Nikolai Miliutin, An Enlightened Russian Bureaucrat

140 Pages·1977·3.42 MB·English

by  W. Bruce Lincoln

NIKOLAI MILIUTIN
AN ENLIGHTENED
RUSSIAN BUREAUCRAT

Russian Biography Series, No 3
NIKOLAI MILIUTIN
AN ENLIGHTENED
RUSSIAN BUREAUCRAT
by
W. Bruce Lincoln
Oriental Research Partners
Newtonville, Mass.
1977
© Oriental Research Partners, 1977
All rights reserved. This work may not be
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permission of the publisher.
ISBN 0-89250-133-2 (cloth)
0-89250-134-0 (paper)
For a brochure describing the Biography Series,
please write to Dr. P. Gendenning, Editor,
Russian Biography Series, Oriental Research
Partners, Box 158, Newtonville, Mass. 02160
Design and production in association with Book Production
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Printed in Great Britain
TO
MY
MOTHER
AND
FATHER

CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vüi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix
INTRODUCTION 1
I. MILIUTIN’S EARLY YEARS 3
II. MILIUTIN’S FIRST YEARS IN THE
BUREAUCRACY 7
III. MILIUTIN’S EARLY REFORM WORK 20
IV. MILIUTIN AND THE EMERGENCE OF AN
ENLIGHTENED BUREAUCRACY IN
RUSSIA 30
V. MILIUTIN AND EARLY PREPARATIONS
FOR THE EMANCIPATION OF 1861 39
VI. MILIUTIN AND THE EMANCIPATION OF
1861 48
VII. MILIUTIN’S FIRST RETIREMENT: A
WESTERN EUROPEAN INTERLUDE 63
VIII. REVOLUTION AND REFORM: MILIUTIN
IN THE POLISH KINGDOM 75
IX. MILIUTIN IN PERSPECTIVE 101
NOTES 110
BIBLIOGRAPHY 122
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ANSSSR Arkhiv Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R. (Leningrad).
GPB Gosudarstvennaia Publichnaia Biblioteka imeni M. E.
Saltykova-Shchedrina. Otdel Rukopisei. (Leningrad).
IV Istoricheskii vestnik.
Izsledovaniia N. A. Miliutin, (ed.), Izsledovaniia v Tsarstve Pol’skom,
po vysochaishemu poveleniiu, proizvedenie pod ruko-
vodstvom Senatora, Stats-Sekretaria Miliutina. 6 vols.
St. Petersburg, 1863-1866.
L Leningrad.
M Moscow.
OC Osborn Collection, Yale University.
PRO Public Records Office. (London).
PSZ Polnoe sobranie zakonov rossiiskoi imperil
RA Russkii arkhiv.
RS Russkaia starina.
RV Russkii vestnik.
SPb St. Petersburg.
SZ Svod zakonov rossiiskoi imperil
TsGAOR Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Oktiabr’skoi Revo-
liutsii. (Moscow).
TsGIAL Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv S.S.SJL
(Leningrad).
VE Vestnik evropy.
ZhMVD Zhumal Ministerstva Vnutrennikh Del
In addition to the above, the following abbreviations have been used for
archival citations: d. = delo\ f. = fond; k. = karton; op. = opis’;
p. = papka.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The obligations one incurs in undertaking even a brief study
such as this are considerable, and it is more than a pleasant
formality to mention them here. My greatest debt is to three
outstanding scholars, whose broad knowledge of Russia’s
history cannot help but inspire awe in one who knows them
and has read their works: Professor Petr Andreevich Zaionch-
kovskii, of Moscow State University, who, for more than a
decade, has been my mentor during my visits to the Soviet
Union as an exchange scholar and has directed my attention
to vital research materials in Russian archives; Professor Marc
Raeff, who, for a number of years, has provided me with
encouragement, counsel, and helpful criticism far in excess of
what one can reasonably expect from any friend or scholar;
and Professor Leopold Haimson, who first directed my
attention to Nikolai Miliutin as a fruitful subject for study,
and whose patience as a graduate teacher will always be
remembered by those who have the good fortune to study
with him. I also owe thanks to Professor Albert Resis, a
colleague at Northern Illinois University, with whom I have
spent many profitable hours in discussing Russia’s past.
Likewise, two of my former doctoral students, Professors Lee
Congdon and Jo Ann Ruckman, have given me much help as
critics and as friends.
Over the past few years, I have profited greatly from dis­
cussions with a number of scholars in the United States and
abroad. In this regard, Samuel Baron, Ludwik Bazylow,
Daniel Brower, Michael Chemaivsky, Ralph Fisher, Herbert
Kaplan, Sidney Monas, Daniel Orlovsky, Franciszka
Ramotowska, Edward Thaden, Heide Whelan, and George
Yaney are at the top of what is, to my good fortune, a rather
lengthy list. Professor Jacob Kipp read much of this study,
and his comments helped to improve it. Tamara P. K. Lincoln
ix
MILIUTIN: AN ENLIGHTENED RUSSIAN BUREAUCRAT
shared with me some of the difficulties related to writing this
present work, and Elaine Kittleson produced a handsome
typescript from the sometimes illegible draft which I gave her.
Finally, my thanks go to my wife Pat, whose good humor
and good sense helped me during the final revisions of this
work.
Institutions as well as individuals have aided me greatly in
my research for this present study. The International Research
and Exchanges Board and its predecessor, the Inter-University
Committee on Travel Grants, have supported me as an
exchange scholar to the Soviet Union, and the Fulbright-
Hays Faculty Research Abroad program supported my
research in both the Soviet Union and in Poland. Grants from
the American Philosophical Society, the American Council
of Learned Societies, and Northern Illinois University have
helped me in this work, as did a summer research associate-
ship from the Russian and East European Center at the
University of Illinois. Archivists and librarians at the Central
State Historical Archive in Leningrad, the Central State
Archive of the October Revolution in Moscow, the Saltykov-
Shchedrin Public Library, the Lenin Library, the Public
Records Office, the British Museum, the University of
Warsaw Library, the Library of Congress, the Sterling
Memorial Library at Yale University, and the University of
Illinois Library have helped me greatly in locating and using
the materials which went into the research for this work.
Without their generous efforts on my behalf, the research for
this study could not have been undertaken. To all of them, I
owe a special debt which formal acknowledgement and thanks
such as this cannot repay.
DeKalb, Illinois W. Bruce Lincoln
February, 1977.