuitnogr ial .. . . ... . 79 .......................................................... ............... 4.C3o. mmandF-llaigns.e . .. . . 82 ......................................................................................... 4.13S..e lecStciaTnnehg cn uieqs. . ... . . 82 ....................................................................... 4.3S.e2l.e cPtoirtntoSgs c an . . .8 3 ............................................................................... 4.3T.i3mn.gi -reedOl pattio.ns . . . 85 ............................................................................. 4.3O.u4t.pF uotr matV erabnodsO ipttyi ons . . .. .... . 85 ........................ .... . ........................ 4.3F.i5r.e awnaIdlD lES v asOipotni ons . . 87 ................................................................. 4.3S.p6e.yc iinTfagr gets . . .. 87 .................................................................................... 4..37M.i sceeloluOsap ntion.s . . . . . . 87 ........................................................................... 4.14P. v6 Sc(a-n.6n).i .n..g.. .....................................................8..8.. .................................. 4.S5O.L UTISOcNa:anL a rNgeet wfoorrak C ertOapieTnnC PP or.t .8 8 . ................................. 45..P1r.o bl.em. .... . . 88 ............ . ................................................................................. 4.5S.o2l.u t.i.on. .. . . . 89 .... ......................................................................................... 4.5D.i3s.c ussion . . . 89 ............................................................................................... 4.5S.e4Ae.l so .. ... 94 ................................................................................................ 5.P orStc annTeicnhgn iaqnuAdel sg orithms. . 95 ........................................................................... 5.I1tn.r uocdtion 95 ................................................................................................... ........ 52..T CPS YN( tSeaSlctah(n)- sS) . 96 ...................................................................... ............ 5.T3C.P C onnect( -Ss..cT..a)... n.. ..........................................................................J..O..O. . 5.U4D. PS ca(n- s.U) . . . 101 ................................................................................................ 5..41D.i sambiOgpueafrnto imFn itgle rUeDdPP orts 120 ................................................. 5.4S.p2e.e dUipUn DgP S cans . . . . I0 5 .......................................................................... 5.T5C.P F INN,U LLa,n Xdm as S(c-as-nFss,N , -sX) . 170 ...................................................... 5.C6u.s tomT ypSecwsai nt- h- scanftags . . 111 ....................................................................... 5..61C.ut soSmY N/FSIcNa n 111 ................................................................................ 5.6P.S2HS. c a.n . . . ... 121 ......................................................................... . ................. 5..T7 CPA CKS can (-sA) . . 131 ........................................................................................... 5.T8C.P W indow (S-csaWn) . .. ... .. 151 ........................................................... .................... 5.T9C.P M aimSocna (n- sM) . .. .. . 161 .................................................................................. 51.0T.C PI dle (S-csal.n). .. .: ...................1.71. ............................................ ... .................... 5. 1.01I.d le SStcebapySn t e.p . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 .1 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0.F2i.n daiW nogrik nIgd Slcea Zno mbHioes t . .. . . . . 102 ............ .................................. 5..130E.x euctiannIg d Slcea n .. .... . . 121 ......................................... ............................. . 51.0.I4d.l e ISmcpalne meAnltgaotriiotnh ms .. . ... 122 ..................................................... 51..1I PP ortocSocla( n- sO) . . 152 ................................................................................... ..... 5.1T2C.PFT P BounSccea( n- b.) . . .172 . ............................................................................. . 5.1S3c.a n aCnoAddl eg ori.t.hms ... . .182 ........................................ ................................. .... 5.1N3e.t1w.Co rokn diMtoinoint orin.g 192 ................................................................... 5.31.H2o.s atn Pdo rPtaa rllaetliiozn . 192 ...................................................................... 5.31.R3o.u nTrdi pT imEes timat.ion . 103 ..................................................................... 5.31.C4o.n geCstoinrootln. 103 ................................................................................... 5..15T3.i miprnboge s·······················································-··············1··23·· ··············· · · 5.31.I6fen.r rNeedi ghTbiomr.e s . .. . 123 ........................................................................ 5.31.A7d.a ptRieavtners mis.si.on . 123 . ......................................................................... 5.31.S8c.a Dne lay . .. . 123 ........................................................................................... 6.O ptimiNzmianPpger ofrmance . . 153 ........................................................................................ 6.I1n.t roduction . 153 ......................................................................................................... v 6.S2c. aTni mRee ducTtecihonni ques .......... . 153 ................................................. . . . . . .......·. .... 6.12O..m iNto n-crTiesttisc al ... .. 163 ........................................................................... 6.2O.p2t.i mTiizmeiP nagr ameters . 173 ........................................................................ 6.2S.e3pr.aa atneOd p timUiDzPSe c ans .. .....173 ......................................................... . 6.2U.p4g.r Namdaep . . . . . . 173 ..................................................................................... 6.2E.x5e.c Cuotnecr uerNnmta Ipn stances . . . 183 ........................................................... 6.2S.c6a.Fn r oamF avaobrNleet wLoorck ation . 183 ....................................................... 6.2I.cn7r.e Aavsaeib llae BanadnwCdiP dUTt ihm e. . . . . . 183 ............................................. 6.C3o.p iSntgr atfoerg iLeSoscn ga n.s. . .. . . . 193 .... ................................................................. 63..U1s.ae M ul-tsitAapgper oach . 193 ......................................................................... 6.3E.s2t.i amnadt eP lan for Scan Time . 104 .................................................................. 6.P4o.r Ste lecDtaitaoann Sd t rategi.es . . . . . 104 ...................................................................... 6.L5o.w -LTeivmeliC nogn t.r.o.ls .. . . 141 . . ........................................................................... 6.T6.i miTnemgp la(t-eTs.) . . 124 ........................................................................................ 6.S7.c ann67i36n5,gI2 P A ddreisn4s6 eH so ur.s . . 134 ............................................................ 7.S ervaincAdep plicVaertsiiDooennt ection .. ... 154 ...................................................................... 71.I.nr dtouction 154 .......................................................................................................... 7.U2s. aagned Exampl.es. . . .. . 174 .............................. ......................................................... 73..Te chniDqeusec r.i.bed. .... .. .... . . 194 . . .......... . .......... ...................... .................................. 73..C1h.e aatnFsda llb.a.c.k.s. .............................................1...5...1... ......................... 73.2..P roSbeel ecatnRidao rni .ty . 125 ......................................................................... 7.T4ec. hniDqeumeo nstrated 125 ......................................................................................... 75..P ost-pr.oce.ss.ors . . 155 ................................................................................................ 75..N1m.a Spc ripEtnigniIgnn et eg.r.at.i..o.n.. ...............................1..55.. ...................... 7.5R.P2CG. rinding . . . 165 ......................................................................................... 75..S3S.LP ost-prNoocteesss or . . . 175 .......................................................................... 7.n6.m ap-s-eprrvoibceFeso rFmialte 185 ............................................................................. 76.1.E.x clDuiderec t.i.v.e. ..........................................................1...85.. ..................... 7.6P.r2o.Db ier ective 195 .......................................................................................... 7.6m.a3t.Dc iher cti..ve ... 195 . . ................................................................................. .. 7.6s.o4f.t mDaietrtccieh v . . ... 161 ................................................................................ 7.6p.o5r.at nssd s olrpDtisr ectives . . 126 ....................................................................... 7.6t.oa6tl.w aitemtcsie vDir . .. 126 ................................................................................ 7.6r.a7r.Di iteryc ti.ve .. . . . 126 ..................................................................................... 7.6f.a8l.l Dbiarcekc. tiv.e.. . .. .. . . . 136 ............ .............................. .................................. 7.6P.u9t.t IiAtnl Tglog ether . . . . ... . . .... . 136 ............................. ................... ................... 7.C7o. mmunCiotnyt ributio.n.s ... .. 146 ................................................................................ 7.17S..u bmSietr vFiicneg erp.ri.nts .. .. . 146 .................................. ................................. 7.7S.u2b.m Diatt abCaosererc tions . 146 ....................................................................... 7..73S.u bmNietwP robes. . . . 156 ................................................................................. 78..S OLUTIOFNi:nA dlS le errvRsu nnainnI ngs eocrNu ornes dtaarAndp plication Veirson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78..P1r.o blem .... . .. 166 ............................................................................................. 78..S2o.l ut.i .o n. . . . . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1. 66 . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78..D3i.s cussion .... .. ... . 176 ................................................ .................. ..................... 7.S9O.L UTIHOaNc:Vk e risoDne tecttoSi uoCinut s tNoeme ds,a sOs puePcnrh oy x Detec.t i.o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 86. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79..P1r.ol bem .... 186 ................................................................................................ 7.9S.o2l.u tion . . 196 .................................................................................................. vi 7.9D.i3s.c u.s.si.o..n... ......................................................1.9.6 ................................. 8R.e moOtSeD etec.t.i.o..n.. ..............................................................1.7.1. ............................... 8.I1n.t roduction 171 .......................................................................................................... 8.1R.e1as.fo ronO sSD etec.t.i.o..n.. ...............................1.7.1. .................................... Deteirnmivnugel rnaboiftl airthgyoe st.t .s. ........................1..7..1.. ........................ Tailoreixnplg.o .i.t.s ..............................................1...7...1.. ........................ ...... Netwiovrnekn taonrsdyu p por.t. .........................................1.27. ......................... Detteicngt huonraaiunzddea den rgoduesv i.c.e.s. .........................1..27.. ............ .... Soceinagli ne.e r.i .n g. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.U2s.a agneEd x amp.l.e.s. .......................1.27. ................................................................. 8.T3C.P /FIiPen rgpnrtiiMnegt hSodupsp orbtyNe mda .p ...............................1...67... ............. 8.3P.r1o.bSe esn t I7 7 ................................................................................................ Sequegnecnee r(aStEiOQoP,nS W,I Na,n Tdl .). ............1.77. ............................... ICMePc h(oI E.).. ..............................................................1.7.8. ...................... TCPe xplciocnigte nsottiiofin(c EaCtN.i)o. n. .............1.97. .................................... TCP( T2-.T7..). ...................................................................1.97. .................... UDP( UI.). ......................................1.9.7. .................................................. ..... 8..32R.e spoTnesst.es. ..............................................1..08.. ....................................... TCP IgSrNe actoemsmtdo inov ri s(G.C.D.). ............1.08. ..................................... TCP IcSoNu nrtae(trIe S.R.). ......................................1..0..8. ............................ TCP IsSeNq uepnrdeciec taibnidleixt. y.( .SP.). ................................1.0.8. ............. TCPI P sIeDq uegnecnee raaltgioorn(i Ttl.h).m .. ...........................1..8..1. ............. ICMIPP sIeDq uegnecnee raaltgioorn(i It.Ih.)m. .......................1.8..1.. ................. ShareIdP sIeDq ueBnocoel( eSaS.n) . ............................1.28. .............................. TCPt imesotpatmaiplo gn or(iTtS.h).m . ...............................1..28.. ....................... TCPo pti(o0n0,-s1 0 6.). ...............................1..38.. ...................... .................... TCPi intwiianolwd s izeW I(-WW,6 ) . .. 138 .................................................. ....... Respons(iRv.)e. n.e.ss. ........................................1..4.8. ................... ................. IPd onfr'atg mebni(ttD F) I8 4 ............................................................................. Donfr'atg me(nItC M(PD)F .I.). ...........................14.8 ......................................... IPi niiattli m-e-leti ov(.T..).. ..........................................1..48.. ........................... IPi niiatl t-ilemig evu-e(tsTosG. ). ..........................................1...58... .................. Explciocnigte nsottiiofinc( CaCt.)i. o.n. ..............1.58. .......................................... TCPm iscellqauni(erQok.)us. s . ..................1.58 ................................................. TCPs equennucmeebr( S) .... . I8 6 ...... ... .............................................................. ICMsPe quennucmeebr (.S.I.) .......................................1..68 .............................. TCPa cknogwmleenndutm ebr( A) . . ...1 68 ............................................................. TCPfl ag(sF. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TCPR STd atcah eck(sRuD.m) . ......................................................1..7.8.. ......... IPt ypoefs erv(iTcOe.S ).. ..........................................................1..78. ............... IPt ypoefs ervfoirc eI CMP resp.on.s.e..s.. ..(..T..O...S....I..).. .......1..78.. ............... IPt otlaeln (gItPh.L .). .....................1.88. .......................................................... Unuspeodru tne rachfiaeblled enr(ooU nNz.). ......................................1.8.8 .......... ReturpnreoIdbP te o tlaeln vgatlh(u ReI P.L.). .............1.88 .................................... ReturpnreoIdbP e vIaDl ue .(.R.I.D.). ..........................1..8.8. .............................. Itnegroifrt eyt uprrnoeIbdPce h eckvsaul(muR eI PC.K.). ........1.88. ........................ Inteogfrr iettuyr neUdD Plp ernoagbnetcd hh eck(sRuUmaL n d RU.C.K.). .1.88. ....... Inetgroifrt eyt uUrDnPed da t(aR UD.). ............................1..88. ........................... ICMP recsopdo(enC sD.e). .......................................1..98.. ............................... Vil IPd atlae nfogrtI hC MrPe spo(nDsLeIs) .. .. 198 ..................................................... 8..F4 ingreirnptMeitnhgAo vdiosd ebdyN map . .. . 198 ............................................................. 8.14P..a ssFiivneg netriprnig . ...... 198 ............................................................... ............ 8.4E.x2p.lC ohirto nology . . . . 109 ................................................................................. 8.4R.e3at.nr smiTsismi.eos.n . .........................................1.0..9. .................................. 8.4I.PF4 ar.g ment.ati.on . .. 191 ................................................................................... 8.4O.p5eP.no rPta tt.e.r..n.s. . . ....... ..... 191 .. ....... ............................... .. ........ ................ 8.U5n.d erstaanNn mdaiFpni gn greirnpt . ... 191 ..................................................................... 8.15D..e codtihSneug jb eFcitn geFropmrraitn .t ............ 129 ................. ....... . . ................. Deciondtgh SeC ANl ionfaes ujbeficngte rnptr i. ..... .. 139 ................. . ..................... 8.5D.e2cd.oi ntghR ee fenrceFei enrgpnrtFio mra.t.. .. .. .. . .. 149 ........ ..... ............................ Fere-foOrSmd escr(iFpitnigoenlr ipnrei).n t . ... ........ 159 .................. ......... . ............ DeviceO Sc alnads si(fiCclalatisinsoe .ns. ). ..... ..... 169 ............. . . ....... .................... Tesetx psrieos.n s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.O6S.M atchAilnggo rith.m.s.. . . ..... .. 189 ......... . ................................................... . ............. 8..D7 ealinMgi swiifidteehadn n tUdin idenHtoisfitesd ... . .... 199 ................ ............. ................. 8..71Wh.e n NGmuaeps Wsrenosg. . . .. . . ... 200 ............. ................. ................................. 8.7W.h2e.Nn m aFpai ltsoF inMda taac nhPd r ianF tisn ger.p.ri.n.t 201 . ............................ 8..73M.o diftyhinenm ga p-oDsa-tdabbY aousres e..l..f . ..... 202 . . . .................... ................. 8.S8O.L UTIDOeNt:e ct WiRorgeuAlece csesPs oisn otnsa nE nterNpertiwsoer k .2 02 ................. 8..81Po.rb lem ......... .... ...... . .202 .............. . . . . ......... . .......... . . . .................................... .. 88..S2o.l ution ........................ ... . . . 202 ...................... . . ... . . . . . . . ....... ............................. 8..83W.AP C haracter.i.s..t..i..c...s. ....... .. . 203 ....... .. .... ........ . ....................................... 9.N maSpc ripEtnigni.gn e.. ..... . . ....205 ....... .. . .......................................................................... ... 9.I1nr.to duction ......................... .. .205 .............................. ... . . .... . ...... ... ............................ . 9.U2s.a geE xaanmdp .l.es.. . ................. .2 06 .... ............. . ... . ................................................. 9.12S..c rCiaptte go..r.i.e..s. . ... .. ..2 07 . . . . ... . ......... ........................................................ 9.2C.o2m.m andA-rgluimneen t.s . ... 209 ...................................................................... 9.2A.rg3u.m etnoSt csr i.p.t.s. ... . .....2 10 . .... .. ... ............................................................ 9.2U.s4a.Eg xea mp.le.s. . . . ............. 210 ....................................................... . . . ....... ..... 9.S3c.r Fioprtm .a.t. ... . .. ... . . . ... .211 . . . .... . ................. . .......................................................... 93..dle.s criFipetlido.. n.. ..... . . .....2 11 ...... . . ...... . ......................................................... . 9.3c.a2t.e gFoirei.leds . ........... . . 211 . ............. ..... . . ...................................................... 9.3a.u3t.hF oierl .d. ............ .....2 11 ..... . . ... . ................................................................ 9.3l.i4c.eF niseel d. ................... . . .211 ... . . . . . . ...... .................................................. ..... 9.3r.u5n.l Feivee.ll.d. . .. ... . . . .........2 11 . . . . . . ........ ....................................................... ... 9.3P.o6ra.tn H do sRtu le.s .... . . ......2..1. 2. . ....... . . ........................................................ . 9.3A.c7t.i on . .. .. . ...... .. 212 ...................................... ...................................... . ........... 9.S4c.r Liapnutga ge ............ . 212 ...................................................................... . . . . ............. 9.14L..u Baa sLea nugage . ............ 212 ......................................................... . .............. 9.N5S.E S cri..p.t.s. .. . ....213 . . . .... . ..................................................................................... 9.N6S.E L ibra..r.i.e.s. . . . ....... 236 . . .... .................................................................... .... . ....... 9.16L..i st Loifb rAalrli e.s . . ..... 236 ...................................................................... ....... 9.6A.d2d.iC n Mgo dutloNe sse .li..b. .. .. . ....2 37 ....... ..................................................... 9.N7m.a ApP I 239 ........................................................................................................... 9..71I.nfo rmaPtaisostneo dS car ipt. .. ........ .239 .............................................. . . . .......... 9.7N.e2t.w o1r1Ak0P I . .... ....... .. 241 .................................................... ...... ................ Connect-nsettywl1oe/r 0k .......... ....... 241 ................................... .... ..... . .... .. ........ Rawp ackneett w1/o0r .k ...... . . . 242 . ......... . .......................................................... viii 9.7T.h3r.eM audt ex.e.s... .................. . 243 . . . . . . . . . .................................................... ..... 9.7.4. HEaxncedpl..ti.ino.g.n. . .............. . 244 . ..... . . . . ..................................................... 9.7T.h5Re. e gi.st.r..y. . . ........... .2 45 ...... ........................................................ . . . . . . . ...... 9.S8c.r Wirpitt iTuntgo r.i.al . ........... 245 . ........................................................... . . . . . ............ 9..81Th.eH ea.d. ............................................2.4.5. ................................................. 9.8T.h2Re. u l.e.. ........................ ..2 46 . . . . . .... .... . . . . . . ................................................... 9.8T.h3Me.e chan.i.sm. ................... 247 ... ..... . . . . ........................................................ 9.W9r.i tiSncgrD iopctu men(tNaStEiDoonc ). ... .......................248 .............. . .......... . . . . . . .. .... . . 9.9N.S1ED. o cumenTtagast io.n. .....................................2.5 0 ............. ... ... . . . . ... . ..... . . . . . 9.1Ve0r.s iDoentt eicUosni NnSgE . ....................................2..5..1.. ................... .................. 9.I.1E xamSpclrei fipngte:r ...n..s....e... .......................................................... .............2. 5.3. 9.1I2m.p lemeDnetataitliso n . . ...................... 254 .......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 9.11I.2n .itaitaiPlohinaz .s..e.. .....................................2.5.4. ... . . . .. . . ... . ......................... 9.21.M2a.ct hiSncgr iwpittTsahr ge.t..s.. ................................2.5.5 . . . . . ... . . . . . . .... ........ . .... 9..13S2.c rEixpetc u.ti.o.n. ........................................ 255 . ..... .. ... ..... . . . . . ... .. ........... . . .... 10D.e ctetingS ubavrnetdiF nigra elwalnsId n trDuestieocnSt yisotne ms . 257 ....................................... JO.II.nr dtouct..i...o..n.. ........................................................................................2.....5.. 7 10.W2hy.W oulEdt hiPcraolfe ss(iWohniatlesE- vheDarotT sh)i s? ...2 57 .................................. 10.D3et.e irnming lRFliu rleewsa ....258 .............................................................................. . 1.03S.t1a.n dSaYrNSd c an . . 258 ................................................................................. Sneafikryea wltlhsra ett RuSrTn 259 .................................................................... 10.A3C.K2 S.c an 260 ............................................................................................... 10.I3P. 3TI.riD c ks . :2 62 ........................................................................................... 10.U3D.P4V .eir soSnc annin.g . ... .. . 264 ....................................................................... 10.B4y.p asFsiirnegRw uallels 265 ...................................................................................... 10.E4x.o1St.ic caF nl ags . . 265 .................................................................................... 10.S4o.cu2er.P o rMta nipul.a.t.i..o..n.... ................................ ...266 . . . . ... . . . . . . .... ... . ..... . .. 10.14P.v3A6.t ta.c..k.s.. .........................................................2..6 .7. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ........ . . . 10.I4P. 4II.dD Sl cea nn.i..n..g .............. ...... 269 .......... ............ .................................. .. 10.M4u.l5t.Pi ipnPlgre o b.e.s. ............. .........................269 . . ... . . ... . . . . . ..... . . . .... . . . . . . . . . ... . 10.F4r.ma6ge.n ta.t.i.o.n.. ...............................................269 . .. . . ...... ... ... . . . . . . .... . . . . . ..... 1.04P.r7oi.xe s ............................ ..270 ................ ..... ...... . ... .................................. ..... 10.4MA.C8 A.d dreSsps oofing.. ........................................................................... 270 10.S4ou.r9c.Re o ut.i.n..g .... ............ ........... 271 . ..... ............ . . ......................... . . . .......... 10.4FT.P1 B0o.u nSccea .n. .... ....... .............2.72 . . . . .......... . . .......................... . . . ............ 10..114T.a kaenA lterPnaatt..hi ve ................... 272 . ................ . . ..................... . . . ............ 104..1A2 P.rta iccRae-lal leEi xfamplFeiw raoelSflu bve.r.s.i.o.n ...... .272 . . .................... ... 10.S5ub.tv ieInrngt rDuestieocnSt yisotne m.s.. ..:. ...........................2..7.6.. ................ ...... . ..... 105..I1n.t rDuestieocnSt yisotDnee mt ection .... ..... 276 .......................................... . . ....... Reveprrsoeb. .e.s ...... ............ ... 276 . . ..................... . ............. . . . . .......................... Suddefinr elwclah anagneds susppaicckieotus..s . ... . ...... 277 .......... . . ............... . . ...... Namicnogn ventio.n..s. ... ..... ..... ... 277 ............ ............ ............... . . . ...................... UnexplTaILi jnuemd.p .s. ..... ...... ....... ... 278 . . . ........... . ........... . ............................ 10.A5vo.i2d.Ii nntgr uDestiteoicnSo yns te.m..s ...............279 .. ........... . ............... ............ Slwo down ..... ..... .... ....... ...28.0 ............... . . .......................... ................ . . ........... Scatptreorba ecsr noestsw orrakttshh easrnc anhnoisnctgos n seecl.uy.t. iv .2.8 2 . .......... Frmagenpta ckets ............... . .. ..2.82 ................. ......... ............. . .............. ........ ..... Evadespe cificr ul.e..s.. ................................................................................ 283 Aviode asdieltye Ncmtaefepda tu.r.es. ...... .. .. ...284 ...... . ...... ................................ .. ix 10.M5i.s3l.e IandrtiunsDigeo tnte icon S.y...s...t....e...m...s.. ...................................2..8 4 Decoys. .. . 284 .................................................................................................. Porstc asnp oo.f..i...n....g... ..........................................................................2 86 Idslcea ..n.. ............................................................................................2..8. 6 DNSp rxoyi.n....g... ..................................................................................2..8 6 10.D5o.SA4 t.t aAcgkasiR nesatc Styisvte.e ..m...s.. ..................................................2 87 10.E5x.p5l.o Iinttirnugs ionS yDset.te..em..c.s.t. ....i...o.....n.. ..............................2...8..8 10..6I5.g noIrnritunsgDi eotne cStyisotne ms . 288 ........................................................... 10.D6e.tte icPnagc kFeotr gbeyFr iyr eawnaIdlnr ltu sDieotne cStyisotn.e .m.s .........2..8..9. .......... 101.L.6o. ok forC oTnsIstLie .n..c....y.. .........................................................2 ...8..9.. . 10.6.2f.oI rPIL Doa onSkde quenceC oNnussmtibeenrc y ..2 90 ........................................ 10.T6h.Be3 o.g TuCsP C heckTsriucm.k. .. ............................................................2 .91 10.R6o.u4n.d Tri...p.. ....T....i..m..e..s.. ................................................................2 92 10.C6l.o5As.ne a loyfsP aicsk Heeta daenrCdso nten.ts . 293 ........................................... . 10.U6n.u6s.Nu eatlw Uornki forym it .. .. . . . 293 .......................... .................................... .. 1.1D efensAegsa iNnmsat.p. . ................................................................................................2 95 II .I Inr.to duc..t..i..o....n.... ..........................................................................................2 95 121.S.c aPnr oactTihveCenll oyos,rBe ol cPko ratnsFd i Vxu lrnbaeiileist. .. .. 295 .... ..................... 1.13B.lc oka nd SNlmoawwp i tFhi rlelw...as.. ...............................................................2..9 6 1.41.D eteNcmtaS pc a.n..s... ......................................................................................2..9 7 1.15C.el veTrri cker.y . . . 298 ............................................................................................... . 1.151H..i diSnegr voincO ebssu crPeo rt..s . 299 ... ........................................................ ... 1.512..P orKtn ock..i..n..g...... ..............................................................................3 00 151..H3o.n eyapnoHdto sn ey.n...e..t..s... ...............................................................3. 0I 1.51.O4S.S poofing.. ... . . . 302 ................ ..................................................................... 1.51.T5a.Pr i .t..s... .............................................................................................. 303 1.51.R6e.a cPtoirvStec aDne tec...t...i..o...n.... .......................................................3. 04 11.E5s.c7a.l Aartmisn gR. a.ce . . ... .. 304 . ...................................................................... 12Z.e nmGaUpIU seGrusi' de . . . .. . 307 ......................................................................................... 12I.n1rto.ud ct.i..o....n... .........................................................................................3..0..7. 12..lT1h.Pe u rpoofasG er aphFirncotaelfon rdN ma.p.. .......................................... .3. 07 1.22S.c anning 308 ............................................................................................................ 1.221P..r olfie..s.. .............................................................................................3..0. 9 1.22.S2ca.An g grteig.o.a.n... ...............................................................................3. 09 12.I3ne.tre ptriSncgaR ne sults . . . 311 ................................................................................... 1.2.31Sc.a Rnes ulTatbss.. . . 311 .................................................................................. ThNem aOpu tptuat.b . . . 312 . ............................................................................. ThPeo rItH so sttas.b. .. ...............................................................................3 12 ThTeo polotga.yb.. . ...................................................................................3. 13 ThHeo sDtea titlas.b. .. ...........................................................................3..1...4 ThSec ans. t.a.b .. . . 315 . ..................................................................................... 1.23.2. bSyHo ors.t.t..i. .n....g... ......................................................................3..1...5 1.23S.o3r.t iSnegr vb..i.y.c. ...e... ......................................................................3...1. 6 1.24S.a viannLgdo dainSgc aRne sults .. 316 ......................................................................... 1.2.41Th.Re e ceSnctaD nast abase .. . . . 317 .................................................................... 1.25S.u rfitnhNgee twToorpko lo...g..y... ....................................................................... 317 1.251A..n O vervoifte hwTeo p oloTgayb . . ... . 318 .................................................. ........ 1.25L.e2g.e ..n..d.. ..............................................................................................3 18 1.25C.o3n.t .r..o..l....s.... ..................................................................................... 319 x

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