New Toxicology for Old: A Critique of Accepted Requirements and Methodology

397 Pages·1982·21.23 MB·English

by  L. L. Smith (auth.)

Archives of Toxicology, Supplement 5
New Toxicology
Old
for
A Critique of Accepted Requirements
and Methodology
Proceedings of the
European Society of Toxicology
Meeting held in Dublin, August 17-19,1981
Edited by
P. L. Chambers and C. M. Chambers
With 99 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982
CLAIRE M. CHAMBERS and PHILIP L. CHAMBERS
University of Dublin, Department of Pharmacology, Trinity College, Dublin 2,
Ireland
ISBN-13:978-3-540-11406-2 e-ISBN- 13:978-3-642-68511-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-68511-8
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying
machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are
made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982.
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific
statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
2123/3130-543210.
Contents
Young Scientists Award Lecture 1981:
The Identification of an Accumulation System for Diamines and Polyamines Into the Lung and
Its Relevance to Paraquat Toxicity
L. L. SMITH. With 2 Figures ................................................. .
Critical Evaluation of Protocols Used in Routine Toxicity Studies
Assessment of Mammalian Toxicity of Pesticides and Other Industrial Chemicals -
Flexible Guidelines or Rigid Protocols?
A.D.MARTINandD.S.PAPWORTH .......................................... 17
Critical Evaluation of the Toxicological Documents Produced for the Authorization of Drugs
According to the Commission of the European Communities Directives
J.-R. CLAUDE ........................................................... 29
The EEC Policy in the Hazard Assessment of New Chemicals
J. SMEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Protocols for Routine Toxicity Studies: A Statistician's View
D. O. CHANTER .......................................................... 40
The Council of Europe Approach to Toxicity Testing and Toxicological Evaluation
G. GOBINET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Behavioural Teratology: Post-Natal Consequences of Drug Exposure in Utero
B. E. LEONARD. With 2 Figures .............................................. 48
Toxicity Testing in Relation to Aging
K. O'MALLEYandJ. G.KELLY .............................................. 59
Perinatal Toxicology: Problems and Hazards
D.P.O'MAHONY ......................................................... 64
VI Contents
Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients (Abstract)
J. WIERIKS .............................................................. 67
Can the Design of the 'Routine' 90 Day Rat Study be Improved? (Abstract)
E.GALEandD.SHEPPARD ................................................. 68
Neurotoxicology
Neurotoxicity of Industrial Chemicals and Contaminants: Aspects of Biochemical Mecha
nisms and Effects
H. SAVOLAINEN. With 2 Figures ............................................. 71
Task Dependent Neurobehavioral Effects of Lead in Rats
G. WINNEKE, H. LILIENTHAL, and W. WERNER. With 3 Figures 84
Quantitative Morphological and Autoradiographical Studies of Neurotoxicological Changes
(Abstract)
N. H. DIEMER ........................................................... 94
Short-Term Exposure of Human Subjects to m-Xylene and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
K. SAVOLAINEN, V. RIIHIMAKI, A LAINE, and I. KEKONI. With 1 Figure ............ 96
Impaired Nerve Function in Rats After Prolonged Exposure to Vinyltoluene
AM. SEPPALAINEN and H. SA VOLAINEN ..................................... 100
Organic Glue Neuropathies: Epidemiology, Clinical Investigation, and Therapy of 100 Cases
E. MALIZIA, S. BORGO, C. CARAPELLA, V. CHIAVARELLI, A RUSSO, V. GAGLIARDI,
AAMATO,andM.SMERIGLIO ............................................. 103
Toxicology of the Central Nervous System - Pathogenetical Aspects (Abstract)
S.H.MIKHAILOV ................................................ ......... 105
The Toxicity of p-Benzoquinone on the Central Nervous System of the Cockroach
P.L.CHAMBERSandM.J. ROWAN. With 3 Figures ............................... 107
A Possible Site of Action of Dieldrin in the Brain
P. L. CHAMBERS. With 3 Figures ............................................. 112
Mechanisms of Recovery of Brain Acetylcholinesterase in Rats During Chronic Intoxication
by Isoflurophate
H.MICHALEK,AMENEGUZ,andG.M.BISSO ................................. 116
Neurophysiological Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Hydrocarbon Mixtures
A MUTTI, A CAVATORTA, G.LOMMI, S. LOTTA, and!. FRANCHINI. With 2 Figures 120
Effect of Dithiocarbamate-Type Chemicals on the Nervous System of Rats
K. THURANSZKY, I. KISS, M. BOTOS, and A SZEBENI. With 2 Figures ............... 125
Pertussis Antigens - Screening Models on Toxicity
H. RONNEBERGER, F. BLACKKOLB, and G. GUTH(jHRLEIN 129
Contents VII
Effects of Physostigmine on Acute Toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Benzodiazepines
in Mice and Rats
W.D. WIEZOREKandI.Ki\STNER ........................................... 133
Effect of Cadmium and Phenobarbital on Cerebral Aldehyde Reductase
M. BAUMANN. With 1 Figure ................................................ 136
Non-Invasive and Invasive Techniques in Toxicology
Newer Diagnostic Procedures in Chronic Toxicity Studies in Rats
G. ZBINDEN. With 7 Figures ................................................. 141
Animal Clinical Chemistry and Haematology for the Toxicologist
J.S.L.FOWLER.With4Figures .............................................. 152
In Vivo Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity by Invasive and Non-Invasive Techniques (Abstract)
J. BIRCHER ........................................... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Measurement of Urinary Metabolites ofXenobiotics as a Non-Invasive Technique in Toxicology
D. D. BREIMER. With 7 Figures .............................................. 162
Heart Rate-and ECG-Recording in the Rat by Biotelemetry
J. SCHLATIER and G. ZBINDEN. With 4 Figures ................................. 179
Monitoring of the Oestrus Cycle in the Rat by Measurement of Vaginal Impedance
C. TARADACH. With 3 Figures ............................................... 184
The Effect of Pregnancy on the Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine
R. KNU1TI, H. ROTHWEILER, and C. SCHLATIER. With 4 Figures 187
Drugs in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
f)rug Toxicity in Obstetrics (Abstract)
J.P.LEWIS .............................................................. 195
The Embryotoxicity of a New Class of Antispermatogenic Agents: the 3-Indazole-Carboxylic
Acids
P. SCORZA BARCELLONA, A. CAMPANA, B. SIL YESTRINI, and C. DE MARTINO 197
A Case of Acute Poisoning by Methyl Demeton in a Female 5 Months Pregnant
R. B. CARRINGTON DA COSTA, E. R. MAUL, J. PIMENTEL, J. S. GQNC;:AL YES, A. REBELO,
L. C. OLIVEIRA, and A. REBELO ............................................. 202
Effects of Diet Substituted in Protein Components on the Fertility and on Postnatal Growth
and Behaviour of Rats
E. CHIESARA, F. CLEMENTI, A. BIZZI, and L. MARABINI. With 1 Figure ............. 205
The Anti-Implantation Action of Tamoxifen in Mice
D. M. PUGH and H. S. SUMANO .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
VIII Contents
Effects of Tranexamic Acid on the Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Systems in Pregnancy
Complicated by Placental Bleeding
M. WALZMANandJ.BONNAR. With 3 Figures .................................. 214
Toxicity of the Progestagen STS 557 Compared to Levonorgestrel in Beagles After Oral
Administration for 6 Months
H. G. HILLESHEIM, H. HOFFMAN, J. GOTrNER, and M. OETfEL. With 1 Figure 221
Organ/Tissue Disposition of Thallium in Pregnant Rats
E. SABBIONI, C. GREGOTII, J. EDEL, E. MARAFANTE, A. DI NUCCI, and L. MANZO 225
The Effect of the Progesterone-Releasing Intrauterine Device on Uterine Endometrium and
Fallopian Tube Epithelium
B. L. SHEPPARD and J. BONNAR. With 3 Figures ................................ 231
Statistics in Toxicology
Statistical Analysis and Normality of Selected Hematologic and Clinical Chemistry Measure
ments Used in Toxicologic Studies
C. S. WElL. With 7 Figures .................................................. 237
,Statistical Simplicity in Long-Term Animal Feeding Studies of Suspect Carcinogens (Abstract)
R.PETO ................................................................ 254
Statistical Analysis of Behavioral Toxicology Data and Studies
S. C. GAD. With 4 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Statistics and the LDso Study
M. L. TATfERSALL. With 2 Figures 267
Toxicology Reference Data for the Wistar Rat
P. J. LEWI and R. P. MARSBOOM. With 1 Figure 271
Histopathology of Toxic Agents
The Ferret for Non-Rodent Toxicity Studies - A Pathologist's View
J. E. BEACH ............................................................. 279
Necrotizing Vasculitis as an Immunological Complication in Toxicity Study
V. STEJSKAL, N. HAV U, and T. MALMFORS. With 1 Figure ........................ 283
Early Toxic Events in Kidney of Rat and Man Following Administration of Gentamicin
at Low Doses
M. B. CARLIER, G. PAULUS, P. MALDAGUE, L. GIURGEA, E. WILMOTTE, M. E. DE BROE,
and P. TULKENS. With 1 Figure .............................................. 287
Ultrastructural Changes Induced by p-Benzoquinone in the Terminal Abdominal Ganglion
of the Cockroach
M.J.ROWANandP.L.CHAMBERS.With1Figure ............................... 291
Contents IX
Plasma Fibronectin in Man After a Severe Paraquat Intoxication
J. LOHMANN, G. POIT, W. ZIDEK, andH. P. BERTRAM. With 1 Figure 295
Choice of Rat Strain: A Comparison of the General Pathology and the Tumour Incidence
in 2-Year Old Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans Rats
P. GREA YES and Y. RABEMAMPIANINA. With 4 Figures .......................... 298
Prediction of the Efficacy of Hemoperfusion and Hemodialysis in Severe Poisoning
G. A. VERPOOTEN and M. E. DE BROE ....................................... 304
Preliminary Communication Investigations on Leukaemia in the F344 Rat
J. ALLEN and R. ASHBY ................................................... 307
Free Communications
Drug Toxicity and Motor Driving
J. S. SCHOU. With 1 Figure .................................................. 313
Surgical Approach to Chemical Burn Injuries of the Upper GI-Tract
H. BARTELS, B. ULTSCH, A. ERDT, G. MATTHES, and M. v. CLARMANN 317
Congestive Cardiomyopathy due to Chronic Inhalation of Trichlorethylene
W. KIRCH, W. SCHWARZ, and C. von GIZYCKI. With 1 Figure ...................... 322
Inorganic Arsenic Metabolism in Man
J. P. BUCHET, R LAUWERYS, P. MAHIEU, and A. GEUBEL 326
Sequential Effects of Dioctyltin Dichloride on the Rat Thymus
K.MILLER,M.P.SCOIT,andJ.RFOSTER ..................................... 328
Influence of Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury and Bile Duct Ligation on Metho
trexate Pharmacokinetics in the Rat
E. SCHEUFLER and M. YOUNES. With 2 Figures ................................. 331
Inhibition by Some Flavonoids of Enhanced Spontaneous Lipid Peroxidation in Vitro Due to
Glutathione Depletion in Vivo
M. YOUNES and C.-P. SIEGERS .............................................. 335
The Estimation of Caffeine in the Urine of Dogs
M.B. T. LAMBERT,J. MILLER, andJ. A. EVANS. With 3 Figures 339
Detection of Mutagenicity of Vinc1ozolin and Its Epoxide Intermediate
E. CHIESARA, A. ARNOLDI, D. COVA, and R RIZZI. With 1 Figure .................. 345
Cells for in Vitro Assessment of Chromosome Damage
RREESandJ.BOOTMAN. With 2 Figures ...................................... 349
Evaluation of Damage to DNA After in Vivo Exposure to Different Classes of Chemicals
C. F. CESARONE, C. BOLOGNESI, and L. SANTI. With 1 Figure ...................... 355
Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase: Substrate Specificity, Inducibility and Tissue Distribution
K. VOGEL, K.-L. PLAIT,P. PETROVIC, A. SEIDEL, andF. OESCH ................... 360
x Contents
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Epoxide Hydrolase From Mouse Liver
Microsomes
T. M. GUEN1HNER, U. VOGEL-BINDEL, andF. OESCH. With 1 Figure 365
Drug Metabolism in Rat Liver Injured by Thioacetamide
D. MOLLER, Th. ZIMMERMANN, and F. SCHILLER. With 3 Figures 368
Effects of Combined Administration of Lindane and Ethylenethiourea on Biochemical and
Morphological Parameters in Rats
H. J. LEWERENZ, R. PLASS, and D. W. R. BLEYL. With 1 Figure ..................... 372
Two Year Toxicity in Beagle Dogs Fed a New Protein Source
A. NUNZIATA, A. ARGENTINO-STORINO, P. MERCATELLI, and R. O. SALERNO. With
1 Figure ................................................................. 378
Elimination of Chlorfenvinphos by Different Hemoperfusion Systems
K. HRUBY, K. LENZ, W. DRUML, G. KLEINBERGER, and P. FILA. With 2 Figures 382
AuthorIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Indexed in Current Contents