Nietzsche, Illuminismo, Modernità

377 Pages·2003·6.567 MB·Italian

by  Carlo Gentili, Volker Gerhardt, Aldo Venturelli

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VILLAV IGONI
�TlD II TALO·TEDIEISIC
7
Nietzsche
Illuminismo
Modernità
A di
cura
CarGleon tiVlolik,Ge crr harAdltd Voe nturelli
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Leo 01c hkFii renze
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2003
COLLANA
DELLA
VILLAV IGONI
Rediaozne
M.G iovanFnraa nceh ElenPao lledri
Tradiuozni
PierpaAoslcoa Arnid,r eBae nedeFtetdie,r Ciicoap pAin,n amarCioan tini,
CarlGoe ntiIvl ain,Go o rzanMealrliiAa,n geMlaag nanPia,o lRou more
Inc operPtrao:m ecthesieo l ibdearlacl aet esnude i,s egdniLo e opoRladu ,
frontesdpeilziplora i mead izidoenleNl aas cidteal tlar eadgi(aFr itz1s8c7h2,)
ISBN8 82 2521 964
Inr icodrid o
WolfgaMnugll er-Lauter
ELENCOD ELLEA BBREVIAZIONI
Edizieos nigila ed otptealrteo e p edir Fer iedNriiecht zsche
KSA FriedNriiecthz sScahmet, lWie crhkKeer .i tiSstcuhdei eniaun15s B gaanb­e
denh,r svgo.n G .C olulnid M .M ontinBaerril,i n/YN oerwk /Mi.inchen,
DeG ruyt1e9r8 0.
OFN OperdieF riedNrieitczhsa c hedi, G.C olelM i. M ontinari, Milano,
cura
Adelp1h9i6 s4s .
KSB FriedrNiiceht zsScahmet, liBcrhieeK r/iet.iS stcuhdiee nahurssvggo.an b e,
G.C olulnid M . Montinari, Berlin/NewD eY Gorruky/tMei.irn chen,
1986.
Ep EpistodilaF rriioe dNrieitczhsa c hedi, G.C olelM i. M ontinari, Mi­
cura
lanAod,e lp1h9i7 s6s .
KGW FriedrNiiceht zsWcehre,kK er.i tiGsecshaem tauhsrgsvgao.bn Ge .,C olli
undM .M ontinari, BYeorrlkiD,ne /G Nreuwy t1e9r6 s7s .
KGB FriedrNiiceht zsBcrhie,ec /whesKerilt.i sGceshaem taushrgsavgbo.en G, .
Colulnid M .M ontinBaerril,i n/YNoerwkD ,e G ruyt1e9r7 s5s .
VI
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IN1RODUZIONE
n
presevnotleu mrea ccolgelr ieel azpiroensie natlca otnev egNnioe tz­
sch-eI llumi-nMiosdmeor ntientuàt,por seis ls'oU nivedriBs oiltoàg na
negii orn1i3 -1n5o vemb2r0e0 i0n o ccasidoenclee ntendaerlimlooa r te
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defli losocfoon.v egèns ot aotrog anizdzaaltlo' UnidvieB rosliotgiànn a
strectotlal aborcaozniiC loe nnet Irtoa lo-TeddiVe islcVloia g ocnio,na ltre
Univeristiatlàei t aendee sqcuhaell,aHi u mboldt-UdniBi evrelrilns'oUz,­' tat
niverdsiLi etcàce qe u eldliUa r bineco o,na ltirset ituzioni scientifiche, quali
laD eutsFcohrhesu cngsgehmae/cihtneh,as r cespoo ssilbafi ollept aar tecipa­
ziondeis tuditoesdie spcrheis eanlct oin vegDnuor.a nltape r eparazione
scientdiefclio cnav egsnièo a ,l trreesaìl izuznaapt rao ficcoulal aborazione
conal tirnei ziaantailvoesg vhoel,it nea slitu rnei vereis sittiàt udziri iocneir ca
europneeell:o rion sieqmuee smtaen ifesthaazninioonn tie fsooc alilzoz are
strertatpop otrrtao ln'iiedtezas cdhige uantEaeu rr opeqa ueerld liam ensio­
nei deadliCe o spmoolnieslq,lu aa lifeli lo-soifnpo a rticaotltarraevl ear so
suian tefnrseaq uentdaezliclouanl et furraan c-essceorgieplvo as sipbuinl­e
tod ir iferidmieu nnatn ou ovcau lteuurrao paenac oirnfa o rmaziIonpn aer.­
ticoulnac roen vegonrog,a nizaPz aartiodg aPi a olDo' IoreGi iol bMeerrt­
lihoa,a ffrontpaitùsop ecificiatlme emnNati ee thzels)Fac r antcEeu)r ope,
menturnec onvegonrog,a nizaWz eaitmoa draR iidiSgcehrm ihdati ,n da­
gatlo' iddeifa u tucroon neaslslcaao ncezione nideetlzslstaco hraeifaa­n,a
frontanidlto e mFagi urdeenGr e sctheiB.ci hlddeerZr u k/utnA.tt raverso
lac reazidoiun nee stenseot wocrheko,,l tarlel ies tituez uinoinvie rsità
gipàr imrai cordaitnec,l iuhKlsao o l Flreige dNriiecthzd seScrth tieu/ nWgez �
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marKelarsz skl,Maa isHoeni nHreiichnl e'c,o nloer msapuléer ideiPu arrei gi
el aU nirvsezde'P taérI iVs-S orboqnuneesit,no s iedmice o nveegi nnii zia­
tivheai nteesvoi toagrnefi o rmdaiv uotcae lebrarzeitoonreepi rcoam uove­
reu n'occadsiiu olntee rriiofrlee sesr iiocneerd cealq,lu aa lqeu essttoe sso
volumsec,a tudraiu tno' attenta rieer liaobrograanziizdozenamieza itoen­e
riadliis cudsusria nitcleo nvegbnool ognveusoele,es setrees timonianza. La
VII
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INTRO DUZIONE
stesrseaa lizzdaizq iuoensleti ob rcoh,eh a r ichiuensi tmop egnaltaivvoor o
organizezr aetdiavzoi oèni ralil seu,l tuantp oi rùdi is trneetttwooc hrehk a,
visitmop egnla'tUen ivdeirB soiltoàgV nial,Vl iag oenl iaD rE.rn sHte inrich
Heiman-SntiftunMgo ndaic o.
Comeè n otloa,n uovead izicornietd ieclaol pee rnei etzsc(hNeianeet z­
sch-eWerk-eKrsicthiGee samgtaab,uae sw)iastoat ltaoc urdaiG iorgio
ColelM ia zziMnoon tineal redi i,v erse inriizcieadrtacei asv sesa c dait urite
ea de sscao llehgaar taap,p resentatmoo muennpoti iaùd l eetis i i gnificativi
deKl ulatuusrtaturIsatc ahel G iear maniinqa u esutlit idmeic enEnsis.ha a
costitsueinatzlo't urnoo d egelsie mppiiùp rofoenp diiùr iusdciiu tnei'f ­
fettciovmau nicaiznitoenrec ulitdueradatalGa ei ;o rgCiool li occocmaes io­
ned iu nar iscopertNai edtiz asulEcnsr h zehi eecra,p adcier iporatlalrae
lucleea ntircahdeie clil endiecplhe en sioecrcoi denqtuaelseetd,ai zicornie­
tifuc ac ondodtatM aa zzoiM no ntincaornui n 'attmeenttoad oldoiig nidaa ­
ginfei loleos gtiocraci hcesa v,i lupaplacvuadn eel ilned icapziifùoe ncio nde
deltlraa dizsitoonrei cdiesltcliuacl at iutraal iQauneas.tf oo rsteen sdoe lla
storpiear midsire i condiut rersent iie tzscahlelsaain tiu azciuolnteu rale
chel iav evpar odoltitbie,r adnadploe lsido i e quiveod ceif ormaczhieo ni
sud ie sssiie ranaoc cumuInl attaiml.o dol ac ulttuerdae -sceia n g enere
queleluar op-epaotgér adualmreinstceo pirnNi ireet zsucnhm eo mento
centrdaeldlei scofrisloo sofimcood edrenliilntadà a,g acnodnpo i ùa tten­
zioniels ensdoiq uelslvao lttraa gdiecplae nsicehreoa ,ls uon omer esta
intrinseclaemgeanttae.
Lad edidciaq uesvtool uamW eo lfgaMnigi ller-lLoas uttuedrit,oe s­o
descsoc ompanreslol 'a2g0o0s1it,lqo u aldoep ol am ortdeiC olelM io n­
tinaasrsiu nisnes-ieaKm aer Ple staloizglzr ia-vocsoom pidteol rleas pon­
sabislciiteàn tdiefliplcraao secudzeiloln'ee dinzoinro anpep,r esdeunnt­a
ques oltaunndt oov uotmoa ggailolm ae mordiiau ni ndiscpursostoa goni­
stad ellrae cenNtiee thzes-cFhournsmgca, i ntenrdiec orduanrode e gli
interlotceudteosprciihùa i t teena tpip assidoendiau tesi t udiiotsail liea­ni,
gataoM ontindaard iu ratvuirnic doial mii ciezd iica o nfidienntzeal lettua­
leM.i iller-sLeapupitene tru ciorneg ranadceu mleen uovpeo ssibdiil ità
interpredtealzfillioaos noefn iiae tzscchheesa cnaat,u rdiavplaa nzoi elnat­e
vorfoi lolodgeiicc ool leigthail imaonlitd;ee ltleem aticchhere i,t ornano
conf requeannzcahi enq uesvtool umqeu,a ll'ii ndadgeilrn aep potrrtao
scieenfil zoas ofiilra a,p potrrtao veei rnitteàr pretlaarz eiloanzei,o ne tra
coscienzae n sutoovcraoi nccae zdieolntleea m poralità,i nMt iriolv­arono
ler-Lauuntode erg elsie gpeitùai t teeni tnin ovativi.
Proprpieorq uesitmap ortaasnszuadn atlael dai zinoineet zscnheela-na
Vill
- -
INTRODUZIONE
ler elazciuolntiu trraIalt ia elG iear manViial,Vl iag ohnais empsreeg uito
cong ranadtet enzliaso unaee v oluziPorniemd.ae lsluaam ortleo,s tesso
Montinoasrsie rcvoòni nteree psasret ecipialcz oisotniet dueilnr usoiv o
CentIrtoa lo-Tedescchole, aR edpoupbob Fleidcear daiGl eer manaivae va
decidsioa ccetitlat rees tamdeinI tgon azViiog onNi e.l1 990e poin el
1996i,no ccasidoednlee c iamnon iverdsealmrloiaro t deiM ontinsaitre in,­
nerdou ei mportanti dciso tnuvdedigeonqi,iu apluir tronpopnso ir iusac ì
pubblicaret rigap l air taetctifipi;ag nutrgiai naàol loarlac udneigs ltiu diosi,
cheh annpoa rteciaqp uaetsovt ool umceo,m -e oltirt er ceu rat-oKrair l
PestalJoozszSeiif,m oGni,o rgPieon zFoe,d erico VeRrecnealMtlieoi nle­,
ler-Buck,VViivvaertAet qlaul eidi.u ec onvepganrit ecliosp tòe sMsioi ller­
Lauteea rl cudneipi r oatgonidsiqt uieN le wN iethzecs,hc le' edizsieopnpee
attiavtatroearn s oé e o ggèiq uadsiiv entuan't moa rchiisloi 'm,b odliuo n a
comuniitnàt ernazidoin aslteeu d dii or iacletracmae innttee rdisciplinare,
aperatr ai ntraicncm ioalrfteei n omedneilc lual tcuornat empoirs aengenai
lascdiaaltdliia ffi ciell aeb irinticnai eetzrsecdAhi etuaànn oda e.pi i sùi gni­
ficateisvpio nednit iq uNeestwNo i ethzeGs,ic uliCaanmop io(nUin iversità
diL ecceic) u,r atdoiqr uie svtool umees primiolln oor poi ùv iveos entito
ringrazipaemrie lrn itcoec c oo struttivo dciio dnetcerh ieeb gulhtiaao p ­
portaatloli ad eazionree,a lailzlzaeaa zlildoain sec usssviiolnuep pdaut­asi
ranitlec onvegenp oo ic ondensiantq auseisv tool ume.
Questloi bsriio n serdiusncqeui enu nal indeia ricdaet recmap aov ­
viataal,lqa u alleos tesCseon tIrtoa lo-TeddiVe islcVloia g ohnaia rrecato
significcoanttirviiSb euntzqiau. e sltaov oprroe parasteonrqziuaoe ,s ta fitta
retdei reltarzsait oundii osi aal baivtouriaantrsiei edmaue n al ungcao n­
suetuddiirn iec erscean,zl aaf ormazidoinn ueo vrii cercaatttoerenic t ai­
ricdhici u rioisnitteàl lettuale,i tlde impffari ecsiclaemvlertneotb pebo et u­
toe ssearffreo ntadtaol mloal tepldiicp irtoàs petcthieav rer,i cchiscono
quesvtool umIelc. o mpiitnoi zialpmreenftiesm siorsaiivn an antzuit at o
focaliizlrz aaprpeo irnttor attdeanN uiteot zsccohnle ' illumiinnitsemsoo,
combee nd etermicnoasttae llsatzoiroinceo -ciunldtaugrqaaurleees r:ta op ­
portcoo nl 'illumnionnic sommoue n m omentpoa ssegegd eisr eoc ondaria
importdaenslzu aop ensiseirgnificoa gidài p esré c apovollg'eirmem agine
ancodrifafu sad iu nN ietzsecphieg odneorl o manticeip srmeoc urdsio re
und ecadenteiusrmoop cehoe, shmaa rroigtnroia ppocrotnio ll a vocrroi ­
ticdoe lcloan oscernazzai onNaellels.ot estseom psoo ttoliln'eiamrpeo r­
tanzdaiq uesctoon fronctoonl 'ereddeliltà' Aujknloanvr uuodniig re ev i­
denziaanrceo urnaav olltaap resucnotnat raddidtetploe rniseitneàir eot z­
schealnapo r,e seinnez sas doim oticvoin trasett arlnaot rilo o ntafnuisi,in
IX
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INTRO DUZIONE
una malgatmaal vovlitsai oneaq ruiaosai i c onfdiinu in 'inquiaeltlaunctie­
naziOne.
Certlo' illuminneilslm'oa,c cneizeitoznsec phreeasnstaido, i lapteaur n
versao r appresentmaormee ntudone cisdievldo i scorso fdiellolsao fico
modernipteàrl, ' alats rcoa ndagill iaabrier imnetaincddire il rlaag ioan e,
concepliarr aez ionsatleisctsoàam iesl o rprenrdiesnutledt iua nti on tricato
giocdoip ulsazeid oian ffie tNtiie.t zsdcihvei ceonseiì np, a rticaotltarrae­
verslo' interprdeitA adzoirnooen H eo rkheipmieùvr o lrtiec hiaimna ta
quesvtool umle',e sempelsaprree ssdiiqo uneel 'ldai aledtetlilc'ai llumini­
smo'c,h es embprear corlrame ordee rniatlàls at redgiuu an as uas truttura
portaen rtiec orrNeenltlseot. e stseom ploa s tescsaat egocreintar dail e
quelclhaeu nt empsoic onsidecroamvela a' faislel'u midneislsu topa e n­
sie-rcoa rattedrailzglzreaa tnaod pie raef orisdtiUi mcahne otr,o pupmoa ­
noA,u roerL aag aisac ie-n,oz wae rqou eldliFa r eGieeires vti,d enaz ia
un'anapliaiùts tie lnact oam plesdsioi gtnaàiu tenptrioccoe dsils iob erazio­
nei ntelleetstsusoae,lc eo;nN dioe tzsdcihffei,c ilèmr eenatlei zszeanbzial e
uni nsiedmive i ncodlili e,g amdiir, a dicamaeffnettitc ihveci a,r icialn o
pensideiur noa g ammav ariedgiat toan alsietnàt imeenp tsailcio logiche.
Lac onoscdeinvziace onsepì a ssieodèn s ee mpvreen adtiua n an ascosta
componente cthrera ignivicinuaa l, t ima aalnllaoeln itsoairn ieg rienlii giose
dio gnnio stfroar mdair appsreentazli'oinlel;u mdiunniqsumreoi enatlr­a
l'intdeirnu onp rocedsiss oe colarizczhaeNz iieotnzes,nc ohnie n terpreta
piùs emplicecmoemneut nea c ostaanstceel sian evaerress oe mprneu ove
formdeil iberaezd iieo mnaen cipaLzait ornaeg.e adnicahq,eu elsluab lima­
tad elcloan oscennazsac,o snpdees usnos ottofdoidn odloo erl eas, t esrsaa­
gionter olveas uqeu alciotsàt itiunqt uievseit nod irreatptpoo crotnio dl o ­
loriedl;o lonreel sltoe stseom proi nvai au dniam ensione religiosa dell'esi­
stenczoasc,ìh el ar iflesssiuolnle' illusmiii nntirsenmcuoco ivaa mecnotnle a
riflesssiuolpnlrea o fotnrdaad izione crciuslttieuaurnraao pdeeal.l a
Unc ontributo impodratlralinaflt ees svaiipoeennrieetn q a u esvtool u­
me,i np articroilgauraear lnd eos storv ae rieit nàt erpreeta alzc ioonnsee­
guenptreo bledmefaio ndam'eongtgie tdtioi gvnliia' v oerrom eneustuilc o;
piandoe ll'interdpriNe iteatzzisqocunheees r tioc ondau cuepn iaaù t tenta
disamdienslau or appocrotnlo at radizfiiolnoes oefdii npc aar,t icolare con
iple nsideiKr aon tS.eN ietzshcaih net ecsaop ovolegr eardei caltmrean­te
sformlaasr teo rdiealm leat afisica opcecaril dternot havalce eor,ms uon que
utiliczaztaetgoco ernitedr aepllei n sifeirloo sporfeicceod ecnotmebe,e nr i­
levJoa s eSfi moenc omea nchael tcroin triebvuitdie nzLiaat nroa.s forma­
ziondeev ia lolrapi r,o blematizdziu anzavi eornioetg àg etntoinvd ae vono
X
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INTRODUZIONE
quinedsis ecroen sideqruaatsaeil lsat regdiuu an ap rovocaztiaolnveo,l ta
intrdiisd ae formazeisotneit izdziau nnatl iu,n gtar adizmiiolnlee naria,
ma presupponugnoc noon frornitgoo reo nsoon e stemporcaonnte aol e
tradizRiiosnceo.p qruiersert iog oirnes inteol l'interfriolgoaszdoiifo incea
Nietzsvcuhodeii rien dagcaornpe i ùa ttenzilis oingen ifdiiqc uaetlsolv ao l­
tac,hei no gni ilcs ausoo penhsadi eetreor miln'aotroi:g eip nraolfiotnàd ità
filosdoift iaclsaev olptuaòe ssevrael utdaitvae rsammeanè it en,d ublbai a
cariicnan ovacthieuv na' audcaocnet aminatzreiaso inset eer nizflae ssione,
trDai chteuD negn kheani ,mp ressoN ideotpzosa cldh ies cofrisloo sofico
delmload ernità.
Riflettdeurneq useur la ppotrrtNaoi etzselc 'hiel lumriinpiosarmltola a
finaei nterrosgualsrltcaei s csoas telleapzoicoanlee ,q unaelsleil aama on ­
cora inèsu enrc iatmipd:oi s perimentaapzeirodtnaape ,r aticcoanrp ea ­
la
zienaztat,e nzeir oingeo arpep,r ofondeae ffnidnoa ndnoo stcroas cienza
intelleetl tanu oasltcero an sapevolezCziaa usgtuorriciahcmeaioc . o ntri­
butria ccoilnqt uie svtool umpeo ssarnaop preseunnt'aorcec adsiir oin­e
pensamednitc oo,n froend tido i aloignqo u esdtiar ezione.
CARLo GENTILVIO,L KEGRE RHARDTAL,no VENTURELLI
XI
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