Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria and Their Applications in Nitrogen Oxides Emission Mitigation

142 Pages·2019·2.85 MB·English

by  Maosheng Zheng

Springer Theses
Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
Maosheng Zheng

Nitrogen Removal
Characteristics of
Aerobic Denitrifying
Bacteria and Their
Applications in
Nitrogen Oxides
Emission Mitigation
Springer Theses
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Maosheng Zheng Jinren Ni
Nitrogen Removal
Characteristics of Aerobic
Denitrifying Bacteria and
Their Applications in
Nitrogen Oxides Emission
Mitigation
Doctoral Thesis accepted by
Peking Univerisity, Beijing, China
Author Supervisor
Dr.MaoshengZheng Prof.JinrenNi
CollegeofEnvironmentalScience CollegeofEnvironmentalSciences
andEngineering,MOEKeyLaboratory andEngineering,MOEKey
ofResourcesandEnvironmentalSystems LaboratoryofWaterandSediment
Optimization Sciences,MinistryofEducation
NorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity PekingUniversity
Beijing,China Beijing,China
ISSN2190-5053 ISSN2190-5061 (electronic)
SpringerTheses
ISBN978-981-13-2431-4 ISBN978-981-13-2432-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2432-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018956284
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
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’
Supervisor s Foreword
Aerobic denitrification has received extensive attentions in recent years as an
efficient biological nitrogen removal technology. However, most aerobic
denitrifyingbacteriaproducedN OinsteadofN asthefinaldenitrificationproduct,
2 2
which impaired their potential applications in wastewater treatment. In this thesis
study, Dr. Maosheng Zheng has systematically investigated the nitrogen removal
characteristicsoftwoscreenedaerobicdenitrifyingbacteriaandtheirapplicationsin
nitrogenoxidesemissionreduction.ItwaswelldemonstratedthatstrainPseudomo-
nas stutzeri PCN-1 possessed excellent capacity of aerobic nitrogen removal
whether nitrate, nitrite, or N O were taken as denitrification substrates. RT-PCR
2
analysis revealed that the coordinate expression of denitrification genes was the
fundamental reason for rapid N O reduction. Bioaugmentation experiments
2
conductedin denitrifying SBR and pilot-scale Carrouseloxidationditchconfirmed
the strain could significantly enhance denitrification performance, reduce N O
2
emission and improve system stability. Strain P. aeruginosa PCN-2 accumulated
negligibleNOduringaerobicnitrateandnitriteremoval.Abiotricklingfilterestab-
lishwiththestrainachievedNOremovalefficiencyof91.94–96.74%fromfluegas
atinletO concentration0–10%andNOconcentration100–500ppm.Thisstudyis
2
ofgreat significance inpotential applicationofaerobicdenitrification inmitigating
nitrogenoxidesemissionfrombiologicalnitrogenremovalsystem.
Beijing JinrenNi
June2018
v
Parts of This Thesis Have Been Published in the
Following Journal Articles
Zheng M., Li C., Liu S., Gui M., Ni J. 2016. Potential application of aerobic
denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PCN-2 in nitrogen oxides
(NOx)removalfromfluegas.JournalofHazardousMaterials,318,571–578.
ZhengM.S.,HeD.,MaT.,ChenQ.,LiuS.T.,AhmadM.,GuiM.Y.,NiJ.R.*2014.
ReducingNOandN Oemissionduringaerobicdenitrificationbynewlyisolated
2
PseudomonasstutzeriPCN-1.BioresourceTechnology162,80–88.
ZhengM.S.,TianY.H.,LiuT.,MaT.,LiL.,LiC.,AhmadM.,ChenQ.,NiJ.R.*
2015. Minimization of nitrous oxide emission in a pilot-scale oxidation ditch:
generation, spatial variation and microbial interpretation. Bioresource Technol-
ogy179,510–517.
vii
Acknowledgments
Fiveyearsofdoctoraltimeflashedby,andtwentyyearsofstudentcareerwouldsoon
come to an end. In the most important five years of my life, there have been
confusions and hesitations, pessimisms and losses, but more was the struggle,
harvest, and growth. Upon the completion of this thesis, I would like to express
myheartfeltthankstoallmyteachersandfriendsfortheirguidanceandcare.
First of all, I would thank my supervisor, Professor Ni Jinren. This thesis was
completedunderhisprofessionalandpatientguidance.Inparticular,hispassionin
academicresearchandprofoundattainmentsimpressedandbenefitedmegreatlyand
wouldcontinuetoencourageandguidemetobeapotentialscientist.
Second, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Professor Meiping Tong,
Zhengfang Ye, Tianhong Li, Weiling Sun, Sitong Liu, Huazhang Zhao, and Chen
QianfromtheDepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering.Theirsuggestionsprovide
agreathelpformetofinishmydoctoralresearch.ThankXiaopingDing,LifangYe,
Guiping Zhu,andFenyong Zhao from Langfang laboratory for giving theenthusi-
asticexperimentalhelp.ThankFeifeiZhang,DongkangFu,BaogangZhang,Shuo
Yao,XuanXing,LinaPang,andLiLei,whohavegivenmealotofguidanceand
encouragement to avoid detours. I would like to thank Tao Ma, Tang Liu, Yuhao
Tian,ShuangyueZhu,LiLi,MengyaoGui,ChenyuanDang,andShufengLiuinthe
laboratoryforthehelpandsupport.
Third,Iwouldexpressmythankstomyparentswhogivemethelifeandhealthy
body,thespiritualsupportandtheencouragement.Ihopetheprogressachievedin
mylongschoolcareercangivethemsomecomfort.
Atlast,IwouldthankmygirlfriendShuoXufortheunderstandingandsupportto
my research. I spent one third of my life full of colorful happiness because of her
company.Ibelieveallourgoodwisheswillcometrueinthenearfuture,justlikethe
ix
x Acknowledgments
appointment to go to Peking University together made by the two ingenuous
undergraduatestudentsthatyear.
I dedicate this to all the teachers, students, relatives, and friends who care and
supportme!
Beijing MaoshengZheng
April2015
Abstract
With the deeper understanding of nitrogen pollution in water, stricter wastewater
discharge standards were enacted, which put forward a higher requirement on
biological nitrogen removal (BNR) technologies. Aerobic denitrification was a
new type of BNR technology, which has achieved rapid development in recent
yearsduetoitsadvantagesofsimpleprocess,highefficiency,andnoneedingtoadd
acidoralkali.However,mostaerobicdenitrifyingbacteriaproducedN Oratherthan
2
N asthefinaldenitrificationproductduetothesensitivityofN OreductasetoO ,
2 2 2
which puts forward new challenges in the control of greenhouse gas emission like
N Ofromwastewatertreatmentprocess.
2
In this study, the characteristics of aerobic denitrification and nitrogen oxides
reduction were systematically investigated based on two screened aerobic
denitrifying bacterial strains, Pseudomonas stutzeri PCN-1 and Pseudomonas
aeruginosaPCN-2.
Strain P. stutzeri PCN-1 possessed excellent capacity of aerobic denitrification
andN Oreduction.Nitrogenremovalratesof11.66,12.80,and9.67mgL-1h-1were
2
achievedbystrainPCN-1whennitrate,nitrite,andN Oweretakenasdenitrification
2
substrates,respectively.Moreover,themaximalNOandN Oaccumulationwereas
2
low as 0.003% and 0.33% of removed NO -N or 0.006% and 0.29% of reduced
3
NO -N, demonstrating the strain could perform rapid N O reduction to N during
2 2 2
aerobicdenitrification.ReversetranscriptionquantitativePCRanalysisrevealedthat
the coordinate expression of denitrification genes nirS, cnorB, and nosZ was the
fundamentalreasonforlowNOandN Oaccumulation.Theoptimalconditionsfor
2
the highest denitrifying rate and lowest NO and N O accumulation were achieved
2
with succinate or acetate as carbon source, pH 7–9, and C/N 4–6. The normal
denitrification and N O reduction under 0–100% O indicated the strain’s strong
2 2
tolerancetohighO concentrations.
2
StrainP.stutzeriPCN-1couldsignificantlyenhancedenitrificationperformance,
reduce NO and N O emission, and improve stability of activated sludge systems.
2
First,whenitwasinoculatedintoactivatedsludgeinshakingflask,aerobicnitrogen
removalperformancesofthesystemweresignificantlyimprovedandNOandN O
2
xi