Nitric Oxide in Transplant Rejection and Anti-Tumor Defense

376 Pages·1998·14.811 MB·English

by  Yann A. Henry, Annie Guissani (auth.), Stanislaw Lukiewicz, Jay L. Zweier (eds.)

NITRIC OXIDE IN
TRANSPLANT REJECTION
AND ANTI-TUMOR DEFENSE
NITRIC OXIDE IN
TRANSPLANT REJECTION
AND ANTI-TUMOR DEFENSE
edited by
Stanislaw Lukiewicz
The Jagiellonian University
and
Jay L. Zweier
Jo hns Hopkins University School of Medicine
~.
"
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
ISBN 978-1-4613-7311-7 ISBN 978-1-4615-5081-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5081-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available
from the Library of Congress.
Copyright © 1998 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1998
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo
copying, record ing, or otherwise, without the prior written permis sion of the
publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Printed an acid-free paper.
CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT xiii
Part I
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING AS RESEARCH TOOLS
1 EPR DETECTION OF NITROSYLATED COMPOUNDS:
INTRODUCTION WITH SOME HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND (Y Henry and A. Guissanij
Sources of Nitric Oxide 3
Paramagnetism of NO and of Nitro sylat ed Metals 7
Spin-Trapping Methods 15
Comparative Quantification Methods of Nitric Oxide 17
Conclusion 19
REFERENCES 20
2 PRINCIPLES OF EPR SPECTROSCOPY FOR
MEASUREMENT OF FREE RADICALS IN BIOLOGICAL
TISSUES (JL. Zweier and P. Kuppusamy)
Introduction 37
Background 38
Conclusion 47
REFERENCES 47
3 EPR STUDIES AND BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
OF NITROSYL NONHEME IRON COMPLEXES
(A.N. Vanin and A.L. Kleschyov)
Introduction 49
DNIC in Cells and Tissues 50
Fe-Dithiocarbamates as NO Traps 60
Biological Activity of Model DNIC 70
Conclusion 71
REFERENCES 72
VI
4 ENZYME INDEPENDENT FORMATION OF NITRIC OXIDE
IN TISSUES (J.L. Zweier, A.Samouilov and P. Kuppusamy)
Introduction 83
EPR Measurement of Nitric Oxide 84
Isotope Tracer Measurements ofNitrix Oxide Formation 86
Measurement of Nitrite in Heart Tissue 87
Correlation ofIntracellular Ph and Nitrix Oxide Formation 88
Role ofNitrix Oxide Generation in Functional Injury 89
Conclusion 91
REFERENCES 92
5 SPIN-LABEL NO-ME TRY IN LIPID BILAYER MEMBRANES
(W. K. Subczynski and J.s. Hyde)
Introduction 95
Experimental Approaches 97
Nitric Oxide Transport in Membranes 100
Conclusion 105
REFERENCES 105
6 EPR IMAGING OF FREE RADICALS IN BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS (P. Kuppusamy and J.L. Zweier)
Introduction 109
Principle 110
NMR Imaging vs EPR Imaging 110
Spatial and Spectral-spatial Imaging 111
Low-Frequency EPR Imaging Instrumentation 111
Resonators for EPR Imaging 112
Imaging of Biological Samples 112
3D Spectra-Spatial Imaging 113
3D Spatial Imaging 114
Gated 3D Spatial Imaging 115
Conclusion 116
REFERENCES 117
7 ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
OF NITRIC OXIDE IN TISSUES (P. Kuppusamy, s.P. Ohnishi
and J.L. Zweier)
Introduction 119
EPR Imaging Methodology 121
Imaging of Nitric Oxide 123
Analysis ofImages of Nitric Oxide 129
Conclusion 132
REFERENCES 132
vii
Part II
ALLO- AND XENOGRAFT REJECTION
8 ALLOGRAFT REJECTION: FACT AND FANCY
(J. W Kupiec-Weglinski)
Introduction 137
Patterns of Rejection 138
Graft Immunogenicity 139
The Systemic Nature of Allograft Rejection 140
Cellular Effector Activity 141
Mediators 142
Return to Immunological Homeostasis 142
Conclusion 143
REFERENCES 143
9 IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTS: SPECIFIC AND
NONSPECIFIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ALLOGRAFT
REJECTION (SM Stepkowski)
Introduction 145
Specific Mechanisms Involved in Response to Alloantigens 146
Nonspecific Mechanisms Involved in Organ Transplant Damage 147
Prevention of Allograft Damage Inflicted by NO and Free Radicals 150
Effect of Modalities Blocking Adhesion Molecule
Expression on IschemiclReperfusion Injury 151
Conclusion 153
REFERENCES 153
10 ANIMAL EPR STUDIES ON ALLO- AND XENOGRAFT
REJECTION (S Lukiewicz, P. Plonka, B. Plonka, J. Raczek,
S Pajak and K. Cieszka)
Introduction 157
Historical Background 159
Kinetic EPR Approach to Transplant Rejection 160
Experimental Models in Transplantological EPR Studies 168
Conclusion 179
REFERENCES 181
11 NITRIC OXIDE EFFECTS ON MURINE CARDIAC
ALLOGRAFTS (N.R. Bastian, MJ.P. Foster, Y. Lu, J. Shelby
and J.B. Hibbs, Jr)
Introduction 189
EPR Studies of Cardiac Allograft Rejection in a Murine Model 190
Vlll
The Origin of Heme-Nitrosyl EPR Signals 195
Conclusion 200
REFERENCES 200
12 ACCELARATED REJECTION OF CARDIAC ALLO- AND
XENOGRAFTS IN PRE-SENSITIZED RATS AND GERBILS
(P. Plonka, B. Plonka, M Drzewinska and S. Pajak)
Introduction 205
EPR Experimental Studies on Allo-and Xenograft Rejection 206
Conclusion 210
REFERENCES 211
13 INVOLVEMENT OF NITRIC OXIDE IN AMPHIBIAN
TRANSPLANTA TION IMMUNITY (A. Jozkowicz and B. Plytycz)
Introduction 213
NO Involvement in Mammalian Transplantation Immunity 214
Amphibian Model of Transplantation Immunity 214
Conclusion 222
REFERENCES 222
PART III
ANTITUMOR IMMUNE RESPONSES
14 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CYTOKINE INDUCED NITRIC
OXIDE AND INTRACELLULAR IRON (JB. Hibbs, Jr
and NR. Bastian) 229
Conclusion 233
REFERENCES 234
15 MOLECULES INVOLVED IN THE RECRUITMENT AND
REGULA TION OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES
(s. Sozzani, P. Allavena and A. Mantovani)
Introduction 239
MCP-I, A Tumor-Derived Chemotactic Cytokine 240
Tumor Cells as a Source of Chemokines In Vivo 241
Signal Transduction 242
Spectrum of Action 244
Role in Pathology 246
Conclusion 246
REFERENCES 246
ix
16 THE ROLE OF MACROPHAGE-DERIVED NITRIC OXIDE
IN TUMOR CELL DEATH (JS Reichner and JE. Albina)
Introduction 253
The Macrophage as an Antitumor Effector Cell: A Historical Overview 253
Macrophage-Derived NO as a Mediator of Tumor Killing and Cytostasis 254
The Selective Nature of NO-Dependent Tumor Killing 257
Conclusion 262
REFERENCES 262
17 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE MACROPHAGE
NOS2 GENE (Ch. Goldring, S Reveneau and J-F. Jeannin)
Introduction 267
Experimental analysis ofNOS2 Transcription 269
Conclusion 274
REFERENCES 275
18 INFECTION, INFLAMMATION AND CANCER MEDIATED
BY OXYGEN RADICALS AND NITRIC OXIDE
(H. Maeda and T. Akaike)
Introduction 277
Virus Infections and Free Radical Generation 279
Generation ofNitrix Oxide in Virus Infection 283
Bacterial Infection and Generation of Free Radicals 286
Tumor Growth Enhanced by Nitric Oxide 289
General Considerations 289
Conclusion 290
REFERENCES 291
19 INDUCTION OF IRON-NITRIC OXIDE EPR SIGNALS
IN MURINE CANCERS: EFFECTS OF THIOLS AND
CYTOKINE-INDUCED OXIDANT STRESS (N.R, Bastian,
Ch-Y Yim, J.B, Hibbs, Jr and w.E. Samlowski)
Introduction 295
Effect of IL-2 Therapy on Human Tumors 296
Effect of IL-2 Therapy on Murine Tumors 297
Effect ofBSO on Cultured Tumor Cells 305
Conclusion 308
REFERENCES 309
20 EPR ANALYSIS OF TUMOR-HOST INTERACTIONS
(P, Plonka, B. Plonka, K. Cieszka, J Raczek and'S Lukiewicz)
Introduction 313
EPR Spectra of Animal Tissues 314
Experimental Modifications of Tumor-Host Relations 318
x
Prognostic Value ofEPR Triplet Signals in Tumors 322
Conclusion 324
REFERENCES 325
21 AMBIVALENT ROLE FOR NO IN THE ANTITUMOR
IMMUNE RESPONSE (P. Lagadec, P. Lejeune, N. Onier,
D. Reisser and J-F. Jeannin)
Introduction 327
Experimental Analysis of Nitric Oxide Function in Tumor Development
and Regression 328
Working Hypothesis 337
Conclusion 338
REFERENCES 339
22 IDENTIFICATION OF NITRIC OXIDE-DERIVED EPR SIGNALS
IN HUMAN CANCERS (WE. Samlowski, 1.R. McGregor
and N.R. Bastian)
Introduction 341
Nitric Oxide Derived EPR Signals in Murine Tumors 342
EPR Analysis of Human Cancers 343
Implications of Human EPR Data 344
Conclusion 349
REFERENCES 349
23 EPR SIGNALS DETECTABLE IN HUMAN TUMORS
(s. Lukiewicz, M Elas, 1. Raczek, A. Bratasz, S. Pajak and K. Cieszka)
Introduction 353
Methodical Approaches 354
EPR Triplet Signals Detected in Human Tumors 359
EPR Signals of Ceruloplasmin and Related Compounds 362
Conclusion 368
REFERENCES 368
SUBJECT INDEX 371
PREFACE
The idea of writing this book originated from scientific discussions held during an
international workshop entitled Nitric Oxide and Immune Responses to Allografts
and Tumors which took place in December 1995 at the Institute of Molecular
Biology of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. About 20 speakers from
the United States, France, Italy, Norway and Poland and more than one hundred
attendants, selected by invitation, took part in the conference.
The workshop was organized by the two undersigned coeditors of the book. The
meeting would not have been possible without the generous support from the
State Committee of Scientific Research in Warsaw and the hospitality and
technical assistance of the Cracow University.
The conference was interdisciplinary: gathered specialists from various fields of
medicine, experimental biology, biochemistry and biophysics who deal with nitric
oxide in their research or clinical practice. It was felt by the participants that
discussions were exciting and productive, mainly because information provided
by experts in one area was usually quite new for those from other branches of
science. This was true especially in the case of methodological questions, and in
particular electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, modem
physical techniques not commonly used in immunology and oncology research.
These techniques have made a great progress in recent years and in particular are
especially useful in nitric oxide research because nitric oxide itself and its
complexes are paramagnetic and can be, as a result, detected, quantitatived, and
imaged by these techniques. A great part of the scientists in attendance,
especially those with medical or biological backgrounds, found methodological
lectures to be novel and helpful.
Another group of creative findings had their source in the interdisciplinary
comparisons of phenomena, observed at the molecular and cellular levels, when
discussing immunologic aspects of transplant rejection and of antitumor defense
reactions. Immunological mechanisms involved in this case are very similar or
identical in the biology of transplants and in oncology, which was not known or
at least was not quite clear and obvious to all the participants before the meeting.