Newnes Mechanical Engineer's Pocket Book

590 Pages·1990·18.67 MB·English

by  Roger Timings and Tony May (Auth.)

Newnes
Mechanical
Engineer's
Pocket Book
Roger Timings and Tony May
($) Newnes
Newnes
An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford 0X2 8DP
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
'£s^ A member of the Reed Elsevier pic group
OXFORD BOSTON JOHANNESBURG
MELBOURNE NEW DELHI SINGAPORE
First published 1990
Reprinted 1992, 1993,1995 (twice), 1997
© Roger Timings and Tony May 1990
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic
means and whether or not transiently or incidentally
to some other use of this publication) without the
written permission of the copyright holder except in
accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a
licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England Wl P 9HE.
Application for the copyright holder's written permission
to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Timings, Roger
Newnes mechanical engineer's pocket book
1. Mechanical engineering
I. Title II. May, Tony
621
ISBN 0 7506 0919 2
Printed and bound in Great Britain by the Bath Press, Bath
Preface
This pocket book has been prepared as an aid to mechanical
engineers engaged in design and manufacture, together with
others who require a quick, day-to-day reference for useful
workshop information. For easy reference this book is divided
into five main parts, namely:
1 Engineering Mathematics and Science
2 Engineering Design Data
3 Engineering Materials
4 Computer Aided Engineering
5 Cutting Tools
In turn, these five main sections have been subdivided into
main topic areas. For example: part 2, Engineering Design Data,
has been subdivided into the following topic areas:
2.1 Screwed fastenings
2.2 Riveted joints;
2.3 Self-secured joints;
2.4 Miscellaneous fasteners
2.5 Power transmission: gears
2.6 Power transmission: belt drives
2.7 Power transmission: shafts
Within these subsections, the material has been assembled
in a logical sequence for easy reference and a comprehensive list
of contents has been provided which leads the reader directly to
the item required.
This pocket book is not a textbook but is a compilation of
useful data. The authors are indebted to the British Standards
Institution and to all the industrial and commercial companies in
the UK and abroad who have cooperated in providing up-to-
date data in so many technical areas. Unfortunately, limitation of
space has allowed only abstracts to be included from the wealth
of material provided. Therefore, the reader is strongly
recommended to consult the complete standard, industrial
manual or catalogue after an initial perusal of the tables of data
found in this book. To this end, an appendix is provided listing
the names and addresses of libraries, institutions and companies
where the complete standards, manuals and catalogues may be
consulted or purchased. Many industrial manuals and catalogues
are available free of charge to bona fide users.
The section on computer aided engineering is only a very
brief introduction to a very complex and broadly-based area of
engineering. It is intended to follow up this section with a series
of pocket books specializing in such topic areas as computer
numerical control, computer aided design, industrial robotics and
programmable logic controllers.
Finally it is intended, within the restraints of commercial
viability, to produce new and updated editions of this book from
time to time. Therefore, the authors would appreciate (via the
publishers) suggestions from the users of this book for additions
or deletions to be taken into account when producing new
editions.
Roger Timings
Tony May
xvni
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the companies who have kindly given
permission for their material to be used: Continental Gummi-Werke AG
(sections 2.6.4-2.6.14); David Brown Gears Ltd (section 2.5.1); National
Broach & Machine Co (sections 2.5.8-2.5.15); Sandvik Coromant UK
(sections 5.5.1-5.5.16); Tucker Fasteners (section 2.2.8). We are also
grateful to Hodder and Stoughton for allowing us to reproduce material
from Higgins, R.A., Properties of Materials in sections 3.2.2., 3.2.3.,
3.2.5-3.2.7 and 3.2.13 and to Longman for permission to reproduce
material from Timings, R. Materials Technology Level 2 and Materials
Technology Level 3 in sections 3.1.1.-3.1.21.
Extracts from British Standards are reproduced with
permission of BSI. Complete copies of the documents can be
obtained by post from BSI Sales, Linford Wood Milton Keynes,
Bucks MK14 6LE.
1.1 Engineering mathematics
1.1.1 The Greek alphabet
Name Symbol Examples of use
Capital Lower case
alpha A a angles, angular acceleration,
various coefficients
beta B p angles, coefficients
gamm shear strain, surface tension,
a T y kinematic viscosity
delta A differences, damping
3 coefficient
epsilo linear strain
n E E
zeta Z
C dynamic viscosity, efficiency
eta H
r\ angles, temperature, volume
theta 0
0 strain
iota I i
kappa K K compressibility
lambda A X wavelength, thermal
conductivity
mu M /i Poisson's ratio, coefficient
of friction
nu N v dynamic viscosity
xi E i
omicron O o
pi n n mathematical constant
rho P p density
sigma Z o normal stress, standard
deviation, sum of
tau T T shear stress
upsilon Y v
phi <D </> angles, heat flow rate,
potential energy
chi X x
psi ¥ i/> helix angle (gears)
omega Q co angular velocity, solid angle
(co) electrical resistance (Q)
1.1.2 Mathematical symbols
is equal to = is not equal to #
is identically equal to = is approximately equal to «
approaches -► is proportional to oc
is smaller than < is larger than >
is smaller than or equal to ^ is larger than or equal to ^
magnitude of a \a\ a raised to power n a"
square root of a ^Ja nth root of a ny/
a
mean value of a a factorial a a!
sum £ product n
complex operator ij real part of z Re z
imaginary part of z Im z modulus of z \z\
argument of z arg z complex conjugate of z z*
a multiplied by b ab, a.b, axb
a divided by b a/b -, ab~l
b
function of x Ax)
variation of x Sx
finite increment of x Ax
limit to which f(x) tends as x approaches a ]imj{x)
differential coefficient of/(x) with respect to x ,d/7dx,/'(x)
dx
indefinite integral of/(x) with respect to x ffix)dx
increase in value of/(x) as x increases from
a to b Wx)\
definite integral of/(x) from x = a to x=b j/(x)dx
logarithm to the base 10 of x lg x, log x
10
logarithm to the base a of x log^x
exponential of x exp x, ex
natural logarithm In x, logx
e
inverse sine of x arcsin x
inverse cosine of x arccos x
inverse tangent of x arctan x
4
inverse secant of x arcsec x
inverse cosecant of x arccosec x
inverse cotangent of x arccot x
inverse hyperbolic sine of x arsinh x
inverse hyperbolic cosine of x arcosh x
inverse hyperbolic tangent of x artanh x
inverse hyperbolic cosecant of x arcosech x
inverse hyperbolic secant of x arsech x
inverse hyperbolic cotangent of x arcoth x
vector A
magnitude of vector A \A\>A
scalar products of vectors A and B A.B
vector products of vectors A and B A x B, A A B
1.1.3 Units: SI
Basic and supplementary units
The International System of Units (SI) is based on nine physical
quantities.
Physical quantity Unit name Unit symbol
length metre m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
plane angle radian rad
amount of substance mole mol
electric current ampere A
luminous intensity candela cd
solid angle steradian sr
thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
5
Derived units
By dimensionally appropriate multiplication and/or division of
the units shown on page 5, derived units are obtained. Some of
these are given special names.
Unit Unit
Physical quantity name symbol Derivation
electric capacitance farad F (A2s4)/(kgm2)
electric charge coulomb C As
electric conductance Siemens S (A2s3)/(kgm2)
electric potential difference; volt V (kgm2)/(As3)
electrical resistance ohm Q (kgm2)/(A2s3)
energy joule J (kgm2)/s2
force newton N (kgm)/s2
frequency hertz Hz 1/s
illuminance lux lx (cd sr)/m2
inductance henry H (kgm2)/(A2s2)
luminous flux lumen Im cdsr
magnetic flux weber Wb (kgm2)/(As2)
magnetic flux density tesla T kg/(As2)
power watt W (kgm2)/s3
pressure pascal Pa kg/(ms2)
Some other derived units not having special names.
Unit
Physical quantity Unit symbol
acceleration metre per second squared m/s2
angular velocity radian per second rad/s
area square metre m2
current density ampere per square metre A/m2
density kilogram per cubic metre kg/m3
dynamic viscosity pascal second Pas
electric charge density coulomb per cubic metre C/m3
electric field strength volt per metre V/m
6
energy density joule per cubic metre J/m3
heat capacity joule per kelvin J/K
heat flux density watt per square metre W/m2
kinematic viscosity square metre per second m2/s
luminance candela per square metre cd/m2
magnetic field strength ampere per metre A/m
moment of force newton metre Nm
permeability henry per metre H/m
permittivity farad per metre F/m
specific volume cubic metre per kilogram m3/kg
surface tension newton per metre N/m
thermal conductivity watt per metre kelvin W/(mK)
velocity metre per second m/s
volume cubic metre ™3
See also 1.2.1 (page 54).
1.1.4 Units: not SI
Some of the units which are not part of the SI system, but which
are recognized for continued use with the SI system, are as
shown.
Unit
Physical quantity Unit name symbol Definition
angle degree o (TT/180) rad
angle minute ' (7r/10800)rad
angle second " (7r/648000)rad
Celsius
temperature degree Celsius °C K-273.2
(For K see 1.1.3)
dynamic viscosity poise P 10" l Pas
energy calorie cal «4.18 J
Fahrenheit degree Fahrenheit °F (§)°C + 32
temperature
force kilogram force kgf * 9.807 N
kinematic viscosity stokes St 1(T4 m2/s
continued
1