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New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes Methods in Signal Transduction Series Editors: Joseph Eichberg Jr., Michael X. Zhu, and Harpreet Singh The overall theme of this series continues to be the presentation of the wealth of up-to-date research methods applied to the many facets of signal transduction. Each volume is assembled by one or more editors who are preeminent in their specialty. In turn, the guiding principle for editors is to recruit chapter authors who will describe procedures and protocols with which they are intimately familiar in a reader friendly format. The intent is to assure that each volume will be of maximum practical value to a broad audience, including students and researchers just entering an area, as well as seasoned investigators. New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes Edited by Qiu-Xing Jiang Polycystic Kidney Disease Jinghua Hu and Yong Yu Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle Mohamed Trebak and Scott Earley Autophagy and Signaling Esther Wong Lipid-Mediated Signaling Transduction, Second Edition Eric Murphy, Thad Rosenberger, and Mikhail Golovko Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells Juliusz Ashot Kozak and James W. Putney, Jr. Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function Jonathan Soboloff and Dietmar J. Kappes Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels Donglin Bai and Juan C. Saez TRP Channels Michael Xi Zhu Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling Xiaodong Cheng Lipid-Mediated Signaling Eric J. Murphy and Thad A. Rosenberger Signaling by Toll-Like Receptors Gregory W. Konat Signal Transduction in the Retina Steven J. Fliesler and Oleg G. Kisselev Analysis of Growth Factor Signaling in Embryos Malcolm Whitman and Amy K. Sater Calcium Signaling, Second Edition James W. Putney, Jr. G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Structure, Function, and Ligand Screening Tatsuya Haga and Shigeki Takeda For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.crcpress.com/Methods-in-Signal- Transduction-Series/book-series/CRCMETSIGTRA?page=&order=pubdate&size=12&view=list&status= published, forthcoming Methods in Signal Transduction Series Editors: Joseph Eichberg Jr., Michael X. Zhu, and Harpreet Singh New Techniques The overall theme of this series continues to be the presentation of the wealth of up-to-date research methods applied to the many facets of signal transduction. Each volume is assembled by one or more editors who are preeminent in their specialty. In turn, the guiding principle for editors is to recruit chapter authors who will describe procedures and protocols with which they are intimately familiar in a reader for Studying Biomembranes friendly format. The intent is to assure that each volume will be of maximum practical value to a broad audience, including students and researchers just entering an area, as well as seasoned investigators. New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes Edited by Qiu-Xing Jiang Polycystic Kidney Disease Jinghua Hu and Yong Yu Signal Transduction and Smooth Muscle Mohamed Trebak and Scott Earley Autophagy and Signaling Esther Wong Lipid-Mediated Signaling Transduction, Second Edition Eric Murphy, Thad Rosenberger, and Mikhail Golovko Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells Juliusz Ashot Kozak and James W. Putney, Jr. Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function Jonathan Soboloff and Dietmar J. Kappes Edited by Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels Donglin Bai and Juan C. Saez Qiu-Xing Jiang TRP Channels Michael Xi Zhu Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling Xiaodong Cheng Lipid-Mediated Signaling Eric J. Murphy and Thad A. Rosenberger Signaling by Toll-Like Receptors Gregory W. Konat Signal Transduction in the Retina Steven J. Fliesler and Oleg G. Kisselev Analysis of Growth Factor Signaling in Embryos Malcolm Whitman and Amy K. Sater Calcium Signaling, Second Edition James W. Putney, Jr. G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Structure, Function, and Ligand Screening Tatsuya Haga and Shigeki Takeda For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.crcpress.com/Methods-in-Signal- Transduction-Series/book-series/CRCMETSIGTRA?page=&order=pubdate&size=12&view=list&status= published, forthcoming First edition published 2020 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publica- tion and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750- 8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. ISBN: 9781138618060 (hbk) ISBN: 9780429461385 (ebk) Typeset in Times by Lumina Datamatics Limited Contents Preface......................................................................................................................vii Editor ........................................................................................................................ix Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi Chapter 1 Introduction: New Tools for Challenges in Membrane Biology ..........1 Qiu-Xing Jiang Chapter 2 Lipidomics in Human Cancer and Malnutrition ..................................9 Iqbal Mahmud and Timothy J. Garrett Chapter 3 Tracking and Imaging: SERS Characterization of Biomembranes ................................................................................25 Wen Ren and Joseph Irudayaraj First edition published 2020 Chapter 4 Scanning Angle Interference Microscopy (SAIM): by CRC Press Theory, Acquisition, Analysis and Biological Applications ..............39 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Cristina Bertocchi, Timothy J. Rudge, and Andrea Ravasio and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Chapter 5 Atomic Force Microscopy of Biomembranes: A Tool © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC for Studying the Dynamic Behavior of Membrane Proteins ..............63 CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Yi Ruan, Lorena Redondo-Morata, and Simon Scheuring Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publica- Chapter 6 Reconstituted Membrane Systems for Assaying tion and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If Membrane Proteins in Controlled Lipid Environments .....................93 any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Gaya P. Yadav and Qiu-Xing Jiang Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval Chapter 7 Cholesterol Modulation of BK (MaxiK; Slo1) Channels: system, without written permission from the publishers. Mechanistic and Pharmacological Aspects ......................................123 For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or Alex M. Dopico, Anna N. Bukiya, and Kelsey North contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750- 8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Chapter 8 Restoration of Membrane Environments for Membrane Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Proteins for Structural and Functional Studies ................................145 ISBN: 9781138618060 (hbk) Liguo Wang ISBN: 9780429461385 (ebk) Typeset in Times Index ......................................................................................................................161 by Lumina Datamatics Limited v Preface While working on the structural basis and the energetics of the lipid-dependent gating of voltage-gated potassium channels, a new hypothesis which was raised by my laboratory and has stood the test of time, I realized that the available tech- niques for studying lipids and membrane proteins in artificial and cell membranes have various limitations. My laboratory has implemented various membrane sys- tems and imaging techniques and developed our own bead-supported unilamellar membrane (bSUM) system. New techniques have been developed by others in dif- ferent directions in the past decades and could be systematically introduced in new books to researchers in the field and interested readers. Upon the suggestions of Dr. Michael X. Zhu at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA, I took the task of editing this book and a forthcoming book on biologi- cal membranes (biomembranes). New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes will introduce the latest technologies and the forthcoming book, Lipid Determanant of Membrane-Protein Interactions will be focused on the lipid effects on specific membrane proteins. This book is the result of a year or so of preparative work. My initial goal in this part is to introduce newer techniques for analysis of biomem- branes. New technologies always drive our studies to a higher level and a newer frontier. Lack of high sensitivity and high spatial and temporal resolutions in study- ing individual lipid molecules in biomembranes has been a long-standing bottle- neck. Different techniques to be introduced in the main body of the book reflect the ample efforts of different investigators in this area. I hope that some of these efforts will ultimately lead to tools for studying individual lipid and protein molecules in a native environment, which once achieved will reveal unprecedented insights into lipid-protein interactions and the co-evolution of membrane proteins with the lipid environments of their native niches. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Zhu and all contributing authors. The editorial team at CRC Press, including Dr. Chuck R. Crumly, Mrs. Ana Lucia Eberhart, and their colleagues worked hard to accelerate the publication of this work. I am deeply indebted to their time and efforts. This work is dedicated to Dr. David Gadsby of the Rockefeller University, who passed away early this year and had been a giant in structure–function studies of membrane proteins and whose work has influenced my own work significantly in the past. Qiu-Xing Jiang Gainesville, Florida vii Editor Dr. Qiu-Xing Jiang is an associate professor in the Department of Microbiology and Cell Science at the University of Florida, and the head of the Laboratory of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics. In 2020, he is becoming the Director of cryoEM Center at the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute in Buffalo, New York. He earned a BS in biophysics from University of Science and Technology of China, an MS in cellular biophysics from the Institute of Biophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a PhD in cellular and molecular physi- ology at Yale University. He did a postdoc training at The Rockefeller University before starting his independent research. Afterward, he was an assistant profes- sor of cell biology at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas until he relocated his lab to Florida in 2015. Dr. Jiang received a EUREKA award from NIH of the United States in 2009 and a National Innovative Award from AHA in 2012. His lab has performed substantial amounts of work on membrane biology and molecular biophysics. Currently Dr. Jiang’s research programs focus on three general areas: (1) membrane biology with main interests in lipid-dependent gating of voltage-gated ion channels and roles of membrane proteins in the regulated secretory pathway; (2) intracellular RNA-binding complexes and the structural basis for their signaling; and (3) chemical functionalization at the nanometer scale and its application to both cryoEM imaging and biological questions. ix

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