New Trends in Allergy II

374 Pages·1986·11.56 MB·English

by  R. M. Zinkernagel (auth.)

New Trends
•
ill
Allergy II
Edited by
J. Ring and G. Burg
With a Foreword by o. Braun-Falco
With 105 Figures and 71 Tables
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Professor Dr. Dr. Johannes Ring
Professor Dr. Gunter Burg
permatologische Klinik und Poliklinik der
Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversiHit Munchen
(Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. O. Braun-Falco),
FrauenlobstraBe 9-11, 8000 Munich,
Federal Republic of Germany
The abstracts of the papers have already been published in the journal
Allergologie. volume 817.1985. pp. 293-310 and are reprinted with kind
permission by Dustri-Verlag. Deisenhofen. Federal Republic of Germany
ISBN -l3: 978-3-642-71318-7 e-ISBN -l3: 978-3-642-71316-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-71316-3
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data.
New trends in allergy II. Papers given at an international symposium held
on 26-28 July 1985 in Munich.
Bibliography: p. Includes index.
I. Allergy-Congresses. I. Ring. Johannes, 1945-
II. Burg. Gunter. RC583.2.N482 1986 616.97 86-13083
ISBN-13:978-3-642-71318-7 (U.S.)
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole
or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprint
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machine or similar means, and storage in data banks.
Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other
than private use a fee is payable to "VerwertungsgeseUschaft Wort", Munich.
(f'J Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. in this
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as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise
Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
Prod uct Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about
drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual
case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other
pharmaceutical literature.
2127/3145-543210
Foreword
Anergic reactions and anergic diseases are found in many fields of medicine.
As wen as affecting the skin, allergic diseases occur in internal organs such as
the lungs and the kidneys and in the vascular and nervous systems.
Interdisciplinary understanding and cooperation thus seem necessary to get
a better insight into allergic reactions in the different fields of medicine in
order that we may give our patients the best diagnostic and therapeutic care.
Allergic diseases are on the increase. Studies from Sweden show that 15%
of the population there are atopic, and some people speculate that in Germany
about 10%-15% of all adults suffer from one of the many different allergic
conditions. We in our clinic also have the impression that the incidence of
atopic reactions has increased in recent years. The figure of 15% would mean
something like 200 000 people in Munich alone!
We all know that a wide variety of environmental factors can induce
allergic reactions in the skin, the respiratory system, or internal organs. The
most important anergens in our environment are pollen, molds, animal dander,
housedust mite, food or food additives, various insects, industrial compounds
and drugs.
The direct costs of hospital and community medical care, other services,
and drugs to help patients with asthma, hay fever, and skin allergies have in
creased considerably in the last 10 years. The figures should make it clear to
everybody that we are dealing with a health and environmental problem of
great practical importance.
This volume contains the invitation papers given at an international sym
posium held on 26-28 July 1985 in Munich, at which a wide spectrum of
allergological problems was covered. Some chapters deal with basic research
in allergy, for example the important questions of mediators of allergic reac
tions, regulation of IgE synthesis, and contact sensitization. Other papers de
scribe advances in clinical allergology, e.g., in asthma, atopic eczema, food
allergy, drug reactions, and contact allergy. Therapeutic aspects are considered
in the sections on hyposensitization and pharmacotherapy.
Of course, a printed book never can truly reflect the lively atmosphere of
an international symposium such as this. Over 500 participants from an over
the world gathered in an extremely friendly spirit, highlighted by the unforget
table Bavarian evening with King Ludwig II!
VI Foreword
I would like to thank all those at the Dermatology Clinic of the University
of Munich who did so much to ensure the success of the symposium. I am also
grateful to' Springer-Verlag for publishing the book so rapidly. May it find a
wide audience and thus improve the understanding of allergic diseases to the
benefit of our patients!
Munich, June 1986 O. BRAUN-FALCO
Table of Contents
Basic Immunology
Biological Role of Major Transplantation Antigens in T Cell Self
recognition: Possible Consequences in Clinical Medicine
R.M. ZINKERNAGEL .................. . 2
Interleukins
B. FLEISCHER 9
Immunoglobulin E
Regulation ofIgE by Lymphoid Cell-Derived Factors
A. L. DE WEeK, B. STADLER, and J. KNUTTI-MULLER 16
The IgE Receptor of Mast Cells and Basophils
A. KULCZYCKI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
IgE Receptors on Lymphocytes
H. L. SPIEGELBERG . . . 33
IgE and Allergic Diseases
S. G. O. JOHANSSON. . . 39
VIII Table of Contents
Mediators
Histamine and Allergic Diseases
J. RING, F. SEDLMEIER, D. VON DER HELM, T. MAYR, U. WALZ, H. IBEL,
H RIEPEL, B. PRZYBILLA, H-J. REIMANN, and W. DORSCH .... 44
Lipid Mediators and Inflammation
C. W. PARKER ........ . 78
Lipoxygenase Activity in Cutaneous Inflammation
T. RUZICKA ................ . 90
Methods in Eicosanoid Determination
T. SIMMET ........... . 95
Chemotactic Factors as Mediators of Allergy
B. M. CZARNETZKI . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Complement-Derived Mediators: Induction of Vascular Changes
and Cellular Triggering Reactions by Anaphylatoxins
M. MEURER ...................... . 110
Paf-acether (Platelet-activating Factor)
J. BENVENISTE . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Atopic Eczema and Food Allergy
Itch and Endorphins
O. HAGERMARK .. 128
Dry Skin (Sebostasis) and Inflammation: Heterogeneity of "Dry Skin"
in Atopic Dermatitis
M. UEHARA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135
Food Allergy and Atopic Eczema
J. F. SOOTHILL. . . . . . . . . 145
Table of Contents IX
Intragastric Provocation under Endoscopic Control
H.-1. REIMANN, U. SCHMIDT, 1. LEWIN, A. ZELLMER, and 1. RING 146
Allergy to Spices: Cross-reactivity to Other Allergens
C. THIEL, E. FUCHS, H.-J. MAASCH, and R. WAHL 154
Glutamate-Induced Asthmatic Reactions
D. H. ALLEN, 1. DELOHERY, and G. BAKER 165
Asthma
Late Phase Reactions
W. DORSCH and 1. RING 174
Aspirin-Induced and Intrinsic Asthma
D.A. MATHISON, R.A. SIMON, and D.O. STEVENSON 198
Isocyanate-Ind uced Asthma
X. BAUR ....... . 209
Contact Allergy
Molecular Recognition in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
C. BENEZRA .................. . 218
Regulation of Contact Allergy by Interferon
1. KNOP .............. . 225
Contact-Allergy Time
G. BURG, B. PRZYBILLA, and 1. BOGNER 230
Drug Reactions
Histopathological Patterns of Drug Eruptions
H. H. WOLFF and M. WINZER . . . . . . . 240
X Table of Contents
Photosensitivity Due to Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
A GALOSI, B. PRZYBILLA, J. RING, M. DORN, and U. SCHWAB 255
Anaphylactoid Reactions to Mild Analgesics
B. PRZYBILLA, A-R. BONN LANDER, and J. RING 262
Immune Complex Anaphylaxis Induced by Dextran and Its Elimination
by Hapten Inhibition
A W. RICHTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 272
Immunotherapy
Standardization of Allergenic Extracts
H. LeWENSTEIN . . . . . . . . . . 286
Allergen Extracts from Animals for Diagnosis and Immunotherapy
W. WAHN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Allergoids, Mechanisms and New Developments
A W. WHEELER and B. G. OVERELL .... 305
mPEG-Modified Allergen Preparations
S. DREBORG ........... . 312
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacological Modulation of Immunoregulatory Lymphocyte
Functions: The Adenosine Immunoregulatory System
S. H. POLMAR and R. E. BIRCH .............. 318
Superoxide Dismutase: Rationale of Therapeutic Use, Established
Clinical Effects, and Perspectives
L. FLOHE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Patterns of Theophylline Utilization
H. J. WEDNER . . . . . . . . . . 335
Table of Contents XI
Topical Steroids: Perspectives and Retrospectives
A. M. KLIGMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Index of Authors 353
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 355