New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru

33 Pages·1993·12.4 MB·English

by  William E Duellman

LIBRARY
OCCASIONAL PAPERS
of the
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
The University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas
number 155, pages 1-33 11 march 1993
New Species of Centrolenid Frogs
from Northern Peru
William E. Duellman and Rainer Schulte
Museum ofNaturalHistory andDepartment ofSystematica andEeologx, The
University ofKansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2454, USA (WED); Proyecto de
Investigation de laBiologia de las Cordilleras Orientates,Apartado258,
Tarapoto, Peru (RS)
ABSTRACT Eightnewspeciesofcentrolenidfrogsaredescribedfromtheeastern
slopesoftheCordilleraCentral and ridgesextendingeastwardandsouthwardfrom
the main cordillera of the Andes in Departamento San Martin in northern
Peru. Three ofthese species are described in thegenus Centrolene;they havedark
dorsal pigmentation in preservative, and the males have humeral spines. Four
speciesareplaced inthegenusCochranella;theyhavedarkdorsalpigmentationin
preservative, but males lack humeral spines. One ofthe species ofCochranella is
known only from females. One species is white in preservative and is amemberof
the genusHyalinobatrachium. Three species recognized in the genus Cochranella
by Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch ( 1991) are placed in the genus Centrolene.
Key words: Anura, Centrolenidae, New species, Peru.
RESUMEN Ocho especies nuevas de ranas centrolenidas se describen de las
laderasorientalesdelaCordilleraCentralydelasmontanasqueseextiendenaleste
yalsurdelacordilleraprincipaldelosAndesenel DepartamentodeSanMartinen
elnortedePeru. TresdeestasespeciessedescribenenelgeneroCentrolene:tienen
pigmentacion oscura en el dorso en preservative, y los machos tienen espinas
humerales. Tres especies se ponen en el genero Cochranella; tienen pigmentacion
oscura en el dorso en preservativo, pero los machos no tienen espinas humerales.
SololashembrasseconocendeunadelasespeciesdeCochranella. Unaespeciees
blanca en preservativo y es un miembro del genero Hyalinobatrachium. Tres
especiesreconcidasenelgeneroCochranellaporRufz-CarranzaandLynch(1991)
se ponen en el genero Centrolene.
Palabras claves: Anura, Centrolenidae, Especies nuevas, Peru.
©MuseumofNaturalHistory.TheUniversityofKansas.Lawrence. 1SSN:0091-7958
2 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP. No. 155
In recent years, six species of frogs have been named in the genus
Centrolenella from the cloud forests on the eastern slopes ofthe Ande—s or
isolated mountain ranges in central and southern Amazonian Peru C.
spiculata and C. truebae from DepartamentoAyacucho (Duellman, 1976),
C. mariae from Departamento Huanuco (Duellman and Toft, 1979), C.
phenax and C. pluvialis from Departamento Cuzco (Cannatella and
Duellman, 1982), and C. azulae from Departamento Huanuco (Flores and
McDiarmid, 1989). Even with the descriptions of these new species (all
except the holotype of C. azulae were collected for the first time in the
1970s), it seemed reasonable that many additional species would be
discovered as new areas were explored, especially in northern Peru. This
supposition wasverified with thediscovery ofC. euhystrixand C. hesperia
on the Pacific versant of the Andes in northern Peru in 1987 (Cadle and
McDiarmid, 1990) and by our discovery of eight undescribed species on
the easternAndean slopes in Departamento San Martin in northern Peru in
1989.
In the Departamento San Martin, a complex series of ridges reaching
elevations of more than 1000 m extend eastward and southward from the
Cordillera Central of the Andes. These steep, rocky ridges support lower
montane rainforest and cloud forest, whereas the intervening valleys, most
of which are extensively cultivated, contain remnants of dry tropical
forest. Many small streams cascade down these slopes; major drainage
systems flow south (e.g., Rio Mayo) oreast (e.g., Rio Cainarache) into the
Rio Huallaga. which separates the Cordillera Central from the Cordillera
Oriental. In northern Peru, the Cordillera Oriental terminates in a series of
ridges with elevations of 1000-1200 m. The Rfo Huallaga cuts a canyon
through these front ranges between Shapaja and Chazuta, to the south of
which is the northern end ofthe CordilleraAzul (Fig. 1 ).
Adultcentrolenidswerecollectedon theeastern slopesofthe Cordillera
Central and on two associated ridges. One site is on the west slope of a
pass,AbraTangarana, to the west ofthe valley ofthe Rio Mayo. The other
sites are on a ridge north ofTarapoto and east ofthe Rio Mayo.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Inthe followingdescriptions, species are assignedtogeneraand species
groups according to the definitions provided by Rufz-Carranza and Lynch
(1991), and the numbered characters in the diagnoses follow the standard
established by Lynch and Duellman ( 1973) as modified by Cannatella and
Duellman (1982) and Flores ( 1985). None ofthe species ofcentrolenids in
Central America, Chocoan South America, Venezuela, and southeastern
Brazil is sharedwiththe upperAmazon Basin andtheAmazonian slopes of
theAndes. Consequently, comparisons ofthe new taxa are made only with
NEWCENTROLENIDFROGS FROM NORTHERN I'ERl
Fig. 1. Map of part of Departamento San Martfn, Peru, showing localities
mentioned in text; circled numbers are: 1 = Abra Tangarana, 2 = Cataratas
Ahuashiyacu. 3 = northern end ofCordilleraAzul. Basedon Mapa Fisico Politico
Departamento de San Martin, Ed. 2, 1985, Instituto Geografico Nacional. Lima,
Peru.
those species from the upperAmazon Basin and the Amazonian slopes of
the Andes.
mm
All measurements were taken to the nearest 0.1 with dial calipers.
Abbreviations used in the descriptions are: ED (eye diameter) = greatest
length of eye visible externally; EW (eyelid width) = greatest diagonal
width of upper eyelid; FL (foot length) = distance from proximal base of
inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of fourth toe; HL (head length) = distance
betweentipofsnoutandposterioredgeofangleofjaws; HnL(handlength)
=distancebetweenproximal baseofpalmartubercle andtipofthird finger;
HW (head width) = greatest width ofhead at lateral margins ofjaws; IOD
(interorbital distance) = width of top of head between nearest medial
margins ofuppereyelids; SL (snout length) = distance from tip ofsnout to
anterior corner of orbit; SVL (snout-vent length) = distance from tip of
snout to posterior end of body; T-E (tympanum-eye) = distance between
anterior border of tympanic annulus and posterior corner of eyelid; TL
(tibia length) =distance from knee to heel; TYM (tympanum) = horizontal
4 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP. No. 155
length of tympanum including annulus. Relative lengths of digits were
determined by adpressing adjacent digits. Webbing formulae follow the
scheme ofSavage and Heyer ( 1967) as modified by Myers and Duellman
(1982). Nuptial pad terminology follows Flores (1985).
Museum collections are abbreviated as follows: KU = Museum of
Natural History,TheUniversityofKansas; LSUMZ=MuseumofZoology,
Louisiana State University; MHNSM = Museo de Historia Natural,
Universidad Nacional Mayorde San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Comparisons of
the new taxa were made with KU specimens ofthe other species.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Centrolenefernandoi new species
Figure 2
—
Holotype. KU 211770, an adult male, from the west slope of Abra
Tangarana, 7 km (by road) northeast of San Juan de Pacaysapa (06°12'S,
76°44'W, 1080 m), Provincia Lamas, Departamento San Martin, Peru, one
of a series collected on 5 February 1989 by William E. Duellman and
Rainer Schulte. —
Paratopotypes KU 211771-75 and MHNSM 6176-78; same date
and collectors.—
Diagnosis. A species in the Centrolene prosoblepon group
characterized by: (1) vomerine teeth present; (2) bones green; (3) parietal
peritoneum white; visceral peritoneum clear; (4) color in life, lime-green
with bluish white flecks dorsally; in p—reservative, pale lavender; (5) modal
w—ebbing between outer fingers III 2 2 IV; (6) modal webbing on foot I
1 1+II 1—2 III 1—2 IV 2—1 V; (7) snout rounded in dorsal view, bluntly
rounded in profile: (8) dorsal skin shagreened with scattered minute
spicules; (9)armsandlegslackingtuberclesanddermal folds; (10) humeral
spine present; (11) tympanum distinct, oriented posterolaterally with slight
dorsal inclination; (12) prepollex enlarged; unpigmented nuptial
excrescences(TypeI)present; prepollical spineabsent; (13)pairofenlarged
tubercles below vent; (14) first finger longer than second.
Of the other Centrolene in the region with vomerine teeth, C. audax
differs from C.fernandoi (characters in parentheses) by having the snout
truncate in profile (bluntly rounded), skin on dorsum shagreened without
spicules (shagreened with scattered small spicules), and in life, golden
(bluish-white) flecks on dorsum, digits pale yellow (pale green), and iris
pale bronze (silvery-green) with black reticulations. Centrolene marine
differs by having large, pale spots on the dorsum, truncate snout in profile,
and only basal webbing between Fingers III and IV; C. azulae and C.
puyoensisdifferbyhaving ulnarfolds, snouttruncate inprofile inC.azulae
NEWCENTROLENID FROGS FROM NORTHERN PERU
—
KU
Fig. 2. Upper left para—type ofCochranella croceopodes, 211804, female,
24.7mm SVL. Upperright. —holotypeofCentrolenefernandoi,KU211770,male,
24.0 mm SVL. Middle left holot—ype of Centrolene lemniscatum, KU 217300,
male. 27.0 mm SVL. Middle right hol—otype of Hyalinobatrachium lemur, KU
211768, male, 20.4mm SVL. Lowerleft holotype o—fCochranella saxiscandens,
KU 211779, male, 21.7 mm SVL. Lower right holotype of Cochranella
tangarana, KU 211776, male, 23.3 mm SVL.
6 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP. No. 155
and truncate in dorsal view in C. puyoensis, and less extensive webbing
between Fingers—III and IV in C. puyoensis.
Description. Nine adult males; SVL 22.5-26.4 mm. Body slender,
elongate. Head distinct, about as wide as long, round in outline as viewed
from below; HW 31.3-38.1% (3c = 33.2) of SVL; HL 30.0-36.0% (3c =
33.7) of SVL; snout rounded in dorsal view, bluntly rounded with slight
anteroventral inclination in profile: SL 34.2^11.0% (x = 37.3) of HL;
canthusrostralisstraight, indistinct,round insection; lorealregionconcave;
lips barely flared anterior to orbit (Fig. 3C). Nostril ovoid, directed
anteriorly on protuberance; internarial area slightly depressed. Eye large,
ED 34.3^1.1% (x = 37.3) of HL, directed anterolateral^ at 37^0° (x =
39.2) from midline; greatest diagonal EW 57.1-67.0% (x = 60.0) of
IOD. Tympanumdistinct,lowerfour-fifthsvisible,orientedposterolaterally
with slight dorsal inclination, separated from eye by distance 1.64-1.90 (x
= 1.71) times TYM, which is 31.2-41.4% (x = 35.7) of ED; tympanic
annulus slightly elevated anteriorly and ventrally; supratympanic fold
moderate, obscuring tympanic annulus dorsally.
Skin on dorsal surfaces ofhead, body, and limbs shagreened with small
spicules on side of head ventral and posterior to orbit and on dorsolateral
surfaces ofbody. Flanks smooth dorsally, granular ventrally. Skin on belly
and proximal four fifths of ventral surfaces of thighs coarsely granular;
otherventral surfaces smooth. Ventdirectedposteroventrallyat upperlevel
of thighs; cloacal sheath short, unmodified; para- and subcloacal folds
absent; one pairoflarge, round, flat tubercles on ventral surfaces ofthighs
below vent.
Breadth of upper arm about one half that of forearm; humeral spine
present; ulnarfold and tubercles absent; hand moderately large; HnL88.0-
95.2% (x = 91.0) of HL; digits broad, bearing narrow lateral fringes,
including outeredge ofFinger IV but not inneredge ofFinger I; length of
digits II < I < IV < III; webbing basal between Fingers I and II; webbing
2—2 2—
formula for other fingers II III (l-l1/:) IV (Fig. 5C). Terminal
discs elliptical: width ofdisc on Finger III about 1.3 times TYM; width of
disc on Finger I 64.3-69.2% (x = 66.7) ofthat on Finger III. Subarticular
tubercles as wideasdigits, round, elevated; penultimate tubercle on Finger
IV largest; supernumerary tubercles present on proximal segments (absent
on Fingers III and IV in some specimens); palmar tubercle large, broadly
ovoid with diagonal orientation, elevated, its length 15.5-20.5% (x = 17.7)
of HnL. Thenar tubercle elliptical, diffuse proximally, barely elevated,
aboutas longaspalmartubercle; prepollex slightlyenlarged;Type I nuptial
excrescence present; prepollical spine absent.
Hind limbs long, slender; TL 54.3-59.2% (x = 56.7) ofSVL; FL43.0-
48.2% (x = 45.2) of SVL; dermal fringes, tarsal tubercles, and tarsal fold
absent; inner metatarsal tubercle elongately elliptical, barely elevated, not
NEWCENTROLENIDFROGS FROM NORTHERN PERU 7
visible from above; outer metatarsal tubercle absent: toes moderately
slender, bearing lateral fringes, including outer edge of Toe V and inner
edge ofToe I; length oftoes I < II < III < V—< IV; toes about three-fourt—hs
webbed; webbing formula I 1—2 II (1-1'/:) (2"-2+) III (l-l1/:)—2 IV 2
( 1-1'/:) V. Terminal discs subtruncate; width ofdigit on Toe I 45.5-55.5%
(x = 50.3) of that on Toe IV, which is 69.2-73.3% (x = 71.3) of that on
Finger III; subarticular tubercles not as wide as digits, round, elevated.
Dentigerous processes of vomers ovoid, between nearly quadrangular
choanae, narrowly separated medially, each bearing 2-5 (x = 3.3)
teeth. Tongue nearly round, barely free posteriorly. Vocal slit elongate,
extending from posterolateral margin oftongue toward angle ofjaw; vocal
sac single, median, subgular.
Color in life: Dorsum lime-green with small bluish-white flecks; digits
pale green; parietal peritoneum white; visceral peritoneum clear; heart not
visible; bones green; iris pale silvery-green with fine black reticulations.
Colorinpreservative:Generalappearance lavenderwithsmall,elevated,
cream flecks dorsally, cream ventrally. Under 25x magnification, dense
melanophores in skin of dorsal surfaces of head and body with scattered,
small, unpigmented elevations; equally dense melanophores in loreal
region; less dense melanophores on upper lip, in tympanic region, and on
dorsal surfaces offorelimbs. hind limbs, third and fourth fingers, tarsi, and
fourth and fifth toes. Edge ofuppereyelid pigmented. Flanks, anteriorand
posterior surfaces ofthighs, inner two fingers and inner three toes, and all
ventral surfaces cream with no melanophores.
Measurements (mm with means in parentheses): SVL 22.5-26.4 (23.7),
TL 12.9-14.3 (13.4), FL 10.2-11.5 (10.7), HW 7.3-8.9 (7.9), HL 7.6-8.4
(8.0), SL 2.8-3.2 (3.0). ED 2.8-3.2 (3.0). IOD 2.8-3.1 (3.0). T-E 1.7-1.9
(1.8), TYM 1.0-1.2 (1.1), Hn—L 7.2-7.4 (7.3).
Distribution and ecology. All individuals were on the uppersurfaces
m
of leaves of trees 1.5-2.0 above a small stream in a narrow ravine at
night. Although centrolenids were calling, no call was associated with this
species. The type locality is on the road between Moyobamba and
Tarapoto. The stream flows southward at a point about 0.5 km above
(northeast of) Somos Libres (a road maintenance camp) and about 1 km
below (southwe—st of) the crest ofthe ridge.
Etymology. The specific name isapatronymforFernandoM. Cuadros
V.oftheUniversidadNacional Mayorde San MarcosinLimainrecognition
ofhischeerfulcompanionshipanddedicationtocollectingfrogsinnorthern
Peru in 1989.—
Remarks. The most similar species to C. fernandoi is C. audax,
which is known from elevations of 1660-1700in on theAmazonian slopes
ofthe Andes in northern Ecuador.
UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP. No. 155
ALathRlM***'
Fig. 3. Heads of centrolenids: A. Cochranella chancas, KU 211778. B.
Cochranella croceopodes, KU 211804. C. Centrolenefernandoi, KU 211770. D.
Centrolene lemniscatum, KU 217300. Scale = 5 mm.
NEWCENTROLENIDFROGS FROM NORTHERN PERU
J
Fig. 4. Heads of centrolenids: A. Hyalinobatrachium lemur, KU 211768. B.
Centrolene muelleri, KU 217301. C. Cochranella saxiscandens. KU 211779. D.
Cochranella tangarana, KU 211777. Scale = 5 mm.
10 UNIV. KANSAS MUS. NAT. HIST. OCC. PAP. No. 155
-I L 1 |
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m
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Fig. 5. Hands of centrolenids: A. Cochranella chancas, KU 211778. B.
Cochranella croceopodes, KU 211804. C. Centrolenefernandoi, KU 211770. D.
Centrolene lemniscatum, KU 217300. Scale = 5 mm.