New Techniques for Future Accelerators III: High-Intensity Storage Rings-Status and Prospects for Superconducting Magnets

230 Pages·1990·5.7 MB·English

by  K. Johnsen (auth.)

New Techniques
for Future
Accelerators 111
High-Intensity Storage
Rings-Status and Prospects
for Superconducting Magnets
ETTORE MAJORANA
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor:
Antonino Zichichi
European Physical Society
Geneva, Switzerland
(PHYSICAL SCIENCES)
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High-Intensity Storage Rings-Status and Prospects
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New Techniques
tor
Future
Accelerators 111
High-Intensity Storage
Rings-Status and Prospects
tor Superconducting Magnets
Edited by
Gabriele ToreIli
University of Pisa
Pisa,ltaly
Plenum Press • New York and London
Llbrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicatlon Data
Seminar on New Teehniques for Future Aeeelerators (3rd 1989 Eriee.
Ita 1y )
New 'eehniques.for future aeeelerators III high-intensity
storage rings, status and prospeets for supereondueting magnets
edited by Gabriele Torelli.
p. cm. -- (Ettore Majorana internat10nal sc;ence series.
Physieal seiences ; v. 53.)
"Proeeedings of the tenth workshop of the INFN Eloisatron Projeet,
Seminar on New Teehniques for Future Aeeelerators III ... held
Oetober 16-24, 1989, in Eriee, Sieily, Italy"--T.p. verso.
Ine 1u des bl b 1 i ograph i ca 1 referenees and index.
ISBN'j3: 978'j'4684'586j'9 e-ISBN-j3: 978-j-4684'5859'6
DOI: 1O.1007/978-j-4684-5859·6
I. Supereondueting magnets--Congresses. 2. Storage rings
-COngresses. 3. Partiele aeeelerators--Teehnique--Congresses.
I. Torell i, ~abriele. II. Title. III. Series.
OC761.3.S46 1989
539.7'3--de20 90-26665
CIP
Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop of the INFN Eloisatron Projecl:
Seminar on New Techniques for Future Accelerators 111: High·lntensity
Storage Rings-Status and Prospects for Superconducting Magnets,
held October 16-24, 1989, in Erice, Sicily, Italy
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5861-9
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1990
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
A fundamental step towards gaining a deeper understanding
of our world is to increase the resolution of the investigative
instruments we use; i.e. to increase the energy, and hence to
decrease the wavelength, of the particles which constitute our
probes.
Almost any substantial progress in our understanding of the
fundamental laws of Nature has been obtained when a new
generation of accelerators has allowed us to achieve a new
energy range. The new results have generated new questions,
thus encouraging us to construct new machines to reach even
higher energy levels.
The relative energy gain from one generation of
accelerators to the next is progressively increasing. The
energy ga in suggested by the theoretical predictions at the
time has usually been much greater than the value allowed by
our technical capabilities. But this smaller energy gain
permitted by accelerator technology improvement has generally
been sufficient up until now to bring about a substantial
increase in our knowledge.
Hence a large increase in accelerator energy is very
important, and we know that this result can essentially be
obtained by developing some new device or some new approach.
Bearing this in mi nd we dedicated the Third Workshop of the
"INFN Eloisatron Project" to RF techniques looking at
Superconducting Cavities and Microwave Devices, and we now open
this Ninth Workshop the third Seminar devoted to New
Techniques for Future Accelerators - to examine closely the
state of the art for the production of the other fundamental
component of any future accelerator the Superconducting
Magnet.
I am very glad to open this Workshop in this deli~htful
town of Erice and I hope that you, a very qualified group of
specialists, working together for a week in a location ideally
suited to the fruitful interchange of ideas between scientists,
will greatly improve our knowledge in this field and thus play
a part in its future development.
Gabriele Torelli
CONTENTS
THE ELOISATRON ................................................ 1
K.Johnsen
THE BASIS FOR THE DESIGN OF SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR
MAGNETS .................................................. 11
P.Schmüser
PERSISTENT CURRENT EFFECTS IN SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR
MAGNETS .................................................. 25
P.Schmüser
CORRECTION MAGNETS ........................................... 49
C.Daum
DYNAMIC APERTURE CONSIDERATIONS FOR LARGE SUPERCONDUCTING
SYNCHROTRONS ............................................ 69
F. Willeke
HIGH-FIELD SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS FOR PARTICLE
ACCELERATORS ............................................. 87
R.Perin
THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS AND
LORENTZ FORCES OF AN LHC DIPOLE MAGNET .................. 107
C.Daum
COOLING OF THE SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SHIELD IN THE
ELOISATRON MAGNETS ...................................... 115
L.Resegotti
PROBLEMS ARISING FROM BEAM LOSSES IN SUPERCONDUCTING
COLLIDERS ............................................... 127
L.Burnod
STATUS REPORT ON SSC DIPOLE R&D 147
C.Goodzeit, P.Wanderer, E.Willen, J.Cottingham, G.Ganetis,
M.Garber, A.Ghosh, A.Greene, R.Gupta, J.Herrera, S.Kahn,
E.Kelly, G.Morgan, J.Muratore, A.Prodell, M.Rehak, E.P.
Rohrer, W.Sampson, R.Shutt, P.Thompson
CRYOSTAT DESIGN FOR THE SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER
DIPOLE ................................................. 161
T.H.Nicol
DIPOLE MAGNET DEVELOPMENT FOR THE RHIC ACCELERATOR .......... 175
P.Wanderer, J.Cottingham, G.Ganetis, M.Garber, A.Ghosh,
C.Goodzeit, A.Greene, R.Gupta, J.Herrera, S.Kahn, E.Kelly,
G.Morgan, J.Muratore, A.Prodell, M.Rehak, E.P.Rohrer,
w.Sampson, R.Shutt, P.Thompson, E.Willen
vii
FINE FILAMENT NbTi CONDUCTORS: DESIGN AND LARGE SCALE
PRODUCTION ............................................. 189
M.Thöner
CONTRIBUTION TO THE "ROUND TABLE ON THE INDUSTRIAL
INVOLVEMENT IN SC MAGNETS PRODUCTION" ................... 193
S.Wenger
SUPERCONDUCTORS FOR ACCELERATORS AND DETECTORS .............. 195
M.Thöner
COLD TESTS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ANSALDO HERA
DIPOLES ................................................ 201
A.Bonito Oliva, R.Penco, P.Valente
SUPERCONDUCTORS FROM FINLAND ................................ 207
I.Campbell
MANUFACTURING OF SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES AND CABLES ........... 211
G.Barani, S.Ceresara, G.Donati, R.Garre
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCONDUCTING SEXTUPOLE/DIPOLE CORRECTOR
MAGNET FOR LHC AT TESLA ENGINEERING, ENGLAND ................ 219
S.A.Bates
PARTICIPANTS ................................................ 223
INDEX ....................................................... 227
viii
THE ELOISATRON
K. Johnsen
CH-1261 La Rippe
Switzerland
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of an exceptionally large proton-proton
collider, the Eloisatron, has been initiated by Professor
Zichichi. The goal is to reach 200 TeV centre-of-mass energy
in a tunnel of 300 km circumference. The bending field of the
collider will have to be about 10 T. The total bending length
will in that case be 209.6 km/ring. The rest of the
circumference will be used for focusing elements, correcting
magnets, acceleration cavities, beam instrumentation, injection
and extraction systems, and most important of all, the
insertions for the interaction regions. It is tentatively
proposed to house these in two major groups, each group
occupying about 15 km. The facility will thus have the shape of
a race track similar to the arrangement already proposed during
the LSR study about 10 years ago and recently adopted in the
SSC design. Each group could have three interaction points, as
indicated in Fig.1.
The main rings will be fed from a cascade of synchrotrons
(most likely three in succession) which in turn will be fed
from a linear accelerator. This is also shown schematically in
Fig.1. Here the last of the injector synchrotrons is assumed
placed in the same tunnel as the main rings, and therefore does
not appear as a separate ring, but other arrangements are also
possible.
In the following are some comments on the main subsys-
tems.
2. INSERT IONS
The main purpose of the experimental insertions is to
transform the beam properties such that the crossing regions
become very intense event sources while still maintaining ac
cessibility for detectors and otherwise making the facility
flexible and convenient to use.
New Techniques for Future Acceierators 1I1
Edited by G. Torelli, Plenum Press, New York, 1990
15 Km
• •
main ring
injector rin9
second
injector ring
300 Km Clrcumference
~ Interaction regions
Fig.1.Possible ELOISATRON layout
I
QF QD Q, Qo QD
-::E--E------+-I --------~·!·4-------~\-------t--f------i~--t------'
I
l i I I! I i '
'Sm· 19.5m' 30m 30m U.5m Sm· U.5m 3m· 19.5m
Fig.2.Anti-symmetric layout of experimental insertion
This arrangement would give:
ßmax 18900 m for ß* 0.6 m
ßmax 4770 m for ß* 2.4 m
2
These are often contradictory requirements, and compro
mises must be found, perhaps leading to different solutions for
different interaction regions. The final arrangement will also
depend much on detector developments over the next decade or
so, for instance, on how beam-focusing systems can be inte
grated into detector components. It seems likely that interac
tion regions of very high luminosity will be wanted with the
strongest possible focusing near the interaction points, for
instance, a of about 1 m or less for luminosities above 1033
cm-2s-1.
In order to see whether this is feasible, simple scaling
from the corresponding LHC configuration can be performed
(CERN87-05), Only the triplets at either side of the interac
tion point will be considered since these are the most critical
elements. Scaling gives a 75 m long triplet consisting of four
15 m long quadrupoles with 5 m between each. Their gradient be
comes 350 Tim. The free space from the interacting point to the
first quadrupole is 30 m and the system has an antisymmetric
quadrupole arrangement about the interacting point. The ~ at
the crossing point can be made 1.25 m and the maximum ~ in the
triplet becomes 8250 ffi.
Recently Scandale has presented an improved insertion for
LHC (LHC note 68). If this design is taken as a basis for scal
ing, different parameters and smaller ~* are also obtained for
an ELOISATRON insertion. The result is a triplet length of 102
m. Each triplet is made of four 19.5 m long quadrupoles, again
with 350 Tim gradient. The free space would still be ±30 m.
This structure is shown in Fig.2.
Thus a ~ of less than 1 m seems realistic, at the expense
of very large ~max. As will be seen later, this means that the
machine can be tuned to the lowest ~ (and therefore highest lu
minosities) only in the high-energy range. Near injection ener
gies one will have to be content with more moderate values of
~*. In all this it is assumed that chromaticity corrections are
possible to make the dynamic aperture at least as large as the
physical aperture. More studies are needed both on the detector
side and the machine side to arrive at overall optimum ins er
tions. A particular problem will be to incorporate a system for
dumping the 100 TeV protons with stored energies in the giga
joule range.
3. MAIN RINGS
~ Lattice
The main rings should provide two colliding proton beams
of 100 TeV each with the highest feasible luminosity in the in
teraction regions. A total circumference of 300 km will require
a bending field of ab out 10 T.
Simple scaling from existing designs of similar smaller
projects gives a good starting point for further analysis. An
example is given in Table 1.
3