New Structures PDF
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.L.NERNVEIW STRUCRTE NewS tructures ThAer chitePcrteusLrsoa nld on TranslbaytG eidu sepNpiec oletti Publisihnte hdeU . K.a ndC ommonwea(letxhc eCpatn ada) - byt hAer chitectural Press, London, 1963 SeconIdm preiosns,1 964 © 196b3y V erlGaegr Hda tjSet,u ttgart PrintienGd e rmany Contents Introduction 6 PireBluliil dMiinlga,1n 9,5 5-56 10 Projfeoctrth Mee schAiqou edu1c9t5,4 18 ProjfeocartS porHtasl ilnF loren1c9e5,5 -56 20 Projfeoctrth Uen dergrBoausnidl aitLc oau rd1e9s5,5 -56 22 GalbaBnuiliidn g·,M ila1n9,5 5-56 24 ProjfeocartS wimmiPnogo ilnM ila1n9,5 6 26 StadiTuamo,r mi1n9a5,6 28 Projfeoctrth eC ompletoifto hnAe g neElxlhii biHtailTolun,r i1n9,5 6-57 30 SmalSlp orPtasl a(cPea lazdzeellot Stpoo rRto)m,e 1,9 57 32 ProjfeocFrti umicIinntoe rcontAiinrepnoRtroatml,e1 ,9 57 40 Projfeoctrth Cea thedorfNa elw N orciPae,r tAhu,s tra1l9i5a8, 48 UNESCOH eadquarPtaerri1ss9,,5 3-58 54 LargSep orPtasl a(cPea lazzoS pdoerRltol)mo,e 1,9 58-60 66 FlamiSntiaod iRuomm,e , 1958-59 84 Projfeocartn I cRei niknR ome1,9 59 96 NewR ailwSatya tiSoanv,o n1a9,5 9-60 100 CorsFor anVciiaad uRcotm,e1 ,9 60 108 PalaocfeL abouTru,r i1n9,6 ()-61 118 Projfeocart M ulti-puHraplKolas,se s eGle,r man1y9,6 1 136 ProjfeocartS poratnsdE xhibiHtailfolon tr h Gee noFaa i1r9,6 1 142 Projfeocart G randstaanndCd l uHbo usaett heL ibeBretlyPl a rRka cecourse, PhiladePlepnhnisay,l vUa.nSi.a1A,9. 6,1 148 Projfeocart C overReadc ecou1r9s6e1, 150 FieHlodu seD,a rtmoCuotlhl eHgaen,o vNeerw,H ampshiU.rS.eA.,,1 961-62 54 "BuPsa ssengFearcsi'l aitGt eyo"r gWea shingBtroind gNeew,Y orCki tUy.,S .1A9 61-62 56 BurgPoa.peMri lMla,n tu1a9,6 1-62 164 451989 "L'archeirt eeatlcttouasr tar uctotnicveap ita correttear meeanltiecz oznaa mtoar e." Thivso luimsae c olleocftp ihoont ograanpddh rsa wionfsg chse meIhs a vweo rkoendd uritnhpgea sfti vyee ars. Ihta bse eanp eiordo fp articIunltaeranlcsyte i fvoimrte yn, ootn lbye cauosfwe h aIth avbee eanb lteoa ccom plibsuhat,l saon,di np airctul,ba ercauosfte h ceo ntawcittcsho lleatghueeex sc,h aonfgi ed eaasn,dt hoeb ser vatiaonndrs e flecIht aivobene sea nb lteom akoen t hper obloefcm o nstruicngt einoenar nadsl trucatrucrhail tectiunpr aer ticular. Morteh aann ytheilnsagec ,t iansjg u rionir m porItnatnetr ncaotmipoentailgt aivmoeen t sh oep portaunntdih tey , neefdo,rr e flecTthiego rne.na utm boefrp rojepcrtess enitnte hde sceo mpetiatnidto hnoesb viocuasrw ei th whicthh ehya db eesnt udsiheodw celde atrhlaeyr chiteccotnucreoapflta s g renatu mbeorfd esignferrosm diffecroeunntt rEixecsef.po tsr o mepr ojewchtiscc ho nfortmoet dh em osotb soltertaed itfioornmaall ism, alongostihdeeor fts h meo setx cessfiuvtiseum r-ano bvidoeumso nstorfat thrieao dni yceastlt ,ii nlclo mplete, revolwuhtiiwcoihnt haif ne wd ecadheasus p stehtve e ryb asoifsa rchitectthuoruaglh tm-otshoteb viocuhsa ractercoimsmtoitncoa l armgaej oroiftt hype r ojepcrtess ewnatset dhu en reisnterdsae arfcohtr h nee wa ta ny price-eavtet nhp er iocfie n constructibility. Onec annhoetls pei neg,t oot,h aetv etnh meo srte speocftae rdc hitemcatguarzailon fteesnp ublish-without warnionftg h eIinrc ongruityt-hperr eoajleiczotafswt hiiocwnho ulpdr esiennstu rmoudnitfafbilcoeur al ties dispropowratsiotonefma attee rainadll asb .o ur Icto u.ladl mboess at itdh amta ny-tmoaon y-desihganvefero sr gotthtaettnh per lmvuimv eorfae n ya rhci tectwuorraIklsd erifvreodam s olainddd u rasbtlreu cotrugraanlai snmd, tahnaa rtch itecstcuhreamhlea sn o valIufeI tdo enso rte spectb atshfioacsc ewt hsi cwhi,t htihlnei moiftt sh tee chlongoyo ft hmeo menetn,a ble construtcobt eci oornr ectlyo utc.a rried Norc anw en egltehceetc onoamnidmc o rraelp ercusosfwi oornwksh icohnt hoen eh anidn volcvoelso ssal interaensdet msp loayg sr emaats osf w orkearnsdo, nt hoet heri-tbqsyu aliotfhi aersm obnayl,a nfcuen,c tion, beauotfpy l annainndlg a youta-ccatas an q uibeutet f fecetdiuvcea tiinofnlaule nce. Iti st,h erenfeocrees,s tahraaytr chitbeecp truorpeev rallyu aenddt, h aittp sr otagoannidps rtosm ot(earrsch i tecbtusi,l dsetrusd,ec nrtist,wi hcespn)l ,a nneixnegc,u atnidnj gu dgainna gr chitewcotrubkre,aa lw aroeft he neceitsyos fc onsidtehrmeia nngay b straancdmt a terviaallut ehsma ete Itni t. A plaacpea rt-aap nlda wchei cihsc ontinguraolwliiynni g m portangciev-teionts h aste ctoifoa nr chtiutreec thatb ecd aenf ianse" ds trucatrhucirtaelc ture". Althoaus gthr ucotrugraanlhi assam l wabyese innd ispensatboel vee croyn struacntdei xoanm,p olfet shm eo st beautsitfruulc taurrteeo bs e f ounidnt hree moptaes ittc, o nb es aid thagtr esattr ucatrucrhailt ewcatsu re boranb oauc te ntaugroya, n dt hawteo wei tt ot hsei multaanpepoeuasr oafnt cher feaec tTohress.fe a ctors, whicarhoe n layp pareinntdleyp enadreetn:ht re,e fineomfte hneto roifs etsr ucatnuarlayals nitdsh ,ce o nsequent posibistlyio fi nvestiag partiiotnhrgsei t abiolfei vteycn o mplicsattaetsdiy cs tetmhsei; n dusatnrdil aolw cosptr oducotfhii gohn- qumaelcihtayn miactaelrs iuacalhsss teaenldc oncraentdte h;ee m ergeenacceyh e aorf news trucotfui rnecsr eassiizsneug,ca hsr ailawnaday i tre rmiInnadluss,bt uriiladlsi tnagdsli,aa rt,gh ee atarnde s veryt abluli ldings. Witthh ien creiants hese i zoefb uliidngsw ithaif ne wd ecadtehsse t ruchtausar ceq uisruecidhm porttahnacte ihta bse cotmhefe u ndameelnetmaoelfn mt u cahr cehcittuarnedt ,h ererfaoirseue,ns p recedpernotbeldfe rmosm thtee chnaiswc eallal st haee sthpeotiioncftv i e w.I its t hoasrec hiteencgtisn,eb eurisl,da enrdcs r itwihcoas r e capaoblfwe o rkiinnt gh issp eciafliieozlfesd dt rucatrucrhailt eacntdwu hroea ,r ep repatroef da cteh eev en morceo mplperxo bloefmt shf eu tuwrheow, i ilnle victoambtelo ty h feo rient hnee xdte cades. InI taalnydt, oa g reeaxtt einnot t hceoru ntarsiw eeslt lh,fe u tutreec hniacnidpa lnasn nienar lstl h vea sfti eld ofb uildairtnerg a iInnte wdod iffeartemnots phersecsh-otoohlfeas r chitaencdtt uhrseec hooolfcs i veinlg i neering. Fropme rsoenxaple riaenndfc reo,om b servatmiaodnews h enj udgicnogm petiotrir oenasd iinnsg p ecialized Journaablosus cth emfersom ma ncyo untrImi uessct,o ncltuhdasetc hooofla sr chiteacntdau rrceh,i teccitrural clegse neraarlnelo yw,a ldlo minabtyae f do rmawlhiiscimhs f undamesnitmailtllotay hr ao tff ifyteya argso voiodft echnpirceaolc cupbautctio onncse,rw nietfdha ncsiufpuelr ficial decoration. Thes ystoeftm e ac,hw ihnigcnhe cesseamrpihlays tihzieem sp ortoafdn rcaew itnhgce,u stoofms tudyairncgh i tectcurriciaitls omfa ne ssentfioarlmnlaaylt uarnedt, h Ien adeqeumapthea bsyim sa niyn struocntt ohnrees cessoifta y v alsitdr ucbtoudrfyao ler v earryc hiteicdteulare,aa tldh ear chitescttuudreeanvlte ,in f a lmost unconscitoosu eseli yne, v erayr cehcittuwroarlsk o methaibnsgt rwahcihtche i dentwiifttihhe gesr aphtihcast repreisteC.no tn frobnyta e nde ws trucptruorballhe emf ,i rtshti nokfas f oramn ds ettiltie nsp erspective sketcThhee,sbn .y d egreheees l,a boraantdde esv eliowtpi st haosuktih nigm swehleft haettr h,ee n da,lt lh ciasn bet ranslianttaoes dt abalnedr easonably setcrouncotmuircea.l Ont hoet hhearn tdh,se t udoefne tn gineeorwiinnbggo, tt hoh ifsi eolfsd t udayn,dt ot hhea boifmt a themla tica reseairncchu lcbaymt aendiy n structhoarbsoi-ftst eheei envge croyn strupcrtoibolnieantml h aeb strlaicgth t ofa c omploeffx o rmualnadde e velotpheedo riceasp-aibsol ffe o rmulaantdir negs oltvhiern egl atsitvaet ic problem. Frohmi pso ionfvt i etwh,se t aboifla is ttyr ucbteufroeir,bte e comtehspe h ysirceaallw ihtiyct hh eordione ost creabtueot n lhye ltpoi nvestigatea, p robbelcoeoftmm h emese hcaniocfts h eel asstyisct eTmhs,i.i s fm athe mattceallalbyo raactqeu,iar perse -eminent ainmdbp eocrotmaaennes cn edi nI ts.e lf Thuwse c ans atyh acto nfrobnyat n eedw s trucptruorballte hmme,e ntaatlt iotfut dhneee e-arcihsti ott heicntk ofa f oramn,dt haotft hnee o-engiistn oed eirr ehcitm steolwfa rafd isn per ocedoufcr ael culBaottifhoo nr.g et thaats trucitsnu orteh biunatgs ystoefmr eactainodInn tse rsntarle scsaepsa obflb ea lanacs iynsgt oefem x ternfaolr caensd;t, h ereifomtru esb,te c onceiavsae mda teorrigaaln diisrme cttote hdap tr eceinsde. Ands intchese t renogfat sht rucitsdu erpee ndeeinttoh nei rtc so rrespotnoad s ionugns dt rucstyusrtaoelrm , one acohfi tpsa rbtesi anbgl teow ithstthasent dr esses ipnri otid,tiu sce evdi dtehnatat st hbea soifsa ny strucptruorjaoelnc ert e quiar veasls itdr uc-ctounrsatliornuasclhct emea,sw elalst hcea lculoaftt hiieon nt ernal stresosfie tpssa rts. Tom ym intdh,ee s senocfce o rrsetcrtu cdteusrialglin ei snf indaipnpgr opsroilautteti oto hniesn divciadsuea l andi nl ettoinnegs beelg fu idbeydt hset rucptruorballae lmo anneds olviiwtni gt hfoourtmp arle conceoprt ions cultruermailn iscences. Befoirtie sd evelofpuerdt ehveerrs,yo l utwihoinci hsv iewientd e romfsb romaadx ismhso ublesd u bietcot ed explorcaatlocruyl attovi eorniisft,fys e asiabnidil itststy r ucetfufriaclia enntdc oey s,t abiltfis,s rdhs, tm eonnss . Iits a bsutrocd a rtrhyr oaunga hr chitepcrtoujwreiactlth cohuetc ktihnaigtit s s tructsuoruanbldul,ity it s J USats absuredtt, h ipsr elimsitnaa,gryt e oe mbaroknc omplceaxl culatthiaroten qsu liornemg a themadteivceallo pment. Aftetrh ifsi resxtp lorasttoargwyeh ,i chw ilblem orper oductthiavane m ordee taislteuddo yft hpeo ssisbole lutiwoonuslb de o,n ec ang oo nt ot hcheo icoeft heb essto lutainodtn h etno i tpsr ogresrseifvien efmreonmt thaer chiteacntdcu ornaslt rucptoiionontfavs li ew. Int hisse copnhda sseu,b jecetlievmee onfta sna esthetic-arncahtiuatrreeaec d tduertdaot l h peu reelcyon omic, structaunrdta elc,h nfiaccatlo Irnfs a.c eta,ch p ossisbolleu twiiolhnla viet osw ns peciafricch iteecxtpurreasl sioann,di tosw nt echniccoanls,t rucatnideo cnoanlo,mch iacr acterIisnot tihcwesor;r distw, i lhla vmee irtsa nd weaknesAsnedsI .tIs precitshecelo ym paraetviavleu aotfai lotlnh eseel emenatnsdt, h fe insaell ecotfit ohne solutwihoinchp resetnhtems o smte ritthsa,it st hees senacnede pitoomfte h dei ffi"cauroltfdt e sign." Myv arioeuxsp erieansac deess igannedtr h mea nyo bservaIth iaovnmesa deo fg reastt ructoufrt ehsep ast !9r.dt hep resehnatv,le e dm e tob elieivnte h ee xistenacneu nopfr edicatnadnb oltee a isly explairnaepd porbte tweteenc hniccoarlr ectannedas ess theetxipcr esOsnieoc no.u ladl mossatyt hatte chnciocrarle ctness constiat suotreotsfg rammoafra rchitescpteuher,caa nldj ,u satsI ns pokoernw ritltaenng uaigites I, m possible withiottuo ta dvantcoae h ighfeorr omfl itearnadary r tiesxtpirce ssion. HoweveIrof,n ee xamitnheceso mpariistIo sen a,s tyo s eet haitnt hfei eolfda rchitectthucero en tributions of techniccoarlr ectanreems usc hr ichIentr h eeifrf eocntt h feo rmeaxlp resosfia o bnu ildwionrgtk h atnh osoef grammiantr h feie ldo fl iteraItnfu arcweth.,i tlhere u leosfg rammaarre l imittoep dr evenetrirnogtr esc,h nical correct(ntehisassto, b edietnosc ter uctaunrdca oln strucrteiqouniarle maenndtt hsue,s eo fm ateraicaclosr ding tot hesipre cinfaitcu craen)o ffteord aays,i nt hree moptaes atn,I nexhaussotuirboclfeIe n spiration. Iti ss uperfltuoro eucsat lhdlei relcitnb ke twetehnve a ritoyupsi eclaelm eonftp sa satr chitec(t-::uarpei tcaols, lumbna sefsr,a mecso,r nicsepsa,n drreulsst,i coaflt airobgnue i ldiGnogtshc,io cn strupcltaineostn,c a .n)dt he varioruesqir uementthsas tu ggesitfen do,tc ompeltlheedmb,;u itit s v eriyn teretsoot bisnegr tvheat to danye w - materainadls st ructpurroabll eomfsfu esri nspiramtoitoinvaels m atyjh uastt ifbieacbolmye cthrhaaec teristic elemeonfto su arr chitecture. Ofc oursaen,yt echnoircc aoln strucstuigogneaslit siv oanl uaobnlleay s a dirieocn-ptoin,to erir nspirIatti on. always lneoatviecsef arbeleed toomt hep ersosneanls itoiftv hidete ys igjnuesrats,t htee chnipcoailn ttehrast gavrei steom any foarnmdsa tlr uctural inet lheaemr ecnhtist eocftt hupera es lte fthtme o scto mplete freedom fotrh eiinrd ividdeusailg n. It hitnhka at g resatte tpo warad nse wt,r uset,r uctaurrcahli tewcitlhul;r webe e emna dea ss ooans d eisgners arec onvintcheaedtv eryp arotfa struchtausr-ei int sealnfdi, nI trse latiotnots hhmeia pt eroifaw lhsi cihti s buialntdt oi tssp ecisftiactf iucn ctiopnost-ean itnitarli,fn osrimca,l riachnndte hsatsth, ee s senocfae s truc turparlo jaencdtt hwei detsite flodtr h mea nifesotfap teirosno sneanls itciovnistiiysn at csc eptiinntge,r preting andr enderviinsgit bhleeso eb jecrteiqvuei rements. Ib elietvhee,r e,ft ohraIetti sn ecessfaortryh set ructdueirsganlet rod evelaos pp echiaabloi ftm indo:nt hoen e han,df refer ofmo rmparle concepitnt ihoesn esn soefb einrge adtyof olltohwde i rectainodon bsj ecstuigve gestitohnawsti lbleo ffetroeh di mb ys tructourcr oanls trucrteiqouniarle moentn htoest ;h hearn dt,r usttihnagt ina cceptsiunchsg u ggestainoddn esinfi ngt hewmi tlho vaen du ntircianrhgee ,w ilblea blteof intdh meo setl o quenetx presosfhi iosn opwenr sonality. Ifst ructduersailg naerrteso b ec apabolffe a citnhgie m prespsriovbel oefmt sh nee afru tuIrt eh,i intIk s n eces sartyoc reaatnei ndepenadnedsn pte ciaulniizveedr csoiutryws hei,cw ho uladd mibto tghr aduaartceh itaencdt s civeinlg in.eT ehrecs ourswehsi,chc oldul asttw oy earssh,o uilndc lutdhee oresttiucdaibleo sto hf a technical ands tructnuartauelrx ea,m intihnegim n t hepirra ctaipcpalli caatnidco onusr,so efasf ormnaalt uwrietr,he search Inttoh er appotrhtah ta sa lwabyosu ncdo nstrutcota ieosnt heetxipcr essTihoenys. h ouallds coo nsitdheer developomfem nett hoodfsb asiccac lulattiofo onl ldouwr itnhgep hasoefs tructcuornacle ption-calculations thaetv,e mno rteh atnh �c lasosniecos f s tructaunraallyr seiqisru,ea profouunndde rstaannddmi ansgt eorfy thweo r·lodst t ructure. Inc losiIsn hgo,u llidkt eoc allt ot haet teonnot fia richtecetnsgn,ie ercsr,i ticsa-ltalhn fedo lloowfet rhswe o n derffuileo lfad r chitectaunor bej-etcort eiavleti otooy f ten negalnedmc otreoedf ,t en dtehnrioeuadg d he cep tive faonrdcm ualtlu riadlaa linz aotfti hoea rchitefcatcumtra:at le risatlast,ti hcest ,e chnoolfoc goyn struction, ecnoomiecf ficiaenndfc uyn ctinoendeasla, r eth ev ocabuolfaa rryc hitescptecuehr.a l Iti si mposstiobe llee vates pseuectchoht hel evoeflp oet(rayr chiteocrte uvreteno) c orrpercots( eg oocdo n structwiiotnh)ao upte rfect undeofrt shtivason cdaibnugla anrydo, ft hreu loefsg rammars yanntd(a txe chnique) witwhh icthh emyu sbte c ompo.s ed P.L .N ervi PirBeulillid Miinlga1,n9 ,5 5-56 ArchitGe.Pc otnsAt:.i F ,o rnaAr.oR lois,s eGl.Vl ail,t oEl.Di enlal,' Orto StrucdteusriaAgl.nD :a nu,sP s.Lo .N ervi Theh eigohftt h beu ildaibnogvg er ouins4d 1 5 Bfetl.og wr ouintgdo es dow3n8 f tT.h ea rchitbeacsctioscn' c ecpotn siisnat r eidg siodl id-walled poiantet a cehn dw,i tthhm ea ximoufcm l esapra cteob, ed ivibdyem do v ablpea rtitbieotnwseT,eh ni.ss u ggesctoemdp letthisent gr ucbtyu rae minimnuumm boefrl areglee mecnotmsp arianbr lieg itdoit thpyeo ints. Frotmh ias s trucwtausdr eev elocpoends isotffi onutgrr ian"ghuallafr poin(ttsw"ao te acehn da)n df oumra ssiwvaelc lolu mn.sI na d esiogfn thitsy pieti sm ositm porttoam natk feu ulsleo ft hvee rtliocaadlas n,d cartrhye omn e lemesnhtasp teodw i thshtoarnidz foonrtca(elws i lnoda d). Becauosfte h mei nimduemp tohft hfel oboera masn dt hevierry l ong spa(n8 f0t i.wt)a so rigiinnatlelntydo pe rdoid vef oprr estretshseaimsn g ap recauatgiaoinun nsdtud ee flecHtoiwoenv.te hree,x celrleesnuotlb t tainaettd h fei rlsotian dgt esltet dot haeb andonomfte hnpitrs o jwehcitc h woulidna, n yc ashea,v aed detdot hdei fficoufcl otnisetsr uGcrteiaotn . carwea so fc ourtsaek teono btaaih ni gqhu alciotnyc raentdte h mei x wass ubjetcotc eodn stcahnetc ktihnrgo ugthhoweuh to lpee riooftd h e worTkh.fe o undactoinosnio sfst tsr oaftc al aayn df insea ntdoa d epotfh ove1r6 f0ta .n dt or edutchepe o ssiboifsl eitttyl edmeeeinpnt j ecotfi ons cemegnrto wuetr e caorurtTi.he etd o tlaolao dnt hfeo undations amounts toa pproxi6m0a,t0e0l0y Totpo rnesv.e nt ptohsesrimmboalvlee meinnt the floors nfsreto oem x cgeisvssitinrvgee s isnte hsreig iedn dtsh,fe i rst nine flocoornss traorunecs tleiddb ienagr iFnrgosm. the nuipnth floor wardtsh,pe o inatrsse u fficfileenxtfilobytrl h ee rmal mtoovt eamkeen t plawciet hionudtu ceixncge ssive strients hspeeo si noetriis ntt hheer flo.oI rnas nyc asteh,e rmal moonva enmsyec nactlo eu olndl tya kpel ace duricnogn struocrit nit ohnue,n liekveelonytf a f ailouftr heae i cro n ditiopnlianngt . 1 Viefwr oamb ove. 2 Plaonft hger oufnldo or. 3 Typifclaolpo lra n. 0 -·· ----- ---- ,, u -- ---- ---- II II : . 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