Newnes Engineer's Pocket Book

475 Pages·1971·17.316 MB·English

by  J. L. Nayler (Auth.)

NEWNES ENGINEER'S
POCKET BOOK
Revised by
J. L Nayler, M.A., CEng.
F.R.Ae.S., F.A.I.A.A.
BUTTERWORTHS
London ■ Boston ■ Durban
Singapore · Sydney · Toronto · Wellington
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
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without the written permission of the copyright
holder, application for which should be addressed to
the Publishers. Such written permission must also be
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in a retrieval system of any nature.
This book is sold subject to the Standard Conditions
of Sale of Net Books and may not be resold in the
UK below the net price given by the Publishers in
their current price list.
First published by George Newnes Ltd. 194 1
Second edition 1944
Third edition 1949
Fourth edition 1958
Reprinted I960
Fifth edition 1964
Reprinted 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970
Sixth edition published by Newnes-Butterworths
1971
Reprinted 1975, 1976, 1978, 1980
Reprinted by Butterworths 1981, 1984
© Butterworth &r Co. (Publishers) Ltd. 1971
ISBN 0 408 00059 7
Printed in Great Britain by J. W. Arrowsmith, Bristol
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgements are due to the following organisations
who have provided tables and information: The
Carborundum Co. Ltd.; James Booth & Co. Ltd.; The
British Aluminium Co. Ltd.; Lee & Crabtree Ltd.; The
Barber Colman Co. Ltd.; Crofts (Engineers) Ltd.; R. A.
Skelton & Co. Ltd. ; Edgar Allen & Co. Ltd. ; MacReadv's
Metal Co. Ltd.; and the British Standards Institution.
ABBREVIATIONS
1 a.c. alternating current, or air cooled 1
1 A.C.G.I. Associate of the City and Guilds 1
of London Institute 1
1 A.E.S.D. Association of Engineering 1
and Shipbuilding Draughtsmen 1
1 A.E.U. Amalgamated Engineering Union 1
1 A.F.R.Ae.S. Associate Fellow of the Royal 1
Aeronautical Society 1
1 A.I.A.A. American Institute of Aeronautics 1
and Astronautics 1
1 A.I.D. Aeronautical Inspection Directorate
1 a.h.p. actual horsepower 1
1 A.M.I.Mar.E. Associate Member of the Institute 1
of Marine Engineers 1
1 AS. Academy of Science 1
ASA. American Standards Association 1
A.Sc. Associate in Science 1
A.S.C.E.A. American Society of Civil Engineers 1
and Architects 1
A.S.E.E. Association of Supervisory and 1
Executive Engineers 1
1 A.S.M.E. American Society of Mechanical 1
Engineers 1
B.A. Bachelor of Arts; British Association 1
B. & S. Brown and Sharpe 1
b.d.c. bottom dead centre 1
1 B.Eng. Bachelor of Engineering 1
B.G. Birmingham gauge 1
b.h.p. brake horsepower 1
B.Sc. Bachelor of Science 1
B.S.F. British Standard Fine 1
B.S.I. British Standards Institution 1
B.S.P. British Standard Pipe 1
Btu British thermal unit 1
pc degree Celsius (Centigrade) 1
1 car. carat 1
1 ce. chief engineer, civil engineer 1
C.Eng. Chartered Engineer 1
eg centre of gravity 1
1 cg.s. centimetre-gramme-second 1
1 ci. cast iron ; compression ignition 1
11
ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)
cir. circumference
o/l centre line
cm centimetre
c. of t. centre of thrust
c.p. candle power ; centre of pressure
c.s. cast steel ; carbon steel
csk. countersunk; countersink
d.c. direct current
dia. diameter
B.Eng. Doctor of Engineering
d.O. drawing office
drg. drawing
D.Sc. Doctor of Science
D.T.D. Directorate of Technical Development
e.h.p. effective horsepower
e.m.f. electromotive force
°F degree Fahrenheit
F.A.I.A.A. Fellow of the American Institute
of Aeronautics and Astronautics
F.C.G.I. Fellow of the City and Guilds
of London Institute
[.CE. Fellow of the Institution of Civil
Engineers
[.E.E. Fellow of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers
[.Mech.E. Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers
t.Min.E. Fellow of the Institution of Mining
Engineers
[.Prod.E. Fellow of the Institution of Production
Engineers
F.R.Ae.S. Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society
F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society
F.R.S.A. Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts
g gramme, value of gravity (see page 46)
g gramme
gal gallon
hp horsepower
Hz hertz
ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)
ICE. Institution of Civil Engineers 1
I i.c.e. internal combustion engine 1
I.E.E. Institution of Electrical Engineers 1
I.E.I. Institution of Engineering Inspection 1
i.h.p. indicated horsepower 1
I.Mar.E. Institute of Marine Engineers 1
I.Mech.E. Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1
I.Min.E. Institution of Mining Engineers 1
1 m inch 1
I.Prod.E. Institution of Production Engineers 1
I.S.I. Iron and Steel Institute 1
I.W.G. Imperial Wire Gauge 1
J.I.E. Junior Institution of Engineers 1
K degrees Kelvin 1
k kilo (prefix) 1
1 lb pound 1
l.h. left hand 1
1 m metre; milli (prefix) 1
MA. Master of Arts
1 m/° machine 1
M.C.E. Master of Civil Engineering 1
1 m.e.p. mean effective pressure 1
M.I.C.E. Member of the Institution of Civil 1
Engineers 1
M.I.E.E. Member of the Institution of 1
Electrical Engineers 1
M.I.Mar.E. Member of the Institute of Marine 1
Engineers 1
M.I.Mech.E. Member of the Institution of 1
Mechanical Engineers 1
M.I.Min.E. Member of the Institution of Mining 1
Engineers 1
M.I.Prod.E. Member of the Institution of 1
Production Engineers 1
MKS metre-kilogramme-second 1
MME. Master of Mechanical Engineering 1
1 m.m.f. magnetomotive force 1
1 mol. wt. molecular weight 1
1 m.s. mild steel 1
1 M.Sc. Master of Science 1
13
ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)
p.d. potential difference 1
1 Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy 1
1 P-w.g. pinion wire gauge 1
1 rad. radius, radian 1
1 R.Ae.C. Royal Aero Club 1
1 R.Ae.S. Royal Aeronautical Society 1
1 r.h. right hand 1
1 r.m.s. root mean square 1
1 r.p.h. revolutions per hour 1
1 r.p.m. revolutions per minute 1
R.S.A. Royal Society of Arts 1
S.A.E. Society of Automobile Engineers (U.S.) 1
1 s.i. Système International (International 1
System) of units 1
«P g specific gravity 1
1 s.t.p. standard temperature and pressure 1
1 s.v. slide valve; side valve 1
I s.w.g. standard wire gauge 1
I t.d.c. top dead centre 1
1 temp. temperature 1
1 t.p.i. threads per inch 1
1 t.p.l. threads per length 1
u.s.s. United States Standard 1
I w.i. wrought iron 1
wt. weight 1
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MATHEMATICAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
= equal to - or a/b a divided by 6
# not equal to
3Δ icdoernretiscpaoln wdeit hto laeni am oradiuseluds toof tah e power n
« approximately equal to a* or y/a 'square root of a
-Si* aapsypmropatcohteics to al/n or yaa mnteha nro voat loufe ao f a
0c<<>0c gpillneerrssfeossianp tttioehhtryraat inntoh noaarnl etqou al to pΠi\ fptsbahurecemoctradoe urufioscaertl e p(=lx2x3x x p) ei
<> gmrueachte rle tshs atnh aonr equal to s liongteagrritahl msi gton the base a of x
> much greater than
+ plus ' degree
— mjnus second
X multiply
-r divide
THE GREEK ALPHABET
A a alpha N V nu
B β beta Ξ Ç xi
Γ y gamma υ 0 omicron
Δ 8 delta n π Pi
E € epsilon P P rho
Z ζ zeta Σ σ s sigma
H 77 eta T τ tau
ΘI tθ θ tiohteat a TΦ υΦ puhpis ilon 9L
K K kappa X X chi
Λ A lambda Ψ Φ psi
M u mu Li ω omega
INTRODUCTION TO SI UNITS
This edition of Neûmes Engineer's Pocket Book is based
on the International System of units, which will become
standard throughout Europe and the U.K., and which
will replace the Imperial units presently used in engineer-
ing practice, such as the inch, pound, etc. The system,
whose full title is "Système International d' Unités", is a
rationalised and coherent system, based on the four units,
metre, kilogramme, second and ampere, with the two
supplementary units, the kelvin as the unit of temperature,
and the candela as the unit of luminous intensity. After
several international meetings over the years, the system
of units was formally adopted and named at the eleventh
meeting of the Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures
(CGPM) in 1960. All the important matters in this Pocket
Book are given in these international units, which are
described in detail, but as it takes time for changes of this
kind to be thoroughly assimilated a few conversion tables
between the old and the new units are included. The SI
system based on the metre, kilogramme and second (MKS)
also replaces the centimetre-gramme-second (c.g.s.) system.
In most tables there are preferred sizes of screws etc.,
and in some cases there are first, second and third choices.
Ultimately it is intended that new designs should use only
preferred sizes (first choice) and other sizes are called
non-preferred ; the latter may be convenient to use before
metrication is fully adopted. In many tables only the
first choices are given.
BASE UNITS
The unit of length is the metre (m)
The unit of mass is the kilogramme (kg)
The unit of time is the second (s)
The unit of electric current is the ampere (A)
The unit of thermodynamic temperature is the kelvin (K)
The unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd)
The unit of the amount of substance is the mole (mol)
SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS
The unit of plane angle is the radian (rad)
The unit of solid angle is the steradian (sr)
17