New Trends in Allergy IV: Together with Environmental Allergy and Allergotoxicology III

366 Pages·1997·9.07 MB·English

by  B. Björkstén (auth.)

J. Ring H. Behrendt D. Vieluf (Eds.)
New Trends in Allergy IV
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
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Paris
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Singapore
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J.
Ring H. Behrendt D. Vieluf (Eds.)
New Trends
in
Allergy IV
Together with
Environmental Allergy and
Allergotoxicology III
Foreword by Robert Huber
With 56 Figures and 46 Tables
" Springer
Professor Dr. med. Dr. phil. Johannes Ring
Klinik und Poliklinik fUr Dermatologie
und Allergologie am Biederstein
Technische Universitat Miinchen
Biedersteiner Str. 29
80802 Miinchen
Professor Dr. med. Heidrun Behrendt
Abt. Experimentelle Dermatologie und Allergologie
Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf
MartinistraBe 53
20246 Hamburg
Dr. med. Dieter Vieluf
Hautklinikl Allergieabteilung
Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf
MartinistraBe 53
20246 Hamburg
ISBN 978-3-642-64398-9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data.
New Trends in Allergy IV, togetber witb environmental allergy and allergotoxicology III:
joint international symposium, Hamburg, April 29-May 1, 1995/J. Ring, H. Behrendt, D. Vieluf
(eds.); witb a foreword by R. Huber. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978-3-642-64398-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-60419-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-60419-5
(hard cover: alk. paper) 1. Allergy-Congresses. 2. Pollution-Congresses. 3. Immunotoxicology
Congresses. I. Ring, Johannes, 1945 - II. Behrendt, Heidrun, 1945 - III. Vieluf, Dieter, 1960 -
[DNLM: 1. Hypersensitivity-Congresses. 2. Environmental Illness-Congresses. 3. Environ
mental Pollutants-Immunology-Congresses. 4. Dermatitis, Atopic-Congresses. WD 300 N5323
1996]
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Foreword
There is no doubt among experts that the prevalence of allergic diseases
has increased in many industrialized countries in recent years. The rea
sons for this increase are unknown; only suppositions exist. Many people
focus on environmental influences. However, the assumption that air
pollution alone is responsible for this increase seems to be too simple:
many other influences, including the genetic predisposition of individual
patients, allergen exposure, and possibly socioeconomic factors, also have
to be taken into consideration.
Although our understanding of the complex mechanisms of allergic
diseases has considerably improved thanks to the progress made in ex
perimental immunology and allergology, we still have a long way to go
before this scientific knowledge is translated into new therapeutic mo
dalities.
For this reason, the scientific community welcomed the gathering of
scientists from very different disciplines and different parts of the world
at an international symposium, "New Trends in Allergy IV" together
with "Environmental Allergy and Allergotoxicology III" in Hamburg in
1995. This volume contains the invited papers, covering a wide range
from basic science to practical clinical diagnosis and therapy.
A further unique feature of this event was the concomitant first official
workshop of the Environmental Pollution and Allergy Committee of the
International Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (IAACI),
at which the state of scientific knowledge in this field was defined and
formulated.
The chapters of this volume cover such topics as the epidemiology
of allergic diseases, allergotoxicology (i. e., studies elucidating the mecha
nisms by which environmental pollutants can influence the development,
elicitation, or maintenance of allergic reactions), basic immunology (in
volving IgE regulation and activation of inflammatory cells and media
tors), psychoneuroallergology, respiratory allergy, and atopic eczema, to
gether with chapters on the critical evaluation of methods in allergy di
agnosis and therapy, and future considerations on allergy therapy.
Of course, a printed book does not reflect the atmosphere and the
friendly spirit in which over 450 scientists from all over the world were
VI Foreword
exchanging their ideas, highlighted by the unforgettable event of a
"Bavarian evening" on the river Elbe with the musical "Parzival and the
Grail of Allergy".
I hope this book may be widely disseminated among both experimen
tal scientists in immunology and allergy and those in clinical practice!
Munich, June 1996 Robert Hubert
Preface
All over the world, not only in industrialized countries, allergic diseases
are increasing in prevalence. The cause of this increase is not known.
Among many hypotheses, the role of environmental influences, both
natural and anthropogenic, is presently at the center of interest. For this
reason, a joint international symposium was organized bringing together
experts from very different disciplines (biology, sociology, toxicology,
epidemiology, immunology, pathology, cell biology, neurophysiology,
and pharmacology, as well as many different clinical areas including der
matology, internal medicine, pneumology, pediatrics, otolaryngology,
and hematology), at the special event "New Trends in Allergy IV" together
with "Environmental Allergy and Allergotoxicology III" in Hamburg in
spring 1995.
Both symposia already have a history: "New Trends in Allergy" focuses
at 5-year intervals on the most recent developments in allergy research
and has been held three times since 1980 in Munich. "Environmental
Allergy and Allergotoxicology" was organized in Dusseldorf and brought
together experts doing current research in the field of allergotoxicology.
In 1995, for the first time, these two events were held jointly. An additional
highlight was the first official workshop of the Environmental Pollution
and Allergy Committee of the International Association of Allergy and
Clinical Immunology, at which the state of scientific knowledge in this
highly controversial field was worked out.
This symposium, held under the auspices of the Federal Minister for
Education, Science, Research, and Technology (BMBF) of the German
government, was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG), the City of Hamburg, the German Society for Allergy and Clinical
Immunology (DGAI), and the International Association of Allergy and
Clinical Immunology (IAACI).
This volume contains the invited papers covering the various fields
from basic research to clinical practice.
The editors would like to thank all those who contributed to the or
ganization of the event, particularly Mrs. Uta Boisen, head secretary of
the Un iversitiits-Hautklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf and the members of
the Department of Experimental Dermatology and Allergology, Drs.
VIII Preface
Christian Fritzsche, Bettina Hitzfeld, Janus Tomczok, and Wanda Sliwa
Tomczok. Thanks also to Springer-Verlag for publishing the book in
such as professional way, namely Dr. Wiegers, Mrs. Fingerhuth, Mrs.
Schaedla and to Dr. M. Offert and Dr. U. Darsow for reading correction
proofs! Thanks also to the pharmaceutical companies who sponsored
the event and the publication of this volume, particularly Mr. Lindemann
(Fisons-Rh6ne-Poulenc), Mr. Ganzer (Allergopharma), and Mr. Schick
haus (Essex-Schering Plough).
May this book find a wide readership and thus improve the general
understanding of allergic diseases, to the benefit of the increasing num
bers of our allergic patients!
Munich and Hamburg, August 1996 Johannes Ring,
Heidrun Behrendt,
Dieter Vieluf
Contents
Epidemiology
CHAPTER 1
Environmental Risk Factors for Atopy............................ 3
B. Bjorksten
CHAPTER 2
Significant Variations of Skin Prick Test Results
Between Five Fieldworkers in a Multicentre Study................. 13
Ch. Braun-Fahrlander, B. WUthrich, F.H. Sennhauser,
J,c. Vuille and the SCARPOL-team
CHAPTER 3
Postwar Increase of Allergies in the West,
but not in the East of Germany? ................................ 17
H.E. Wichmann
CHAPTER 4
Epidemiology of Atopic Eczema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
T. Schafer, U. Kramer, H. Behrendt,
B. Kunz, K. Uberla, D. Vieluf and J. Ring
CHAPTER 5
Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Allergy:
The East-West German Experience .............................. 25
U. Kramer, H. Behrendt, and J. Ring
CHAPTER 6
Asthma and Atopy in West and East Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
E. von Mutius
x Contents
CHAPTER 7
Impact of S02 and TSP on Allergic Manifestations and Non-Allergic
Respiratory Diseases - Results from the Study on School-Beginners
in East and West Germany 1991-1993 ............................ 43
U. Kramer, H. Behrendt, R. Dolgner, H. Willer and H. W. SchlipkOter
Allergotoxicology
CHAPTER 8
Allergotoxicology: A Research Strategy for the Investigation of
the Influence of Environmental Pollutants on the Development
of Allergic Sensitization and Disease............................. 51
H. Behrendt and J. Ring
CHAPTER 9
Pollutants Enhance the Airway Response of Asthmatics
to Inhaled Allergen: In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence..... . . . . . . . . . .. 61
R.J. Davies, C. Rusznak, M.A. Calderon, J.G. Wang,
M.M. Abdelazis, and ].L. Devalia
CHAPTER 10
Exposure to a Combination of 220 ppb Sulphur Dioxide
and 400 ppb Nitrogen Dioxide Increases the Airway Response
of Mild Asthmatics to Allergen Inhalation
in a Time-Lagged Manner ....................................... 73
J.L. Devalia, C. Rusznak, and R./. Davies
CHAPTER 11
Epithelial Function as a Focus of Ozone-Allergen Interaction ...... 79
E. W. Spannhake, N. Takahashi, B.-Y. Chin, A.M.K. Choi,
and x.-Y. Yu
CHAPTER 12
Acute Effects of Air Pollutants in Asthma.............. . . . . . . . . . .. 85
H. Magnussen and R.A. Jorres
CHAPTER 13
Influence of Particles and Surfactant on the In Vitro Response
of Macrophages to Ozone....................................... 91
M. Mosbach, M. Wiener-Schmuck, and A. Seidel (t)