Nilifer İlhan_CEMAL SÜREYA

598 Pages·2010·3.53 MB·Turkish

1

ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ
SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ
TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI ANABİLİM DALI

Nilüfer İLHAN

CEMAL SÜREYA
(HAYATI, EDEBÎ FİKİRLERİ ve ŞİİRİ)

DOKTORA TEZİ

TEZ YÖNETİCİSİ
Doç. Dr. Erdoğan ERBAY

ERZURUM-2010

I

İÇİNDEKİLER
ÖZET ............................................................................................................................. IX
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... X
ÖNSÖZ .......................................................................................................................... XI
KISALTMALAR ....................................................................................................... XIII
GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1

BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM .......................................................................................................... 8
1. HAYATI, DERGİCİLİĞİ ve ESERLERİ ................................................................ 8
1.1.Hayatı ..................................................................................................................... 8
1. 1. 1. Ailesi ve Çocukluğu ..................................................................................... 8
1.1.2. Öğrenimi ....................................................................................................... 11
1.1.3. Memuriyeti ................................................................................................... 13
1.1.4. Edebiyata ilgisi ............................................................................................. 16
1.1.5. Edebiyat Dünyasından Arkadaşları .............................................................. 20
1.1.6. Evlilikleri, Aşkları ve Çocukları ................................................................... 24
1.1.7.Yazma ve Çalışma Biçimi ............................................................................. 27
1.1.8. Kişiliği .......................................................................................................... 28
1.1.9. Dünya Görüşü ............................................................................................... 38
1.1.10.Ölümü .......................................................................................................... 43
1.2. Dergiciliği ............................................................................................................ 45
1.2.1. Papirüs .......................................................................................................... 48
1.2.2.Yazdığı Diğer Dergi ve Gazeteler ................................................................. 56
1.3. Eserleri ................................................................................................................. 57
1.3.1. Şiir ................................................................................................................ 57
1.3.1.1. Üvercinka .............................................................................................. 57
1.3.1.2. Göçebe ................................................................................................... 64
1.3.1.3. Beni Öp Sonra Doğur Beni .................................................................... 67
1.3.1.4. Uçurumda Açan ..................................................................................... 71
1.3.1.5. Sıcak Nal ............................................................................................... 73
1.3.1.6. Güz Bitigi .............................................................................................. 75
1.3.2. Günlük .......................................................................................................... 78
II

1.3.2.1. Günler .................................................................................................... 78
1.3.3. Deneme/Eleştiri ................................................................................................ 81
1.3.3.1. Şapkam Dolu Çiçekle ............................................................................ 81
1.3.3.2. Günübirlikler ......................................................................................... 85
1.3.3.3. Folklor Şiire Düşman ............................................................................ 88
1.3.3.4. Papirüs’ten Başyazılar ........................................................................... 89
1.3.3.5. Oluşum’da Cemal Süreya ...................................................................... 90
1.3.3.6. Aydınlık Yazıları/ Paçal ........................................................................ 91
1.3.4. Çocuk ............................................................................................................ 92
1.3.4.1. Aritmetik İyi Kuşlar Pekiyi ................................................................... 92
1.3.5.Portre ............................................................................................................. 94
1.3.5.1. 99 Yüz İzdüşümler/ Söz Senaryosu ....................................................... 94
1.3. 6. Mektup ....................................................................................................... 100
1.3.6.1.Onüç Günün Mektupları ....................................................................... 100
1.3.7. Antoloji ....................................................................................................... 103
1.3.7.1. Mülkiyeli şairler .................................................................................. 103
1.3.7.2.100 Aşk şiiri ......................................................................................... 104
1.3.8. Konuşturma/ Soruşturma ............................................................................ 106
1.3.8.1.Güvercin Curnatası ............................................................................... 106
1.3.9. Çeviri .......................................................................................................... 108
1.3.9.1. Roman ve Fikir .................................................................................... 108
1.3.9.2. Şiir/ Yürek Ki Paramparça .................................................................. 109

İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ....................................................................................................... 110
2.SANAT ve EDEBİYAT ÜZERİNE GÖRÜŞLERİ ............................................... 110
2.1. Sanat ve Sanatçı ................................................................................................. 110
2.2. Okur ................................................................................................................... 111
2.3. Edebiyat ve Meseleleri ...................................................................................... 112
2.4. Dil ...................................................................................................................... 114
2.5. Şiir, Şiirin Niteliği, Şiirin İşlevi ve Türk Şiiri ................................................... 115
2.5.1. Şiirde Anlam ............................................................................................... 124
2.5.2. Şiirde Biçim ve Öz ..................................................................................... 125
III

2.5.3. Şiirde Gelenek ............................................................................................ 126
2.5.4.Şiirde Taklit ................................................................................................. 129
2.5.5. Şiir ve Çeviri ............................................................................................... 130
2.5.6. Şiir ve Düz Yazı ......................................................................................... 132
2.5.7. Şiir ve Dil Devrimi ..................................................................................... 133
2.5.8. Şiir ve İktidar .............................................................................................. 135
2.5.9. Şiir ve Resim .............................................................................................. 138
2.5.10. Şiir ve Televizyon ..................................................................................... 140
2.5.11. Şiir ve Ödül ............................................................................................... 141
2.6. Şair ve Misyonu ................................................................................................. 142
2.7. Edebî Dönemler, Akımlar ve Hareketler ........................................................... 145
2.7.1. Divan Şiiri .................................................................................................. 145
2.7.2. Halk Şiiri .................................................................................................... 148
2.7.3. Tanzimat ve Servet-i Fünûn Şiiri ............................................................... 149
2.7.4. Hece Şiiri .................................................................................................... 151
2.7.5. Garip Şiiri ................................................................................................... 152
2.7.6. İkinci Yeni Şiiri .......................................................................................... 155
2.8. Edebî Türler ....................................................................................................... 166
2.8.1. Deneme ....................................................................................................... 166
2.8.2. Roman ......................................................................................................... 168
2.8.2. Hikâye ......................................................................................................... 171
2.9. Eleştirmenler ...................................................................................................... 172
2.9.1. Fethi Naci (1927- 2008) ............................................................................. 176
2.9.2. Hüseyin Cöntürk (1918- 2003) ve Mehmet H.Doğan (1931- 2008) .......... 177
2.9.3. Nurullah Ataç (1898- 1957) ....................................................................... 178
2.9.4. Suut Kemal Yetkin (1903- 1980) ............................................................... 180
2.10. Şairler .............................................................................................................. 182
2.10.1. Ahmet Arif (1927- 1991) .......................................................................... 182
2.10.2. Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar (1901- 1962) ...................................................... 184
2.10.3. Arif Damar (1925-…) ............................................................................... 185
2.10.4. Attilâ İlhan (1925- 2005) .......................................................................... 185
2.10.5. Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu (1913- 1975) ....................................................... 188
IV

2.10.6. Behçet Necatigil (1916- 1979) ................................................................. 189
2.10.7. Cahit Külebi (1917- 1997) ........................................................................ 191
2.10.8. Can Yücel (1926- 1999) ........................................................................... 192
2.10.9. Ceyhun Atuf Kansu (1919- 1978) ............................................................ 194
2.10.10. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (1914- 2008) ....................................................... 195
2.10.11. Hilmi Yavuz (1936-…) .......................................................................... 198
2.10.12. İlhan Berk (1918- 2008) ......................................................................... 199
2.10.13. İsmet Özel (1944-… ) ............................................................................. 200
2.10.14. Mehmet Kemal [Kurşunluoğlu] (1921- 1998)........................................ 201
2.10.15. Melih Cevdet Anday (1915- 2002) ......................................................... 202
2.10.16. Mustafa Seyit Sutüven (1908- 1969) ...................................................... 204
2.10.17. Nâzım Hikmet Ran (1901- 1963) ........................................................... 204
2.10.18. Oktay Rifat Horozcu (1914-1988) .......................................................... 208
2.10.19. Orhan Veli Kanık (1914- 1950) ............................................................. 211
2.10.20. Sabahattin Kudret Aksal (1920- 1993) ................................................... 213
2.10.21. Tevfik Fikret (1867- 1915) ..................................................................... 213
2.10.22. Turgut Uyar (1927- 1985) ...................................................................... 216
2.10.23. Ülkü Tamer (1937-…) ............................................................................ 217
2.10.24. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı (1884- 1958)........................................................ 218
2.10.25. Yaşar Nabi Nayır (1908- 1981) .............................................................. 220
2.10.26. Yılmaz Gruda (1930-…) ........................................................................ 221
2.10.27. Diğer Şairler ........................................................................................... 222
2.10.28. Halk Şairleri ............................................................................................ 226
2.10.28.1. Pir Sultan Abdal (XVI.yy) ............................................................... 226
2.10.28.2. Karacaoğlan (XVII.yy) .................................................................... 226
2.10.29. Yabancı Şair ve Düşünürler .................................................................... 227
2.10.29.1. Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) .............................................................. 227
2.10.29.2. Paul Eluard (1895-1952) ................................................................. 227
2.10.29.3. Georg Lukács (1885-1971) .............................................................. 228

ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ..................................................................................................... 230
3. ŞİİRLERİNİN TEMA ve YAPI BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ ................... 230
V

3.1.Şiirlerinin Tema Bakımından İncelenmesi ......................................................... 230
3.1.1. Aşk .............................................................................................................. 230
3.1.2. Kadın .......................................................................................................... 239
3.1.2.1. Kent Kadını ......................................................................................... 240
3.1.2.2. Anadolu Kadını ................................................................................... 243
3.1.2.3. Sevgili/ Anne ....................................................................................... 246
3.1.2.4. Anne .................................................................................................... 247
3.1.2.5. Evli Kadınlar ve Çok Eşlilik ................................................................ 251
3.1.3. Kadın Bedeni .............................................................................................. 259
3.1.4. Erotizm ....................................................................................................... 265
3.1.5. Baba ............................................................................................................ 278
3.1.6. Ölüm ........................................................................................................... 281
3.1.7. Yalnızlık/ Sıkıntı/ Sürgünlük ...................................................................... 291
3.1.8. Kent ve Mekân ........................................................................................... 297
3.1.8.1. İstanbul ................................................................................................ 297
3.1.8.2. Ankara ................................................................................................. 299
3.1.9. Coğrafya ..................................................................................................... 302
3.1.9.1. Anadolu ............................................................................................... 302
3.1.9.2. Ortadoğu ve Afrika .............................................................................. 305
3.1.10. Portreler (İzdüşümler) .............................................................................. 308
3.1.11. Günlük Hayat/ Sigara ve İçki .................................................................. 313
3.1.12. Zaman ....................................................................................................... 317
3.1.13. İnanç ......................................................................................................... 321
3.1.14. Politika ...................................................................................................... 324
3.1.15. Tarih ......................................................................................................... 327
3.2.1. Mitolojik Öğeler ......................................................................................... 332
3.2.2. Şiirini Besleyen/ Etkileyen Kaynaklar ....................................................... 334
3.2.3. Metinlerarasılık ........................................................................................... 335
3.2.3.1. Gönderge (Gönderme) ......................................................................... 336
3.2.3.2. Alıntı (Citation) ................................................................................... 341
3.2.3.3. Öykünme (Pastiş) ................................................................................ 344
3.2.3.4. Anıştırma (Allusion) ............................................................................ 346
VI

3.2.3.5.Yansılama (Parodi) ............................................................................... 347
3.2.4. Şairlerle Etkileşim ...................................................................................... 347
3.2.4.1. Divan Edebiyatı ................................................................................... 347
3.2.4.1.1. Şeyh Galib (1757-1799) ............................................................... 348
3.2.4.2. Halk Edebiyatı ..................................................................................... 349
3.2.4.2.1.Yunus Emre (13.yy) ...................................................................... 349
3.2.4.2.2. Karacaoğlan (17.yy) ..................................................................... 349
3.2.4.3.Yeni Türk Edebiyatı ............................................................................. 350
3.2.4.3.1. Ahmet Haşim (1885-1933) ........................................................... 351
3.2.4.3.2. Yahya Kemal Beyatlı (1884-1958) .............................................. 351
3.2.4.3.3. Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı (1910-1956) ................................................... 352
3.2.4.3.4. Orhan Veli Kanık (1914-1950) .................................................... 352
3.2.4.3.5. Oktay Rifat Horozcu (1914-1988) ................................................ 353
3.2.4.3.6. Melih Cevdet Anday (1915-2002) ................................................ 354
3.2.4.3.7. Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (1914-2008) .............................................. 355
3.2.4.3.8. Behçet Necatigil (1916-1979) ...................................................... 355
3.2.4.3.9. Salâh Birsel (1919-1999) .............................................................. 356
3.2.4.3.10. Turgut Uyar (1927-1985) ........................................................... 357
3.2.4.3.11. Sezai Karakoç (1933-…) ............................................................ 358
3.2.4.4. Batı Edebiyatı ...................................................................................... 360
3.3. Şiirlerinin Yapı Bakımından İncelenmesi ......................................................... 363
3.3.1. Nazım Biçimi .............................................................................................. 363
3.3.1.1. Dize Sayısı Eşit Bentlerle Kurulan Şiirler ........................................... 364
3.3.1.2. Dize Sayısı Farklı Bentlerle Kurulan Şiirler........................................ 370
3.3.2. Nazım Şekli ................................................................................................ 377
3.3.2.1. Halk Edebiyatına Ait Nazım Şekli ...................................................... 377
3.3.2.2. Divan Edebiyatına Ait Nazım Şekli .................................................... 381
3.3.2.3. Batı Edebiyatına Ait Nazım Şekli ....................................................... 383
3.3.3. Kafiye ve Redif ........................................................................................... 386
3.3.3.1. Düz, Çapraz ve Sarma Kafiyeden Oluşan Şiirler ................................ 399
3.3.4. Vezin ........................................................................................................... 400
VII

DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ............................................................................................... 404
4. ŞİİRLERİNDE DİL VE ÜSLÛP ........................................................................... 404
4.1. Şiirlerinde Dil ve Üslûp ..................................................................................... 404
4.1.2. Sözcük Kadrosu .......................................................................................... 405
4.1.3. Tekrarlanan Sözcükler ................................................................................ 410
4.1.4. İsimler ......................................................................................................... 411
4.1.5. Sıfatlar ........................................................................................................ 419
4.1.6. Zamirler ...................................................................................................... 425
4.1.7. Bağlaçlar ..................................................................................................... 427
4.1.8. Edatlar ......................................................................................................... 428
4.1.9. Ünlemler ..................................................................................................... 429
4.1.10. Fiiller ........................................................................................................ 430
4.1.11. Cümle Yapısı ............................................................................................ 432
4.1.12. İsim Tamlaması ........................................................................................ 438
4.2. Şiirlerindeki Ses, Ritm ve Ahenk Unsurları ...................................................... 440
4.2.1. Yinelemeler ................................................................................................ 440
4.2.1.1. Sesbilgisel Yinelemeler ....................................................................... 440
4.2.1.2. Biçimbirimsel Yinelemeler.................................................................. 448
4.2.1.3. Sözdizimsel Yinelemeler ..................................................................... 466
4.2.1.4. Anlamsal Yinelemeler ......................................................................... 475
4.3. Sapmalar ............................................................................................................ 486
4.3.1. Yazımsal Sapmalar ..................................................................................... 487
4.3.2. Sesbilimsel Sapmalar .................................................................................. 494
4.3.3. Sözcüksel Sapmalar .................................................................................... 496
4.3.4. Anlamsal Sapmalar ..................................................................................... 503
4.3.5. Dilbilgisel Sapmalar ................................................................................... 504
4.3.6. Kesimsel Sapmalar (Argo) ......................................................................... 506
4.3.7. Biçimsel Sapmalar ...................................................................................... 508
4.4. Konuşma Dili ..................................................................................................... 509
4.4.1. Deyimler ..................................................................................................... 512
4.5. Edebî Sanatlar .................................................................................................... 514
4.5.1.Teşbih (Benzetme) ........................................................................... 515
VIII

4.5.2. İstiare (Eğretileme) ..................................................................................... 517
4.5.3.Teşhis (Kişileştirme) ................................................................................... 520
4.5.4. Telmih (Hatırlatma) .................................................................................... 522
4.5.5. Diğer Edebî Sanatlar ................................................................................... 525
4.6. İmge ................................................................................................................... 531
4.7. İroni ................................................................................................................... 542
4.8. Anlatım Teknikleri ............................................................................................ 548
4.8.1. Öyküleme ................................................................................................... 548
4.8.2. Betimleme ................................................................................................... 550
4.8.3. Karşıtlık ...................................................................................................... 552
4.8.4. Monolog ..................................................................................................... 553
4.8.5. Diyolog ....................................................................................................... 554
4.8.6. Gerçeküstücü Anlatım ................................................................................ 555

SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................ 559
BİBLİYOGRAFYA .................................................................................................... 565
ÖZGEÇMİŞ ................................................................................................................ 583