New Species Of Bathyal And Abyssal Sabellariidae (Annelida : Polychaeta) From Near New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific Ocean)

16 Pages·1998·5.4 MB·

by  J P Lechapt

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
lll(4):807-822. 1998.
New species of bathyal and abyssal Sabellariidae
(Annelida: Polychaeta) from near New Caledonia
(southwest Pacific Ocean)
Jean-Paul Lechapt and David W. Kirtleyf
(JPL) Laboratoire maritime de Dinard, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
17 Avenue George V, F-35800 Dinard, France;
(DWK) P.O. Box 2713, Vero Beach, Florida 32961-2713, U.S.A.
—
Abstract. Specimens described in this work were collected during the BIO-
CAL and BIOGEOCAL cruises (Biology and Geology of New Caledonia) in
1985 and 1987 conducted by the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris,
m
France). All of the 488 specimens collected from depths between 440 and
m
1870 belong to the subfamily Lygdaminae Kirtley, 1994, which is charac-
terized by the presence offour parathoracic segments. Among these specimens,
we recognize four genera, including Bathysabellaria Lechapt & Gruet, 1993
with two species, a new species of Lygdamis Kinberg, 1867, two new species
ofPhalacrostemma Marenzeller, 1895, and a new species of Tetreres Caullery,
1913. All ofthese species are set apart from other known species by the shape
of the outer and inner paleae and by their geographic and bathymetric distri-
butions. These collections illustrate the uniqueness and richness of the poly-
chaete fauna of the Sabellariidae of this Pacific area.
Except for the relatively hmited accounts Biologique, Brest, France, examined under
of Hoagland (1920:627), TreadweU (1926: low power magnification and selected mor-
191), CauUery (1944:54-66) from the Phil- phological features were studied by scan-
ippines and hidonesia, and that of Gibbs ning electron microscopy (SEM). All type
(1971:101-211) from the Solomon Islands, material is deposited in the National Mu-
the benthic polychaete fauna from great seum of Natural History, Paris (MNHNP).
depths ofthis geographic arearemainspoorly
known, especially for the family Sabellari- Family Sabellariidae
idae. The material on which this study is Subfamily Lygdaminae Kirtley, 1994
based was collected during the 1985 and
1987 cruises of the "Biology of New Cale- The family Sabellariidae was subdivided
donia" project, BIOCAL and BIOGEOCAL, by Kirtley (1994:14) into two subfamilies,
respectively, conducted by the French Na- the Sabellariinae with three parathoracic
tional Museum of Natural History of Paris. segments and the Lygdaminae with four
Specimens were collected with a Waren- parathoracic segments. All specimens con-
type rock dredge (Stations DW) or with a sidered here belong to the Lygdaminae, the
beam trawl (Stations CP), fixed in a sea- genera being distinguished as follows:
water formalin solution and stored in 70% la. Compound (branched) feedingtentacles
ethanol. The material was receivedfromthe Lygdamis
Centre National de tri d'Oceanographie lb. Simple (unbranched) feeding tentacles 2
2a. Operculum completely divided
Phalacrostemma
tDeceased July 1997. 2b. Operculum not completely divided ... 3
808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. L Lygdamis splendidus, new species, (Holotype, MNHNP UC 356): A, ventral view of anterior end;
B, dorsal viewofanteriorend; C, leftlateral view; D, surfaceviewofcrown; E, cross-sectionaldiagramshowing
position of paleae and nuchal hooks on crown. Scale bars = 1 min. Abbreviations: ip = inner paleae, mo =
median organ, nh = nuchal hook, op = outer paleae, ps = parathoracic setiger.
3a. Operculum completely fused along metrical lobes (Fig. lA, B). Opercular pa-
ventral margin Bathysabellaria leae of two kinds, in curved, dorsoventral
3b. Operculum with deep indentation along rows (Fig. IC, D). Outer paleae, 100-120
ventral margin Tetreres in number, 2 mm long, transparent,
smooth, with distal ends terminating in
fine tips (Fig. 2A, C); inner paleae, 36-40
Genus Lygdamis Kinberg, 1867 mm
in number, 3 long, yellow-gold,
Lygdamis splendidus, new species
smooth, with slightly curved tips (Fig. 2B,
Figs. 1, 2 D). Falcate dorsal nuchal hooks, tips re-
—
Material examined. Southwest offNew curved inward toward dorsal midline (Fig.
Caledonia, BIOCAL cruise, station DW 66, IE). With well-developed median organ
24°55'S, 168°21'E, 515 m, 3 Sep 1985, Ho- arising from dorsal sagittal suture between
lotype (MNHNP UC 356), Paratypes opercular lobes (Fig. IB). Twenty-five
(MNHNP UC 357) (two specimens). pairs of compound feeding tentacles on
—
Description. Holotype incomplete, ventral margins of each side of opercular
missing posterior most segments and Cau- peduncle, pair of short prehensile prosto-
da; total length 13 mm, thoracic diameter mial tentacles arising from anterior margin
3 mm. Anterior end of opercular stalk of upper lip of stoma. Large U-shaped
completely divided into bilaterally sym- building organ with conical lobes on lat-
VOLUME 111, NUMBER 4 809
Fig. 2. Lygdamis splendidus, new species, (Holotype, MNHNP UC 356): A, outer paleae; B, inner paleae;
C, SEM ofouter paleae; D, SEM ofinner paleae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm for A, B and 100 (xm for C, D.
810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
eral margin, with conical cirrus with small 3b. Without complex ornamentation on
bundle of short, ventral, finely serrate cap- outer paleae 4
illary setae. Setiger 2 with same bundle of 4a. Distal ends of outer paleae straight,
finely serrate capillary setae. Four para- nearly bilaterally symmetrical 5
4b. Distal ends of outer paleae curved,
thoracic segments (Fig. IC) with small cir-
conspicuously asymmetrical 8
ri on distal dorsal margin of notopodial 5a. Outerpaleae with narrow distal spines
sheaves; 7-8 paired, stout setae with lan-
terminating in narrow, delicate spike;
ceolate distal tips and spinous, capillary nuchal hooks with weakly recurved
companion setae with curved tips in trans- tips (C, Fig. 3) (Indonesia, 36 m) ...
verse row on each notopodial sheave. Neu- L. indicus
ropodial setae similar, but smaller in size 5b. Outer paleae with distal tips tapering
and fewer in number. Dorsal branchiae on to very long spike; nuchal hooks with
parathoracic segments. Abdominal seg- strongly recurved tips; inner paleae
ments with bundles of long, spinous neu- with slightly curved tips (D, Fig. 3)
rosetae and uncinigerous notopodial tori. (New Caledonia, 515 m)
Cauda not observed. No tubes. L. splendidus, new species
— 5c. Outer paleae converge slowly to sharp
Etymology. The specific name, from
Latin splendidus = magnificent, refers to its ttiopss;ymimnenterripcaalleasehorcto,nvsehragrpintgipa(bEr,upFtilg.y
very beautif—ul appearance. 3) (South Africa, 75 m) . . . . L. gilchristi
Remarks. Lygdamis splendidus is clear- 6a. Outer paleae with blade margins al-
ly distinguished from other species ofLyg- most parallel through middle portion,
damis by the shape of the outer paleae, ta- terminating in narrow mucronate tips;
pering to fine distal tips, the shape of inner inner paleae with gently bent tips (F,
paleae, and total number of paleae; more- Fig. 3) (Australia, 70 m) . . . L. augeneri
over, of all Lygdamis species, L. splendidus 6b. Outer paleae narrowing continuously
occurs at the greatest depth. L. indicus Kin- from middle portion to tips 7
berg, 1867 and L. gilchristi (Mcintosh, 7a. Distal ends of outer paleae slightly
asymmetrical; inner paleae with bent
1922) appear to be most similar to L. splen-
distal ends; nuchal hooks strongly re-
didus but differ in the shapes of the inner
curved, with sharp tips (G, Fig. 3)
and outer paleae and by their geographical (Australia, 64 m) L. giardi
and bathymetric distributions (Fig. 3). 7b. Outer paleae moderately expanded
through middle portion and tapering
Key to the species of Lygdamis [after slowly to sharp distal point; inner pa-
Kirtley (1994:117-118)] leae tapering slowly to dull point; nu-
la. Outer paleae with smooth lateral mar- chal hooks with strongly recurved
gins 4 sharp tips (H, Fig. 3) (England) ....
lb. Outer paleae with lateral margins not L. muratus
smooth 2 8a. Outer paleae with distal tip as flatpro-
2a. Outer paleae with serrate lateral mar- jection from cylindrical paleal blade 9
gins, with slightly concave inner sur- 8b. Outer paleae with distal tip as cylin-
faces (A, Fig. 3) (West Africa, 77 m) drical continuation of paleal blade . . 12
L. robinsi 9a. Middle portion of outer paleae ex-
2b. Outer paleae with lateral margins not panded, distal V4 constricted and
serrate 3 slightly curving (I, Fig. 3) (Madagas-
3a. Outer paleae with complex ornamen- car) L. malagasiensis
tation, with irregular, wavy, transverse 9b. Distal % of outer paleae not abruptly
lines across middle portion of blade, constricted 10
inner paleae with fine, marginal dec- 10a. Distal tip ofouterpaleae very narrow,
oration (B,Fig. 3) (WestAfrica, 22 m) rounded at distal end of blade, with
L. kirkegaardi elongate, sigmoidal spike; inner pale-
VOLUME 111, NUMBER 4 811
°• Oulcrpaltae
' * InnerpaJcac.
Fig. 3. Shapes ofouter paleae and inner paleae of species ofthe genus Lygdamis with geographical obser-
vations. A = L. robinsi, B = L. kirkegaardi, C = L. indicus, D = L. splendidus, new species, E = L. gilchristi,
F = L. augeneri, G = L. giardi, H = L. muratus, \ = L. malagasiensis, J = L. bhaudi, K = L. ehlersi, L = L.
gibbsi, M = L. nesiotes, N = L. laevispinis, O = L. rayrobertsi, P = L. dayi, Q = L. curvatus.
ae with narrow tips (J, Fig. 3) (Mad- axis of shaft toward center of crown;
agascar) L. bhaudi nuchal hooks very large, strongly bent
10b. Distal tip of outer paleae without sig- to blunt tips (M, Fig. 3) (East Pacific
moidal spike 11 Ocean, coral reef) L. nesiotes
11a. Outer paleae with narrow, curved dis- 13b. Outer paleae with sigmoidal tip,
tal tip (K, Fig. 3) (Indonesia, Philip- curved inward about 80° from vertical
pines, 45 m) L. ehlersi axis of shaft toward center of crown;
1lb. Outer paleae with wide, curved distal nuchalhooksrelatively small, strongly
tip; tip ofnuchal hook bent about 90° bent, short, stout, with sharp tip (N,
from axis of shaft (L, Fig. 3) (Solo- Fig. 3) (South Central Pacific Ocean)
mon Islands, coral reef) L. gibbsi L. laevispinis
12a. Distal tips ofouterpaleae conical, sig- 14a. Tip of outer paleae with stout, short
moidal in outline 13 abruptly pointed tips; nuchal hooks
12b. Distal tips ofouter paleae not sigmoi- elongate, large, strongly bent (O, Fig.
dal in outline 14 3) (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, 328 m)
13a. Outer paleae with sigmoidal tip, L. rayrobertsi
curved inward about 30° from vertical 14b. Tips of outer paleae short, blunt .... 15
812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
15a. Innerpaleae with fine transverse mark- nal setigers. Only two inner paleae on right
ings (P, Fig. 3) (South Africa) . . . L. dayi side of stalk, 18 outer paleae on left side of
15b. friner paleae stout, tapering to dull stalk. —
point; outer paleae with stout, rounded Etymology. The specific name, from
tips (Q, Fig. 3) (Bonin Islands) Latin tenuis — thin, refers to its very small
L. curvatus
size. —
Remarks. Phalacrostemma tenue is
Genus Phalacrostemma Marenzeller, 1895
closely related to P. lechapti Kirtley, 1994,
Phalacrostemma tenue, new species
formerly described as P. cidariophilum Fau-
Figs. 4, 5
vel, 1914 (not Marenzeller, 1895), but the
—
Material examined. Southeast off New arrangement of spinous fringes on the outer
Caledonia, BIOCAL cruise, station CP 62, paleae and the parathoracic notosetae (Table
24°19'S, 167°48'E, 1395 m-1410 m, 2 Sep 1) clearly distinguish these two abyssal
1985, Holotype (MNHNP UC 358), Para- forms, one from the Atlantic (Fauvel 1914:
types (MNHNP UC 359) (two specimens). 273), the other from the Pacific.
—
mm
Description. Holotype 4 long; di-
ameter ofopercular crown 1.5 nmi. Anterior Phalacrostemma profundum, new species
end of opercular stalk completely divided
Fig. 6
into two bilaterally symmetrical halves (Fig. —
4A, B). Each side ofcrownwith 16—17 outer Material examined. Loyaute Basin,
paleae; 2-3 inner paleae in dorsal position. zone Z2, BIOGEOCAL cruise, station CP
Outer paleae with transverse striations and 317, 20°48'S, 166°53'E, 1630 m, 2 May
expanded distal margins, with regular distal 1987 (one specimen); off southwest Lifou,
denticles forming fringe (Figs. 4C, 5A, B). zone SB2, BIOGEOCAL cruise, station CP
Iimer paleae smooth, tips blunt with regu- 265, 21°04'S, 167°04'E, 1870 m, 18 Apr
larly spacedtransverseridges (Fig. 4D). Two 1987 (two specimens with tubes), Holotype
nuchal hooks on each side of anterior dorsal (MNHNP UC 360), Paratype (MNHNP UC
midline of stalk, each curving to an acute 362); off southwest New Caledonia, zone
tip. SB5, BIOGEOCAL cruise, station CP 214,
Robust median organ arising from be- 22°44'S, 166°28'E, 1665 m, 9 Apr 1987
tween dorsal inner margins of stalk. Pair of (one specimen), Paratype (MNHNP UC
long prehensile prostomial tentacles arising 361).
—
mm
from anterior margin of upper lip of stoma, Description. Holotype 12 long, in-
with 4 simple, ciliated feeding tentacles on cluding opercular crown; diameter of oper-
each side of buccal cavity. cular crown 2 mm, thoracic diameter 1.8
First setiger with bundle of ventral pecti- mm. Short opercular stalks well divided into
nate capillary setae. Second setiger with two symmetrical halves with outer paleae 2
mm
conical cirrus with bundles of pectinate se- long (Fig. 6A, B). Each half of crown
tae. Four parathoracic segments, each with with 30-40 outer paleae spirally arranged,
neuropodial sheaves of setae with pectinate some paleae moved backward in relation to
distal margins; notopodial sheaves with 5-7 external row. These outer paleae tapered,
setae with oar-shaped denticulate and acute ringed, without spinous ornamentation (Fig.
distal tips, with companion capillary setae. 6D, E). Along dorsal edge of each crown,
Eight abdominal setigers with bundles of 2-3 yellow, smooth, inner paleae with distal
long, slender and spinous capillary neuro- apex slightly curved (Fig. 6C). Crown mar-
setae, and uncinigerous notopodial tori, un- gins with 13-14 long bifid pericoronal palpi.
cini with 7-8 teeth in double row. Lacking Four pairs of curved dorsal hooks. A small
Cauda. No tubes. median organ present between dorsal inner
mm
Paratypes 4 long with three abdomi- margins of stalk. Pair of large, deeply
VOLUME 111, NUMBER 4 813
D
Fig. 4. Phalacrostemma tenue, new species, (Holotype, MNHNP UC 358): A, ventral view ofanteriorend;
B, dorsal view ofanteriorend; C, surface view ofcrown; D, innerpaleae. Scale bars = 1 mm forA-C and 0.1
mm
for D. See Fig. 1 for key to abbreviations.
grooved, peristomial tentacles arising from ing organ with marginal bundles of short
anterior margin of stoma. Four feeding ten- spinous capillary setae. Setiger 2 with bun-
tacles on each anterior lateral margin ofbuc- dles of spinous capillary setae and short tri-
cal cavity. Large glandular, U-shaped build- angular cirri.
814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 5. Phalacrostemma tenue, new species, (Holotype, MNHNPUC 358): A, SEMofouterpaleae;B, SEM
ofouter paleae magnified. Scale bars =100 iJim for A and 10 ixm for B.
Four parathoracic segments with slightly tips, blades with basal transverse ridge, ro-
spinous neuropodial capillary setae andbun- tated around longitudinal axis of shafts; in-
dles of 6-7 tapering bristly notopodial setae ner paleae twice as long as outer paleae, in-
with smooth capillary companion setae. Ab- ner surface slightly concave, outer surfaces
dominal segments with spinous capillary expanded, gently curved toward center of
neurosetae, notopodia with comblike uncini crown, with 3-4 simple, small, filamentous
with 8-9 rows ofteeth. Cauda absent. Tubes ciliated feeding tentacles on each side of
composed of sand grains. buccal cavity; two relatively small preoral
—
Etymology. The specific name, fi"om the tentacles; nuchal spines straight, cylindrical,
Latin profundus = deep, refers to the great with very slightly curved distal tips; four
m &
depths from which it occurs (1720 on av- parathoracic segments (Lechapt Gruet
erage). — 1993).
Remarks. Phalacrostemma profiindum,
new species, is distinguished from P. ci- Bathysabellaria neocaledoniensis
&
dariophilum Marenzeller, 1895 and from Lechapt Gruet, 1993
other species of this genus by the smooth Fig. 7
outer paleae and the shape of the inner pa- —
Material examined. Southwest Pacific
leae and by its geographical distribution Ocean: off New Caledonia, BIOCAL
(Table 1). cruise, stations DW 44, 22°47'S, 167°14'E,
Genus Bathysabellaria Lechapt & Gruet, 4D4W0 m-450 m, 30 Aug 1985, 24 specimens,
77, 22°15'S, 167°15'E, 440 m, 3 Sep
1993
1985, one specimen.
—
Characteristics of this genus include an Description. Opercular paleae of two
opercular stalk completely fused; blades of kinds: outer paleae in concentric row along
outer paleae broad, stout, inner surfaces anterior periphery of crown surface, 28 in
shghtly concave, terminating in acuminate number, bright yellow-gold, smoothly ta-
VOLUME 111. NUMBER 4 815
—
Table 1. Some characteristics of species ofPhalacrostemma Marenzeller, 1895.
Characteristics Aspectofouter Number Characteristics Geographic Depth sampling
ofouterpaleae paleae of outer of innerpaleae occurence
paleae
P. abvssalis Kirtley,1994 With short distal
fringe with simple
omamenlation FloresSea
(Indonesia)
P.cidariophilum Marenzeller,1895 Smooth distal
margins
slighdyinclinedfrom Flattened, straight Adriatic,
horizontal with gentlyrounded Meditenanea
tips
P. dorothyae Kirtley,1994 Thecaeofmiddlepart Irregular, slightly
ofblade with short inflated thecae with
finely denticulate nodata distalmargins Florida
fringe forming
crescentic distal
margin
P. gloriae Kirtlev,1994 Thecae of middle Thecae well
portionwith shorter developedwithdistal
and fewer denticles nodata margins producing GulfofMexico
with slighUy zig-zagpattern
undulatoryhorizontal
trace
P. gwendolynae Kirtley,1994 Distal fringe with
expanded deUcately
attenuate distal
extension
P. lechapti Kirtley,1994 Distal ofouterpaleae
with irregularlydistally With conspicuous
expanded rows of thecaeandwithdeep Azores
alternately wide and groove along
iiodata proximal median
extensions, with both portion
longandshortpectinate,
distaltips
P. paulinae Kirtley,1994 Distal portion with
expanded distal
regular denticles
formingdistalfringes
P. perkinsi Kirtley,1994 Middle portion
without distinct
dentition and very nodata BahamasIslands 1360r
weakly expanded ^
distalmargins
P. setosa (Treadwell,1906) Distalportionwithout
conspicuously
expanded,withdistal nodata HawaiIslands 300m~700m
margins forming
horizontal zig-zag
pattern.
P. tenera (.''lugener,1906) Incomplete
description
P. profundum thiswork Tapering,ringed Smooth with distal
withoutspinous portion lightly OffNewCaledonia
omamentaion incuned
P. tenue thiswork Longimdinal Smoothbluntedtips
striations and withregularlyspaced OffNewCaledonia
expanded distal transversemarkings
marginswithregular
distal denticles
formingfringes
816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASfflNGTON
i
Fig. 6. Phalacrostemmaprofundum, new species, (Holotype, MNHNP UC 360): A, ventral view ofanterior
end; B, dorsal view ofanterior end; C, surface view ofcrown; D, SEM ofouter paleae magnified; E, SEM of
outerpaleae. Scale bars = 1 mm forA-C, 10 ixm for D and 100 jjim forE. See Fig. 1 forkey to abbreviations.