New species of Erythrina and Mucuna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae) from Madagascar and the Comoros

10 Pages·1996·5.4 MB·English

by  D J Du Puy

—
& N
Du
Paratypes. Puy, Lewis Schrire M568, Madagascar, Antsiranana (Diego Suarez) Province,
D.J.
Ankarana Massif, north-east of the village of Ambondromifehy, Mahory forest, 12°52'S, 49°14'E, 28 Nov.
1992, (K, P); Vaucoulon 65, Province de Diego Suarez [Antsiranana], Massif de l'Ankarana, 11 Sep.
st.
1989, (P); Vaucoulon 142, ibid., 6 Oct. 1990, old (P); Vaucoulon 319, ibid., 23 Nov. 1990, (P).
st. fr. st.
known
E. ankaranensis is only from two fertile and three sterile specimens (the description of
Du
the pods being taken from Vaucoulon 142, and the leaves from Puy et al. M568), all from the
Ankarana Massif northern Madagascar. occurs open deciduous woodland and scrubland,
in in
It
m
on exposed limestone cliffs, boulders and "tsingy" (eroded karst and pinnacles), at ca. 100-200
The March
flowering time recorded and
altitude. as April.
is
very distinctive in flower colour, small, glabrous, spathaceous calyx and unusual
It is its its its
papery, inflated, narrowly winged pods. The pod of E. ankaranensis somewhat resembles that of
&
E
greenwayi from Barneby Krukoff
E. Verde, Africa (the only species in section Tripterolobus
many
of subgenus Erythrina), but this latter differs in important characters including deeply
its
5-lobed leaflets, campanulate, 2- or 3-lobed calyx, wings exceeding the keel, and free keel
its its its
SE
petals. E. ankaranensis also superficially resembles E. stricta Roxb. from Asia (section
Suberosae Krukoff of subgenus Erythrina), E. stricta differing in keel shape, entirely diffe-
its its
rent pods without wings, leaflets without lobes and scarlet flowers.
its its
&
Du
hazomboay
Erythrina Puy
Labat, nov.
sp.
Species indumento pseudoracemi
distincta calycisque
c
spathaceo et purpureo-nigro in alabastro, alis minutis 7 mi
non
vexilli connatis.
—
E
Type. R. Decary 18145, Madagascar, Fanovana (E Perinet), 16 July 1942, (holo-, P).
fl.
m
A
when many
small tree to ca. 6 tall, flowering the foliage is present; twigs thick, with small
prickles, finely tomentose at the tips only, soon glabrescent. Leaflets elliptic to triangular-ovate,
3,
x
6-17 4.5-12 cm, truncate to broadly cuneate basally, the apex shortly tapering, glabrous, coria-
ceous, 3-veined from and
distinctly the base; petiole without prickles; glandular stipels large elon-
gated along
the petiole.
cm
Pseudoracemes brown
ca. 17 long, shortly pedunculate, densely tomentose with dark
short,
mm mm
when
young;
hairs bracteoles acicular, ca. 3 long, caducous. Flowers 40-45 long, red.
Calyx and
ellipsoid purple-black in bud, splitting behind the standard and becoming spathaceous,
mm
25-30
long, densely tomentose with
blackish hairs. Standard broad, elliptic, ca.
x mm,
35-45 35-40
much
truncate apically, with a very short claw; wings minute and smaller than
7x2
mm,
the keel, oblong, enclosed by x mm,
the calyx; keel obovate, ca. 17 12 the petals free.
mm
mm
Stamens 32-45
long; anthers large, 10-12 long. Ovary densely woolly with long hairs.
mm
Pods
with a stipe ca. 15 long, elongate-oblong, compressed, 10 x cm,
slightly robust, 2.5
ca.
thickened along the margins, glabrous, very coriaceous, with raised veins, appearing indehiscent,
mm
with 2 seeds (only one pod Seeds x x mm,
available). ellipsoidal, 18 12 12 the hilum 7 long.
—
&
Fig. 2. Erythrina hazomboay Du Puy Labat: A, habit; B, flower and inflorescence a\ix ( hud: D, standard petal;
—
mada-
E, wing; F, keel; G, staminal sheath; H, ovary. (All drawn from Decary 18145, holotype, P). Erythrina
&
gascariensis Du Puy Labat: habit; apex of inflorescence and flower; K, calyx;
I, J, J"
keel; O, staminal sheath and ovary; P, pods; Q, seed. Q,
(I, P,
c"
K; J-O. from Phillipson 2261, K).
—
May TAN); Reserves Naturelles
Paratypes. Moral 4949, Masoala, 1000 m, 1975, imm.fl. (K, P, 9.
Andrambovato, Tolongoina, Fort-Carnot, 1951,
Antalaha, Service Forestier 63-R-230, st. (P,
(P);
s.d., st.
Andrambovato,
14835-SF,
Andrambovato, (TEF); Service Forestier
TEF); Service Forestier 22-SF,
s.d., st.
Fort-Carnot, 15 Mar. 1955, TEF); s.coli, 12 BA., P0008342, N° de la parcelle, C.A., 3 Mar. 1950, fl.
(P,
fr.
(P).
humid, and moss-rich
hazomboay endemic Madagascar, evergreen, lichen-
to eastern in
E. is
on and uncommon and only known from the upper slopes of the
forest hilltops ridges. is is
It
on Masoala Peninsula,
eastern escarpment (Fort Carnot; near Perinet) and at high altitudes the
m
800-1000
occurring at ca. altitude.
This species characterised by indumentum of blackish, simple hairs, its spathaceous calyx,
is its
minute wing petals and free keel petals. The pod is robust, and probably reaches larger
its its
dimensions than given above. This species does not appear to within the subgeneric classifica-
fit
&
Krukoff Barneby having unique combination of a spathaceous calyx split-
tion of (1974), the
and minu-
ting behind the standard, simple or sparsely branched (not stellate) hairs, free keel petals
wing
te petals.
meaning
name
The specific epithet hazomboay the Malagasy for this species,
is
crocodile-wood, reference the sharp prickles on the twigs and branches.
in to
&
Du
Puy
Erythrina madagascariensis Labat, nov.
sp.
&
Krukoff Barneby, Lloydia 37: 439 (1974), pro parte majore,
i
m
A
small deciduous tree or large shrub 3-10 flowering and fruiting before the leaves
tall,
appear; trunk swollen, the diameter breast height 15-25 cm, the bark silver grey, the outer layer
at
cove-
easily scraped off and green beneath, with robust prickles; twigs thick, pithy within, densely
mm
red in sharp, strong, black prickles 3-10 long, floccose with dense, pale brown, stellate hairs.
Leaflets broadly triangular-ovate, 6.5-22 x 7-24 cm, truncate basally, shortly acuminate apical-
3,
which can be
not lobed, soon glabrescent above, densely floccose beneath with stellate hairs
ly,
easily scraped off, eventually partially glabrescent, strongly 3-veined from the base; petiole often
few
with a prickles; glandular stipels ovoid.
cm
Pseudoracemes 25-50(-80) long, robust and many-flowered, the flowers in groups of 3, the
mm
axis floccose with dense, pale brown, stellate hairs; bracteoles minute, ovate, ca. 1.5 long,
mm
caducous. Flowers very large, 55-80 long, the standard bright red becoming green the base,
at
the wings and keel orange-brown, the stamens bright red. Calyx fusiform in bud with thickened
1
mm
and 4 slender apical appendages 3-8 long, splitting to near the base and becoming spatha-
mm
ceous, held to one side of the flower, 25-35 long, the apical appendages persistent, floccose
with dense, pale brown, stellate hairs which rub off as a powder. Standard petal oblong-elliptic,
x mm,
50-75 20-30 obtuse apically, with a short claw; wings slightly longer than the keel, cres-
mm; mm,
cent-shaped, 14-20 x 5-8 keel 12-18 x 7-10 truncate apically, the petals free. Stamens
mm mm
exserted far beyond the keel, 50-70 long; anthers 4.5-5 long. Ovary floccose
stipitate,
with dense, white,
stellate hairs.
mm
Pods with a stipe 25-50 long, moniliform and strongly constricted between the seeds, some-
x
times coiled into a spiral, 13-30 1.7-1.9 cm, beaked apically, floccose with dense, yellow-brown,
powdery, stellate hairs, splitting along one side, with 6-16 seeds which are persistent on the
margin pod x x mm,
of the after opens. Seeds ellipsoidal (11-)13-16 (7-)8-9 (7-)8-9 bicoloured
it
mm
bright orange-red and black, glossy, with a white hilum 5-6 long.
—
W
NW,
Paratypes. Madagascar: Academie Malgache P0008352, Baron
Oct. 1904,
s.n., et (P);
fr.
6829, s.loc, (K); Baron 6941, s.loc, (K); Basse P0008354, environs de Manja, 23 Sep.
s.d., s.d., s.n.,
fr. fl.
1931, (P); Basse 23, environs de Manja, 23 Sep. 1931, (P); Decary 8240, Maintirano, 29 Aug. 1930,
fl. fl.
TAN); Decary 8293, environs de Tsitampiky, 4 Oct. 1930, Douliot P0008361, de
fl. (P, fl. (P); s.n., foret
W
& Du &
Manarivo, Sep. 1891, (P); D.J. B.P. Pity Andriantiana M516, Madagascar, Province of
fl.
SW
N
km km
Mahajanga (Man 20 Bckopaka, 2
- a. ca.
<- <-
MO, TAN, WAG); Du &
Antsakoazato, 19°16'S, 44°43'E, ca. 40 m, 30 Mar. 1990, fr. (K, P, D.J. Puy Lewis
N
km
M561, E
Madagascar, Antsiranana (Diego Suarez) Province, near Irodo, ca. 20 Sadjoavato, 12°39'S,
MO,
49°30'E, 21 Nov. 1992, (K, PRE, TAN); Grandidier 29, Bohire, 1879, (P); Greve 47, s.loc,
fr. P, fl.
s.d., fr. (MO, P); Humblot 435, s.loc, s.d.. fl. (P); Jardin Botanique de Tananarive 6538, Ambahivahibe,
&
Diego Suarez, 3 July 1944, (P); Keraudren Aymonin 25482, environs de Diego Suarez, sud d'Orangea,
fl.
Andovokonko, 24 Nov. 1970, (P); Labat, Deroin, Edmond. Raharison & Laivao 2221, env. d'Antsalova,
fr.
MO,
TAN, WAG);
Berano (Reserve Naturelle 18°28'S, 44°42'E, 100-200 m, 28 Nov. 1992, (K,
9), fr. P,
Lome!
Leandri 233, Tsingy de Bemaraha e Reserve), 1932/1933. P): 260, s.loc, 50-200 m, Oct.-Nov.,
(9 fl.
I
Mora! 824. mule Be>alamp\ -Maintirano. Oct. 1964, TAN); Perrier de Bdthie 4741,
(P); (P, la
fl., fr. fl., fr.
W
Madagascar, Baie du Mont Mirafy (Bassin du Maharivo, au sud de Morondava), Aug. 1911,
(P);
fl.
Perrier de Bdthie 4872, P0008378, Ouest, Besalampy (Milanja), Nov. 1913, (P); Perrier de la Bdthie
la
fr.
4872, P0008379, bords de mer dans ou sables, mais surtout au voisinage des habi-
s.loc, la [es rocailles les
tations, July 1914, Phillipson 1801, Province of Tulear, near Beza Mahafaly Reserve, along banks of
(P);
fr.
Sakamena May (MO, TAN);
River, 23°39'S, 44°38'E, 13 1987, P, Phillipson 2261, Province of
st.
SW
Bemamba
Mahajanga, along road from Antsalova Masoarivo, near crossing of marshes, 18°50'S,
to
44°27'E, 30 m, 25 Aug. 1987, (K, MO, TAN); Poisson 675, Mahaboloko (Mahaboboka), 5 June 1923,
P,
fl.
m
(P); Reserves Naturelles l-R-324, Canton et District de Morondava, 100 au nord de la Station Forestiere
st.
d'Ambalarao, 24 Mar. 1955, (P): Reserves Naturelles, Dokobe, 11068-RN, Canton et District d'Antsalova,
st.
7 Oct. 1959, Service Forestier 4079-SF, Morondava, Androvaha [Androvabe 18 Oct. 1951,
(P); ?], fr. (P,
fl.
TEF); Service Forestier 12569-SF, Morondava, Analaiva, Andranomena, JB 8, 17 Feb. 1955, fr. (P, TEF);
MO, WAG);
Service Forestier 14370-SF, Montagne des Francais, Diego Suarez, 29 July 1955, (K, TEF,
P,
fl.
Service Forestier 19508-SF, Poste Belo-sur-Mer, 6 Aug. 1959, (P, TEF); Service Forestier, Rabevohitra,
fl.
May
29803-SF, Morondava, Station de Betsipotika, 19 1980, (TEF); Service Forestier, Rabevohitr—a,
fr.
32037-SF, Ville de Maintirano, 9 Feb. 1981, (TEF); Ursch 151, Province de Diego Suarez, s.d., (P).
fr.
fr.
Comoros: Humblot Anjouan:
Mayotte: Boivin 3453, 1847-1852, imm.fr. (P); 435, s.loc, s.d., (K, P);
fl.
Waterlot 897, Domoni, July 1923,
(P).
fl.
common
E. madagascariensis the most widespread and species of Erythrina in Madagascar.
is
Madagascar, from Onilahy River
occurs throughout the lowlands of western and northern the to
It
Menabe Morondava
of from
the northern tip of the island, especially in the coastal plains the to
—
—
232
Comoro
Maintirano. also occurs in the Islands. leciduous woodland and
It dis-
It
turbed areas, usually on sand and often in humid or seasonally marshy habitats, sometimes coas-
m
tal, at up to about 200 altitude. It flowers in the dry season from July to October. Sometimes
it
planted as cuttings to form barricades and enclosures. The wood used and
is cattle is for fuel to
make
known
charcoal. In the western region under the vernacular names of "Manongo",
it is
"Manonga"
"Vombara", and "Magonga"
or
as in the north.
E. madagascariensis easily recognised by dense, mealy indumentum of
is its stellate hairs, its
very large red flowers, its calyx forming a spathe with apical appendages, wing petals as long
its
as the keel and moliniform pods with red and black bicoloured
its seeds.
&
This species was included by Krukoff Barneby
in E. perrieri R. Vig. (1974: 439-440), but
examination of the type specimen of this latter has shown that differs in many major characters
it
including its bilobed calyx, its minute wing petals, its fused keel petals with an apical point, and
&
indumentum Krukoff Barneby
of simple remarked on
its hairs. (1974, as E. perrieri) also the
of known Harms
similarity this species to the poorly E. schliebenii ex Mildbr. from Tanzania, but
them
they maintained
as distinct species, at least whilst the pods and seeds of E. schliebenii remain
unknown.
E. schliebenii also differs in its leaflets which are almost glabrous beneath, twigs
its
with sparse prickles, and its even more densely floccose inflorescences and calyces, but the flower
structure appears be
to similar.
Mucuna &
Du
manongarivensis Puy
Labat, nov.
sp.
—
NW
& Du &
Type. D.J. B.P Puy, P.P. Lowry G. Schatz M232, Madagascar, Sambirano, Manongarivo
Massif, near Beraty on the track to Ankaramy, near Ana slopes of Mount Maromiandra,
May
14°02'S, 48°13'E, ca. 70 m, 20 1989, (nolo-, K; K, MO, TAN, WAG).
fl., fr. iso-, P,
m
An
evergreen 4-10 more when
liane or tall; stems twining, glabrous except for a few hairs
mm
very young. Stipels 3-5 long,
persistent. Leaflets 3, ovate to elliptic, the laterals unequal-sided,
mm,
x
8-16 4.5-10.5 rounded
basally, the apex extended into a slender acuminate sparsely and
tip,
minutely
hairy beneath,
glabrescent above,
thinly coriaceous.
cm
Inflorescences
axillary, pendulous, 15-45 long, long-pedunculate, not branched the spe-
(in
cimens
available but recorded on
as paniculate the label of Perrier de la Bathie 4120), the flowers
produced on
swollen
or slightly elongated nodes towards the inflorescence apex; bracts and brac-
mm
x mm.
teoles oblong-elliptic, 15-27 8-15
Flowers 55-65
long, greenish white purple
(or
?).
mm
Calyx
cup-shaped, 20-27
long, silvery pubescent and with appressed ginger with 4
bristles,
mm
mm
triangular teeth, the lowest tooth ca. 15 long, the others 10-12 long, the upper tooth
notched
apically.
Pods x
oblong, 17-24 4.5-6 cm, with many
obliquely transverse lamellae which or
are entire
undulating and
frequently extend more way
than half across the pod before they are interrupted,
—
Mucuna
Fig. n
3.
very densely covered in irritant ginger bristles, with 3 or 4 seeds. Seeds subspherical, compressed,
x x mm,
ca. 23-25 20-23 14-15 mottled ginger and black; hilum very long and extending around
three-quarters of the circumference of the seed.
—
Paratypes. Decary 1567, env. de Moramandia, Ankaramy, Decary
2170, June
s.d., (P); ibid., 11
fl.
&
km
1923, (P); Gauthier, Chatelain Derleth 2431, Reserve speciale de Manongarivo, Besinkara,
fr. a l'E
1
d'Ambalafary, 14°04'S, 48°17'E, 350 m, 24 June MO, TAN, WAG);
1994, (G, K, Perrier de Bathie
fr. P, la
May
4120, base du Massif du Manongarivo,
1909,
(P).
fl., fr.
This species is endemic to north-western Madagascar, confined to a small area bordering on the
Sambirano
region, around the base of the Manongarivo Massif, in evergreen forest along streams
m
and in secondary vegetation, at up to ca. 500 altitude. The flowering time recorded as from
is
March
May.
to has the vernacular names of "Saribo" "Vahampimikry" and
It "Vahisaribo".
M.
manongarivensis from M.
differs the closely related paniculata in inflorescences with
its
much
shorter peduncles which are not branched into a panicle in the flowering portion, and in
its
pods with diagonal transverse flanges which much
are
less interrupted.
—
We
Acknowledgements.
would
like to thank Margaret Tebbs for the illustrations, and Dr. R.M.
Polhill comments Du
for his on the text. Dr. Puy thanks the Weston Foundation for the support of his
research in Madagascar and at Kew, and the Royal Society for the opportunity undertake collaborative
to
We
research in the Laboratoire de Phanerogamic
Paris. are grateful to the National Geographic Society for
We
support with field work Madagascar. would
in also like to thank the Directors and staff of the Laboratoire
de Phanerogamie,
Paris, the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Pare Botanique Zoologique de
et
Tsimbazaza,
Antananarivo,
the Centre National de la Recherche sur l'Environnement, Antananarivo, and the
Eaux
Direction des
et Forets, Antananarivo, for granting permits for our research.
REFERENCES
—
Lackey &
A. 1981. Phaseoleae: 301-327, R.M. Raven PH. Legume
J. in Polhill Advances
(Eds.), in
Systematics Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
1
.
—
&
Krukoff
Barneby
B.A. R.C.
1974. Conspectus
of species of the genus Erythrina. Lloydia 37:
A
new
subspecies of Carex
(Cyperaceae) from
Somalia and
Ethiopia
Summary:
genus Carex new
In the a subspecies
is described, viz. C. brunnea Thunb. subsp.
occi-
bed from Japan, and
the utricles and achenes of
the
SEM
holotypes of
both subspecies are by
illustrated photographs.
Resume
Description dans genre Carex
d'une
le nouvelle sous-espece brunnea
Thunb.
(C. subsp
:
brunnea
falls Lye). C. a ete a l'origine decrit du Japon
les utricules akenes
et les des holo-
;
types des deux
sous-especes MEB.
sont illustres par des photographies au
95%
Since around
of Somalia
consists of and
hyper-arid, arid semi-arid
lands, not unex-
it is
pected
that the genus Carex represented by two They
is species only. are found
in the slightly less
arid mountains in the North (see Lye Thulin
in 1995).
No
identified species of Carex was recorded from Somalia by Cufodontts
However,
(1971).
his record of Carex from &
sp. eastern British Somaliland (Glover C
Gilliland probably
s.n.) is
negrii Chiov., and the record from Al Madu
eastern (Bally 10996) possibly brunnea Thunb.
is C.
These
specimens
presumably
are at K, but I have not been able to find them despite numerous
visits.
The
African mainland taxon of the Carex brunnea complex new
here described
is as a subspe-
a Thunberg
subsp. occidentalis Lye,
\
Subsp. a
nov. subspeciebus
cceetteerriiss uuttrriiccuulliiss aabbrruupptte contractis et rostris longioribus
differt Utriculi
mm c
3.5
iter
longi.
Somalia, Sanaag region, Karin Xaggarood, 48°52'E,
',
—
—
236
A
woody
fairly slender tussocky perennial with a compact horizontal rhizome and numerous
mm
cm
crowded Culms
culms. 30-60 long and 1.0-1.5 thick, triangular, scabrid to subglabrous on
angles. Leaves many; lower sheaths dark reddish brown with almost black nerves, sometimes
mm
cm
splitting up into fibres; the blades to 40 long and 3-4 wide, scabrid on margin and
flat, ribs
towards
particularly the apex. Inflorescence of 1-3 slender stalked or subsessile spikes from each
of the 3-8 uppermost sheaths (depauperate specimens from dry with a of 3-4 spikes
sites total
much
only); subtending bracts leafy and mostly longer than the spikes (but the uppermost shor-
mm
cm
ter). Spikes 1-3 long and about 3 wide, consisting of 5-15 distantly female flowers
set at
the base and 2-6 male flowers at their tip; the male part of the spike much shorter than the fema-
mm
Glumes
3-4 brown somew-
le. long, ovate-lanceolate, light reddish with a pallid 1-3-nerved
hat scabrid midrib ending in the acute apex; male and female glumes similar, but male and upper
mm
female glumes two
often not scabrid. Style with slender stigmas about 3 long. Utricle oval and
mm
mm mm
lenticular, about 3.5 long and 1.2-1.3 wide including a prominent 0.5-0.8 long cunea-
mm
te base and a distinct beak about long; densely short-hairy except near the base; nerves many
1
mm mm
and prominent on both sides. Nutlet up to 2.5 long and 1.5 wide, ovate-lenticular, almost
brown
smooth, dark or
pallid.
—
Ecology. Rocky
deep
gully in shade in evergreen bushland with Buxus, Juniperus, Olea,
Pistacia and Acokanthera on limestone, or shade of Podocarpus 1400-2060 m.
in
forest,
—
known
Distribution. In Somalia from from Sanaag
the type-collection the region in the
north only; also in Ethiopia; other subspecies or Yemen (Hooper Madagascar,
varieties in 1984),
&
Mauritius and from India Japan (Kukenthal Kern Nooteboom
to 1909;
1979).
—
—
Material
studied. Somalia: Mooney
Thulin et 8982, type (UPS, K). Ethiopia: H.F.
al.
Sidamo
5641, region, Adola, 30°E, 5°55'N, shade of Podocarpus 2060 m, 27 1954
in forest, Jan.
from bnmnea
» subspecies subsp. from Japan longer
differs particularly in the
abrubtly narrowed, but also in the larger and more elliptic achene (Fig.
1).
!
—
Acknowledgement.
The
electroscan-photography was made Reed
possible through E. Laboratory
at
of Analytical Chemistry, Department
of Electron Microscopy, The Norway. The
Agricultural University of
photographs were taken by
the author.
REFERENCES
—
Cufodontis Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta. Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg.
G. 1971.
1483-1495.
Suppl.:
—
new
Yemen
Two Carex and northeast Africa distribui
Hooper montane species of in -
1984. forest
S.
new Kew 747-751.
nal records and a variety. Bull. 39:
—
&
Kern Nooteboom Flora Malesiana 107-187.
1979. 9:
H.P.
J.H.
—
Weinheim.
Das Pjhmzenreich
Kukenthal Cyperaceae Caricoideae Engler. IV. 20.
G. 1909. - in
—
Kew.
Lye K.A. 1995. Cyperaceae. Flora of Somalia 4: 98-147. Royal Botanic Gardens,
—
Thunberg
Flora japonica. Lipsiae.
1784.
C.P.