Next generation computer resources

136 Pages·1993·5.6 MB·English

by  Brown, Alan

NIST Special Publication 500-213
Computer
Systems
Next Generation Computer Resources:
Technology
Reference Model for Project Support
DEPARTMENTOF
U.S.
COMMERCE
TechnologyAdministration Environments (Version 2.0)
National Instituteof
Standards and
Technology (CMU/SEI-93-TR-23)
Nisr
NATLINST,OFSTANDSTECHR.I.C.
NIST
PUBLiCATJONS
—
QC
100
.U57
500-213
1S95
7
he National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist
industry in the development of technology . . . needed to improve product quality, to modernize
manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of
. . .
products based on new scientific discoveries."
NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S.
industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the
environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national
standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science,
engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized
by the Federal Government.
As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic
and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering and performs related services. The Institute
does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are
located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their
principal activities are listed below. For more information contact the Public Inquiries Desk, 301-975-3058.
Technology Services Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory
• Manufacturing Technology Centers Program • Precision Engineering
• Standards Services • Automated Production Technology
• Technology Commercialization • Robot Systems
• Measurement Services • Factory Automation
• Technology Evaluation and Assessment • Fabrication Technology
• Information Services
Materials Science and Engineering
Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory
Laboratory • Intelligent Processing of Materials
• Microelectronics • Ceramics
• Law Enforcement Standards • Materials Reliability'
• Electricity • Pol1ymers
• Semiconductor Electronics • Metallurgy
Electromagnetic Fields' • Reactor Radiation
• Electromagnetic Technology
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
Chemical Science and lechnology • Structures
Laboratory • Building Materials
• Biotechnology • Building Environment
• Chemical Engineering' • Fire Science and Engineering
• Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics • Fire Measurement and Research
• Inorganic Analytical Research
• Organic Analytical Research Computer Systems Laboratory
• Process Measurements • Information Systems Engineering
• Surface and Microanalysis Science • Systems and Software Technology
• Thermophysics^ • Computer Security
• Systems and Network Architecture
Physics Laboratory • Advanced Systems
• Electron and Optical Physics
• Atomic Physics Computing and Applied Mathematics
• Molecular Physics Laboratory
• Radiometric Physics • Applied and Computational Mathematics^
• Quantum Metrology • Statistical Engineering^
• Ionizing Radiation • Scientific Computing Environments^
• Time and Frequency' • Computer Services'
• Quantum Physics' • Computer Systems and Communications^
• Information Systems
'At Boulder, CO 80303.
"Some elements at Boulder, CO 80303.
NIST Special Publication 500-213
Next Generation Computer Resources:
Reference Model for Project Support
Environments (Version 2.0)
(CMU/SEI-93-TR-23)
Edited By
Alan Brown, David Carney, Patricia Oberndorf
Software Engineering Institute
and
Marvin Zelkowitz
Computer Systems Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Techinology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
November 1993
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Ronald H. Brown, Secretary
Technology Administration
Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
Arati Prabhakar, Director
Reports on Computer Systems Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a unique responsibility for computer
systems technology within the Federal government. NIST's Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) devel-
ops standards and guidelines, provides technical assistance, and conducts research for computers and
related telecommunications systems to achieve more effective utilization of Federal information technol-
ogy resources. CSL's responsibilities include development of technical, management, physical, and ad-
ministrative standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified
information processed in Federal computers. CSL assists agencies in developing security plans and in
improving computer security awareness training. This Special Publication 500 series reports CSL re-
search and guidelines to Federal agencies as well as to organizations in industry, government, and
academia.
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 500-213
Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 500-213, 117 pages (Nov. 1993)
CODEN: NSPUE2
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1993
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Orfice, Washington, DC 20402
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
BACKGROUND
1 1
1.1 Project Support Environment Standards Working Group 1
1.2 Approach 2
1.3 Domain of Interest 2
1.4 Scope of the Model 3
1.5 Types of Project Support 4
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL 5
2.1 Key Concepts and Terms 6
2.2 The Reference Model 7
2.2.1 Description of End-User Services 9
2.2.2 Description of Framework Services 10
2.3 Discussion of the Model 10
2.3.1 Conceptual Models vs. Actual Environments 10
2.3.2 Rationale for the Groupings in the Model 11
2.3.3 Place of the Target System in the Model 12
3 NOTES ON READING THE SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS 13
NISTSP 500-213
iii
3.1 On the Relationships Dimension 14
3.2 On Other Aspects of PSE Services 15
4 TECHNICAL ENGINEERING SERVICES 17
4.1 System Engineering Services 18
4.1.1 System Requirements Engineering Service 18
4.1.2 System Design and Allocation Service 19
4.1.3 System Simulation and Modeling Service 20
4.1.4 System Static Analysis Service 21
4.1.5 System Testing Service 22
4.1.6 System Integration Service 23
' 4.1.7 System Re-engineering Service 24
4.1.8 Host-Target Connection Service 25
4.1.9 Target Monitoring Service 25
4.1.10 Traceability Service 26
4.2 Software Engineering Services 27
4.2.1 Software Requirements Engineering Service 27
4.2.2 Software Design Service 28
4.2.3 Software Simulation and Modeling Service 29
4.2.4 Software Verification Service 30
4.2.5 Software Generation Service 31
4.2.6 Compilation Service 32
4.2.7 Software Static Analysis Service 33
4.2.8 Debugging Service 35
4.2.9 Software Testing Service 35
4.2.10 Software Build Service 36
4.2.11 Software Reverse Engineering Service 37
4.2.12 Software Re-engineering Service 38
iv NISTSP 500-213
4.2.13 Software Traceability Service 39
4.3 Life-Cycle Process Engineering Services 40
4.3.1 Process Definition Service 41
4.3.2 Process Library Service 42
4.3.3 Process Exchange Service 42
4.3.4 Process Usage Service 43
5 TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES 45
5.1 Configuration Management Service 45
5.2 Change Management Service 47
5.3 Information Management Service 48
5.4 Reuse Management Service 49
5.5 Metrics Service 50
6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT SERVICES 53
6.1 Planning Service 54
6.2 Estimation Service 55
6.3 Risk Analysis Service 55
6.4 Tracking Service 56
7 SUPPORT SERVICES 59
7.1 Common Support Services 60
7.1.1 Text Processing Service 60
7.1.2 Numeric Processing Service 61
7.1.3 Figure Processing Service 62
7.1.4 Audio and Video Processing Service 63
7.1.5 Calendar and Reminder Service 64
7.1.6 Annotation Service 65
7.2 Publishing Service 66
NISTSP 500-213 v
7.3 User Communication Services 68
7.3.1 Mail Service 68
.
7.3.2 Bulletin Board Service 69
7.3.3 Conferencing Service 70
7.4 PSE Administration Services 71
7.4.1 Tool Installation and Customization Service 71
7.4.2 PSE User and Role Management Service 72
7.4.3 PSE Resource Management Service 73
7.4.4 PSE Status Monitoring Service 74
7.4.5 PSE Diagnostic Service 74
7.4.6 PSE Interchange Service 75
7.4.7 PSE User Access Service 76
7.4.8 PSE Instruction Service 76
8 FRAMEWORK SERVICES 79
8.1 Object Management Services 80
8.2 Process Management Services 83
8.3 Communication Service 84
8.4 Operating System Services 85
8.5 User Interface Services 86
8.6 Policy Enforcement Services 87
A EXTENDED DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS 89
B COMMON PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND THEIR RELATION TO REFERENCE MODEL
SERVICES 93
B.1 Management Activities 93
B.1.1 Acquisition Management 93
B.I.2 Project Management 94
B.I.3 Quality Assurance 94
vi NISI SP 500-213
3
B.2 Engineering Activities 95
B.2.1 System Engineering 95
B.2.2 Software Engineering 95
B.2.3 Process Engineering 96
B.3 Supportability Activities 96
B.3.1 Logistics Support 96
B.3.2 Operation and Maintenance 97
C RATIONALE 99
D ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS 103
E REFERENCES 107
INDEX 108
SUBMISSION OF COMMENTS
11
NISTSP 500-213 vii