New Species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina, Ramalinaceae) from the Hawaiian Islands

5 Pages·2002·0.48 MB·English

by  Hiroyuki Kashiwadani

植物研究雑誌
.JJpn. Bot.
77: 351-355 (2002)
，
New Species of Ramalina (AscomycotinaRamalinaceae)
from the Hawaiian Islands
Hiroyuki KASHIWADANla，Cl ifford W. SMITHb and Kwang Hee MOONc
aDepartment of Botany，Na tional Science Museum，To kyo，
Amakubo 4-1-1，Ts ukuba，30 5-0005 JAPAN;
bDepartment of Botany，T heNa tural History Museum，
Cromwell Road，Lo ndon SW7 5BD，En gland，U. K.;
TheNa tural Science Institute，S ook-Myung Women's University，
C
Yong San-ku，Se oul，1 40-742 KOREA
(Received on July 6，2 002)
Ramalina reptans and R. subrotunda from the Hawaiian Islands e'described as
紅
new to science. They are endemic to the islands.
Key words: Hawaiian Islands，li chens，Ra malina，ta xonomy.
Members of the genus Ramαlina e rocks in windy locations along the coast. R.
紅
among the most prominent macrolichens subrotunda is ac orticolous species which is
throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Magnusson readily distinguished from other species of
and Zahlbruckner (1944) and Magnusson the genus by its fan-shaped lobes and narrow
(1956) in their studies on Hawaiian lichens holdfast. There two chemical races of
紅'e
in European herbaria reported 39 species，17 this species.
of which were endemic. Further review of
their treatment and substantial additional col- Methods
lections in the islands indicated an eed to re- The specimens were collected mainly by
vise the genus using modern taxonomic the authors during their lichenological Jield
characters，p articularly the chemistry and works in 1997-1999. The secondary prod-
inner structures of the thallus (Kashiwadani ucts were detected by thin layer chromatog-
1986，1 987，K ashiwadani and Kalb 1993， raphy (TLC) using amended procedures of
Kashiwadani and Nash 1994). In the course Culberson and Johnson (1982). Anatomical
of reviewing extensive collections by the variation within the thallus and apothecia
authors from the islands as well as borrowed was studied using sections cut by hand with
material from BM，H ，L D，S ，U PS and W， a razor blade. They were mounted in
we have found two apparently undescribed lactophenol-cotton blue solution and the
species. Weg ive the names R. reptans and anatomy and spores were examined with
R. subrotunda to these new taxa and provide standard light microscopic procedures.
descriptions herein.
Ramalinαreptαns，a s axicolous species on Results and Discussion
，
lava，ha s au nique creeping thallus and often Ramalina reptans Kashiw.，C .W.Sm. &
forms radiating colonies. This unique habit K.H.Moon，sp . nov. [Fig. 1]
within the Ramalinaceae is found only on Thallus ut in Ramαlina umbilicatae sed
352 植物研究雑誌第77巻第6号 平成14年12月
Fig. 1. Ramalina reptans Kashiw.，C .W.Sm. &K .H.Moon (holotype)，sc ale = 2m m.
lobis repentibus et sorediis destitus differt. Thallus 150-200阿nthick; cortex distinct，
Acidum usnicum et acidum salazinicum composed of 2'-3 layers of thin-walled cells，
continentibus. 18-20阿nthick; chondroid layer smooth to
Type: U.S.A. Hawaii. Molokai Island. moderately cracked，d iscontinuous，u p to
Molokai District: Pohakuloa P ，.tca 1k mN E 100μm thick; medulla dense. Apothecia
of Waialua. On exposed rock along coast; laminal or subterminal，u p to 1.5 mmi n
elevation about 10m， H. Kashiwadani diam.; margin entire; disc flat to convex;
39973-holotype in BISH and isotype in thalline exciple smooth， usually with
TNS. pseudocyphellae; hymenium 40-45 阿n
Thallus saxicolous，u p to 2 cm long， hypothecium 20-30仰nthick; ascospores
loosely attached to the substrate by scattered shortly fusiform，8 -12 x3 .5-4問;pycno-
hapters，sp inglybranched，f orming radiate conidia rod-shaped，3 -4 x0 .5μm.
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rosettes. Branches more or less dorsiventral， Chemistry: usnic and salazinic acids.
attached，s olid，c reeping on the substrate， Ramalina reptans is characterized by its:
plane，u p to 1.5 mmw ide; upper surface yel 1) saxicolous habit; 2) sparingly branched
国
lowish green，wi thout soredia or isidia; lower dorsiventral lobes forming radiating thallus
surface pale to ochre yellow，w ith scattered which are attached to the substrate by scat
由
hapters. Pseudocyphellae ellipsoid，p lane to tered hapters; 3) absence of soredia or isidia;
more or less convex，c ommon on upper sur- 4) the smooth to weakly cracked chondroid
faces，s parse or lacking on the lower surface. layer; 4) the shortly fusiform spores of 8-
December 2002 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vol. 7i No. 6 353
12 x 3.5-4阿nin size; and，5 ) presence of 39968，3 9978 & 39979 (BISH，T NS). Oahu Island.
salazinic. Ramalina reptans resembles R. Honolulu District: Makapuu Poin .tOn exposed rocks，
70-145 m al ，.t October 16，1 997，H . Kashiwadani
umbilicata，a lso from Hawaii. However，it
39681 & 39685 (BISH，T NS); Makapuu Point. On ex-
can be distinguished from the latter by the
posed rocks，8 0 m al ，.tOctober 16，1 997，Y . Ohmura
creeping lobes without soredia. In the latter 3873 (BISH，T NS). Waianae District: Ca. 2k m Eo f
species，th e lobes紅eupright and bear granu- Kaena. On rocks (lava)，3 0 m al ，.tJune 23，1 999，H .
lar soralia. Kashiwadani 42151 & 42156 (BISH，T NS).
At present，R amalina reptans is known
Ramalina subrotunda Kashiw.，C .W.Sm. &
only from Lanai，M aui，M olokai，a nd Oahu
islands where it grows on rocks (lava) along K.H.Moon，Sp . nov. [Figs. 2a，2 b]
the coast. Thallus ut in Ramalina palmiformis sed
Specimens examined. Lanai Island. Lahaina apotheciis m紅ginalibus，sporis minoribus
District: 7 km NNE of Lanai city along Koele- (usque ad 14μm longibus) et acidum
Koeomuku Trail，o n rocks，1 60 m al ，.tMay 26，1 999， divaricaticum vel acidum homosekikaicum
H. Kashiwadani 41840 (TNS). Maui Island. Lahaina et acidum sekikaicum continentibus differt.
District: Punalau P ，.tHonokohau，o n rock，5 0 m al ，.t
Type: U.S.A. Hawaii. Hawaii Island，
June 14，1 998，H. Kashiwadani (40949，B ISH，T NS) &
South Kohara District: Koaia Tree
K.-H. Moon; Kanounou Point，a long R 340，o n rocks
along the coast，5 0 m al ，.t June 22， 1998，H . Sanctuary，4 00 m N of Puu Kawaiwai (200
Kashiwadani (41168 & 41169，B ISH，T NS) & K.-H. 03"N，1 55044"W)，o n bark of Acacia koaia，
Moon. Molokai Island. Molokai District: Ca. 1k mS E elevation 960-1000 m，J une 10， 1999，H .
of Halawa. On rock along Highway R450，1 50 m al ，.t Kashiwadani 42028-Holotype in BISH，
November 2， 1997， November 5， 1997， H.
isotype in TNS.
Kashiwadani 40011b (TNS); E shore of Kalaupapa
Chemistry (TLC): usnic acid，d ivaricatic
Peninsula. On rock，1 0 m al ，.tNovember 8，1 997，Y .
Ohmura 4271 (BISH，T NS); Pohakuloa P ，.tca. 1k m acid and 4"-O-demethyldivaricatic acid.
NE of Waialua. On exposed rock along coast，1 0m Thallus corticolous，g reenish yellow，r o
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al ，.t November 2，1 997，H . Kashiwadani 39965 ，
Fig.2. Ramalina subrotunda Kashiw.，C .W.Sm. & K.H.Moon，a) specimen with sparingly branched
lobes and m 'ginalapothecia (holotype)，b ) as pecimen with monophyllous lobes (C.W.Smith
訂
950530002)，sc ale bar = 1c m.
354 植物研究雑誌第77巻第6号 平成14年12月
sette-like or sparingly branched from an absence of pseudocyphellae on lobes and in
紅-
row holdfast. Branches solid，p lane，u p to 3 producing bourgeanic acid. It also resembles
(-5) cmb road; surface reticulately ridged on R. sinensis Jatta，a s pecies widely distributed
both sides， without isidia or soredia; in the Northern Hemisphere. However，t he
pseudocyphellae laminal，s cattered，m ore or latter is distinguished by the presence of
less depressed. Thallus irregularly thickened anastomosing ridges with decorticate inter-
160-640μm thick; cortex indistinct，8 -10 stices towards the holdfast and by the ab-
阿nthick; chondroid layer scattered，s mooth， sence of depsides.
irregularly thickened， 20-240 阿n thick. Two chemical races，a divaricatic acid
Apothecia common，m ginalor laminal in containing race (Race 1) and ah omosekikaic
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aged branches，u p to 7( -10) mmi n diam.; and sekikaic acids containing race (Race 2)
disc plane， becoming convex; thalloid erecognized for the Hawaiian material.
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exciple entire， rarely pseudocyphellate; They e'indistinguishable morphologically
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hymenium 40-45μm thick; hypothecium， and appe tobe sympaicin the present
訂 佐
10-15μm thick; proper exciple 12-15阿n area，t hough the divaricatic acid race is ap-
thick; ascospores short fusiform，s aightor parently more common.
甘
slightly curved，1 0-14 x4 -5凹n.Pycnidia It grows on twigs of佐eesin rather ex-
not seen. posed condition at elevations between 600 to
Ramalina subrotunda is characterized by: 1000 m. One collection was made on Cocos
1) the corticolous habit; 2) the fan-shaped nucifera trunks in the pkinglot of as uper-
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monophyllous or sparingly branched lobes market in Lihue，K auai Island at elevation
with reticulate ridges on both surfaces; 3) the 100 m.
absence of soredia or isidia; 4) the discon Specimens examined. (Race 1) Hawaii Island.
四
tinuous chondroid layer without cracks; 4) North Kohalaa District: Road from Waimea to Hawi，
the shortly fusiform spores; and，5) the pres- on bark of Acacia koaia，1 000 m alt，A ugust 25，1 994，
c.
W. Smith 940825 (BISH，T NS); the same locality，
ence of homosekikaic and sekikaic acids or
on bark of Casuarina equisetifolia，1 000 m alt，M ay
divaricatic acids.
30，1995，C .W. Smith 950530002 (BISH，T NS); 2k m
Ramαlinαsubrotundαdiffers from the SSWo f Puuanahulu，al ong Mamalahoa Hwy. On bark
most known species of Ramalina in having of Metrosideros polymo中ha，600 m alt，J une 9，1 999，
round and spinglybranched lobes with H. Kashiwadani 41999 (BISH，T NS). South Kohala
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more or less reticulate upper and lower sur District: 1k mN Wof Puu Loa，a long Kohala Mountain
司 Rd. On bark of Casuarina equisetifolia，1 060 m al ，.t
faces and in producing m ginalapothecia. It
紅 June 10，1 999，H . Kashiwadani 42031 & 42032 (TNS);
superficially resembles R. palmiformis， a
8m iles NWo f Waiaka，a long Kohala Mountain Rd.
species reported from Mexico. However，it On Casuarina equisetifolia，1 030 m al ，.t June 13，
can be easily distinguished from the latter by 1999，H. Kashiwadani 42064 (BISH，TN S); 9-10 miles
the marginal apothecia with smaller NWo f Waiaka，a long Kohala Mountain Rd. On
Casuarina equisetifolia，e levation 1080 m，J une 13，
ascospores (up to 14仰nlong)，an d the pres-
1999，H . Kashiwadani 42073 (BISH，T NS); the same
ence of di varicatic or homosekikaic and
locality with the type，K. -H. Moon 3884 (BISH，TN S).
sekikaic acids as major chemical substances;
Molokai Island. Molokai District: Kupaia，ca . 3k mW
R. palmiformis has submarginal apothecia of Kamoku Flats. On bark of Acacia sp.，6 60 m al ，.t
with 1紅gerascospores (15-17仰nlong) and November 12，1 997，H . Kashiwadani 40292 (BISH，
TNS).
produces boninic acid as am ajor chemical
(Race 2) Kauai Island. Lihue District: Lihue，o n
substance.
bark of Cocos nucifera，1 00 m，O ctober 24，1 997，H .
This new species might be confused with
Kashiwadani 39815 (BISH，T NS). Waimea District:
R. mollis Krog &のsth.，as pecies reported along Kukui Trail，Ku kui. On bark of Eucalyptus sp.，
from the Canary Islands，wh ich differs in the 500-850 m alt，O ctober 23，1 997，H . Kashiwadani
December 2002 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo .l77 No. 6 355
39786 (TNS). Maui Island. Hana District: Auwahi. References
On bark，6 00 m alt，J une 23，1 998，H . Kashiwadani
Culberson C. and Jhonson A. 1982. Susbstitution of
(41200b，B ISH，T NS) & K.H.Moon. methyl tert.-butyl ether for diethyl ether in the stan-
dardized thin-layer chromatographic method for li-
Wew ish to express our sincere thanks to chen products. J. Chromatography 238: 483-487.
Dr. S. Kurokawa，T oyama City，fo r his criti- Kashiwadani H. 1986. Genus Ramalina (Lichens) in
cal reading of the manuscript. Sincere thanks Japan (1). OnR amalina calicaris (L.) Fr. in Japan.
Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus.，S er. B 12: 89-98.
are extend to Dr. G. Staples of Bishop
一一一1987.Peruvian species of Ramalina (Lichens).
Museum，H onolulu，D r. T. Flyn of the
In: Inoue H. (edよ Studieson Cryptogams in
Na tional Tropical Botanical Garden，K auai， Southern Peru，p p. 129-144. Tokai University
Ms.1. Yoshioka of The Nature Conservancy Press，To kyo.
Hawaii，M olokai and Mr. R. Bartlett: Maui 一一一一andKalb K. 1993. The genus Ramalinαin Brazil.
Lichenologist 25: 1-31.
Pineapple Co. Napili for their kind help dur-
一一一andNash T. H. 1994. New or noteworthy species
ing our field survey. This study was sup-
of the genus Ramalina (lichens) from northern
ported by a Grant -in Aid for Scientific Mexico. Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 87-92.
Research from the Ministry of Education， Magnusson A. H. 1956. A catalogue of the Hawaiian
Science，S ports and Culture of Jap an to H. lichens. Ark. Bot. 3( 10): 223-402 +8 p ls.
Kashiwadani (no. 02640642). 一一一andZahlbruckner A. 1944. Hawaiian Lichens.
111. The families Us neaceae to Physciaceae. Index.
Ark. Bot. 32A (2): 1-88 +1 0 pls.
柏谷博之 ，C. W.スミス ，文光喜 ハワイ諸島
a b C'
産カラタチゴケ属の2新種
筆者等が採集したハワイ諸島産のカラタチゴケ 表裏両面共に網目状の凹凸を持つ地衣体を形成す
属を分類学的に精査した結果，Ramalina repωns る.本種はメキシコから報告されたR.palmiformis
とR.subrotundaの2新種を記載した.いずれも に似ているが，子器が地衣体の縁に形成され，子
ハワイ諸島特産種である.R repωnsは海岸の溶岩 嚢胞子の長さが14jllll以下と小さく，地衣成分と
上に生育し，地衣類全体で基物に付着するという してセッカ酸かデイパリカート酸を持つ点で区別
本属としては特異な地衣体を形成する.本種は， できる (a国立科学博物館植物研究部，
ハワイから記載されたR.umbilicataに似ているが， 英国自然史博物館植物研究部，
b
地衣体の形状と粉芽を欠く点で区別される.R. c淑明女子大学自然科学研究所)
subrotundaは樹皮上に生育し，扇子状に広がり，