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Nitrogen Acquisition and Assimilation in Higher Plants PDF

303 Pages·2004·2.87 MB·English
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NITROGEN ACQUISITION AND ASSIMILATION IN HIGHER PLANTS Plant Ecophysiology Volume 3 Series Editors: Luit J. De Kok and Ineke Stulen University of Groningen The Netherlands Aims & Scope: The Kluwer Handbook Series of Plant Ecophysiology comprises a series of books that deals with the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on plant functioning and physiological adaptation to the environment. The aim of the Plant Ecophysiology series is to review and integrate the present knowledge on the impact of the environment on plant functioning and adaptation at various levels of integration: from the molecular, biochemical, physiological to a whole plant level. This Handbook series is of interest to scientists who like to be informed of new developments and insights in plant ecophysiology, and can be used as advanced textbooks for biology students. The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Nitrogen Acquisition and Assimilation in Higher Plants Edited by Sara Amâncio Technical University of Lisbon Portugal and Ineke Stulen University of Groningen The Netherlands KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 1-4020-2727-3 (HB) ISBN 1-4020-2728-1 (e-book) Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AHDordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper Cover illustrations: Lower left corner: Part of a model on the localisation and regulation of the processes of uptake of nitrate in the root plasmalemma. A, amino acids; E, nitrate efflux; I, nitrate influx (Margreet ter Steege, University of Groningen, The Netherlands). Middle: An agro-ecosystem near Groningen, The Netherlands (Ineke Stulen). Upper right corner: Part of in vivo 15N-NMR spectra of root apices perfused with 15NH NO . GLN, glutamine; ALA, alanine; GLU, 4 3 glutamate (Sara Amâncio, Technical University of Lisbon; Helena Santos, ITQB, Oeiras, Portugal; figure by Belmiro J. Vilela, Lisbon). Indexing: Daniël J.A. De Kok (Groningen) Technical editing of the figures: Dick Visser (Groningen) All Rights Reserved ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands. Dedicated to our friend and colleague Wolfram Ullrich We are grateful to the contributing authors for the time and effort spent in writing their chapters. Contents Contributors xi Preface xiii 1. Nitrate uptake by roots - transporters and root development Bruno Touraine 1 2. Metabolic regulation of ammonium uptake and assimilation Tomoyuki Yamaya and Ann Oaks 35 3. Atmospheric nitrogen - pollutant or fertiliser? Lucy J. Sheppard and Håkan Wallander 65 4. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation Javier Ramos and Ton Bisseling 99 5. Nitrogen metabolism and plant adaptation to the environment - the scope for process-based modelling Marcel van Oijen and Peter Levy 133 6. Light regulation of nitrate uptake, assimilation and metabolism Cathrine Lillo 149 7. Modulation of nitrate reduction - environmental and internal factors involved Werner M. Kaiser, Elisabeth Planchet, Maria Stoimenova and Matasoshi Sonoda 185 8. Integrated molecular analysis of the polyamine pathway in abiotic stress signalling Alejandro Ferrando, Pedro Carrasco, Juan Cruz Cuevas, Teresa Altabella and Antonio F. Tiburcio 207 9. Significance of secondary nitrogen metabolites for food quality Silvia Haneklaus and Ewald Schnug 231 10. Biotechnology of nitrogen acquisition in rice - implications for food security Dev T. Britto and Herbert J. Kronzucker 261 Index 283 ix Contributors Teresa Altabella Laboratori de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Ton Bisseling Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wageningen, Dreijenlaan 3,6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands Dev T. Britto Division of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, MiC 1A4 Canada Pedro Carrasco Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain Juan Cruz Cuevas Laboratori de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Alejandro Ferrando Laboratori de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Silvia Haneklaus Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany Werner M. Kaiser Julius von Sachs Institute of Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany Herbert J. Kronzucker Division of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, MiC 1A4 Canada Peter Levy CEH - Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland Cathrine Lillo School of Technology and Science, Stavanger University College, Box 8002, 4068 Stavanger, Norway xi xii Ann Oaks Suite 1604, 685 Woolwich Street, Guelph, Ontario, N1H 8M6, Canada Elisabeth Planchet Julius von Sachs Institute of Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany Javier Ramos Departamento de Nutricíon Vegetal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Apdo 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain Ewald Schnug Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany Lucy J. Sheppard CEH - Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland Matasoshi Sonoda Julius von Sachs Institute of Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany Maria Stoimenova Julius von Sachs Institute of Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany Antonio F. Tiburcio Laboratori de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Bruno Touraine UMR 113, Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Université Montpellier 2, CC 002, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Marcel van Oijen CEH - Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland Håkan Wallander Department of Microbial Ecology, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Tomoyuki Yamaya Graduate School of Agricultural Science,Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamacha, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-855, Japan Preface Nitrogen Acquisition and Assimilation in Higher Plants is the third volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. The main aim of this volume is to integrate different research approaches for a better understanding of the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by environmental signals. The book is divided into three parts. Chapters 1-5 mainly deal with the processes involved, while chapters 6-8 are more focussed on regulatory aspects. The significance of nitrogen metabolism for food quality and security is the topic of chapters 9 and 10. Nitrogen can be acquired by plant roots as nitrate (chapter 1) or ammonium (chapter 2). In both chapters the physiology and molecular biology of the uptake processes and regulation of its transporters are addressed. Chapter 1 also deals with the effect of nitrate in the environment on root development, and chapter 2 with the metabolic regulation of the assimilation of ammonium, including gene manipulation. Plants can acquire atmospheric nitrogen as well, from nitrogenous air pollutants (chapter 3) or by N fixation (chapter 4). Whether atmospheric 2 nitrogen is a pollutant or a fertiliser is the main topic of chapter 3. Chapter 4 stresses the importance of N fixation, and deals with the latest developments in 2 the cloning of genes involved in the legume-Rhizobium interaction. To what extent modelling can help in understanding the role of nitrogen metabolism in plant adaptation to the environment is the topic of chapter 5. The role of light in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in nitrate uptake, reduction and assimilation is reviewed in chapter 6. Chapter 7 reviews the modulation of nitrate reductase activity by environmental and internal signals, and its effect on the production of NO. Chapter 8 deals with the metabolic pathway of polyamines, molecules involved in abiotic stress signalling, and includes advanced genomic and proteomic approaches. Chapter 9 is focussed on the significance of secondary nitrogen compounds for food quality. Chapter 10 highlights the implementation of conventional and recombinant-DNA breeding methods to increase both yield and agronomic N- use efficiency of rice, the most important cereal for human nutrition. This volume is of interest for advanced students and junior researchers, and provides comprehensive information and the latest developments for scientists working in the field of nitrogen metabolism and readers interested in sustainable development. Sara Amâncio Ineke Stulen xiii

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Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth. During the green revolution nitrogenfertilisation was responsible for spectacular yield increases. At present yield is balanced with commitments towards the environment and sustainable agriculture. For agro-biotechnology comprehensive knowledge of p
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