New species and some important name changes in Malagasy leafy Cynanchum (Asclepiadaceae)

25 Pages·1992·13.9 MB·

by  S Liede

430
Decne. does not from Cynanchum and new combinations for the two species concerned
differ
most Malagasy
nomenclature of one of the frequent leafy
are published. Finally, the
Cynanchum subcoriaceum
usually referred to as C. Schltr., clarified.
species, is
Cynanchum
absconditum Liede, nov.
sp.
mm mm
basem
20-28 10-18 ovata, versus lobata vel
Plantae herbaceae. Folia longa, lata,
volubiles,
Petala 5.5-
auriculata, apicem mucronata, indumento sparso vestita. Inflorescentia umbelliforma, 4-, 6-flora.
mm
mm
6 longa, oblonga, patentia, glabra, rosea. Corona gynostegialis alba, tubulosa, 4.5-5 alta,
amir
gynostegium longe superat hoc perfecte celans, partibus staminalibus inters
a,
t
Forma partium staminalium solum lobos
eorum longitudinis totae connatis. inter differens,
7j8 infli
ad dorsum staminum appressae.
Partes staminales
m, on
Ambatofinandrahana, 1600-1800
Type Decary 13298, Madagascar, prov. Fianarantsoa,
:
known
Only
quartzites, 23.2.1938, (holo-, P!). material.
branched. Subterranean organs unknown. Shoots perennial, 0.8-
Plants twining, sparsely
mm
diam., herbaceous, densely covered with erect, 400-450 jxm long trichomes. Leaves with
1
mm
mm
Leaf blades herbaceous, 20-28 long, 10-
3-5 colleters at the base; petiole 8- 12 long.
mm
mucronate, adaxially with
18 wide, ovate, basally lobate to auriculate, apically erect,
ym
indumentum whole
300-350 long trichomes, equally distributed over the surface;
scattered
indumentum on
abaxially with erect, scattered 300-350 [xm long trichomes, concentrated veins
and
margins.
open same Peduncle
Inflorescence umbelliform, 4-6 flowered, flowers at the time. 5-
all
mm
mm
10 long, densely covered with erect, 400-450 [xm long trichomes. Floral bracts long,
1
mm
mm
indumented
wide the base, triangular, glabrous. Pedicel 0.4-0.6 long, densely
0.3 at
mm mm
with 400-450 [im long trichomes. Flower buds 5.5-6 long, 1.8-2.2 diam.,
erect,
mm
elongated-conical; aestivation imbricate to apically contorted, dextrorse. Sepals 1.8-2
mm
long, 0.4-0.6 wide, basally fused, abaxially with trichomes; free sepal limbs ovate to
mm
and
triangular, apically acute. Corolla rotate; petals basally fused, 5.5-6 long, adaxially
abaxially rose, glabrous; free petal limbs straight, spreading, oblong, apically acute.
mm
Gynostegial corona white, tubular, 4.5-5 high; exceeding and entirely obscuring the
gynostegium. C(is) consisting of Cs and Ci fused for 3/4 to 7/8 of total corona height, only Ci
differentiated. Cs appressed to the back of the stamens Ci laminar lobes of Ci triangular,
; ;
mm
strongly inflexed, with laterally involute margins. Gynostegium 1.6-1.8 high, 0.8-
sessile,
mm
1.0 diam. Stamens with filament of 250-270 (xm height. Anthers higher than broad,
mm
elongated hexagonal, abaxially planar to convex. Anther wings convergent, 1.1-1.2 long,
not extending along the whole length of the anther, which forms a pseudostipe of 650-
'
'
700 [xm height; distal ridge striate. Adjacent anther wings parallel to each other, basally
centrifugal, widened, forming a 'mouth'. Connective appendage 500-550
distinct long,
fj.ni
500-550
(xm wide, widely ovate, equalling the stamen in width, strongly inflexed. Pollinarium
:
corpusculum
240-250 [im long; caudicles 300-340 [im long, cylindrical, convexly recurved;
440-460
pollinia [xm long, 120-1 30 wide,
fi.m elliptical in cross-section, clavate, apically inserted.
^m
head
Stylar 530-540 (zm diam., 500 (xm high; upper part 200 high, equalling lower part
in
—
Map
height, conical. Fig.
1, 1.
and unknown.
Fruit seed
.
431
T
1cm
1
mm
0.2
i 1
I" '
WW*
•-
.
mm
0.2
SL<*r* •- •
*.**-
fl * | i*_*
1mm
i
1
?i *
.*
u
lI*
'J .
F
mm
0.2
i 1
H
mm
0.2
»
i
G
mm
0.2
Fig. absconditum
1.
D, gynostegium corona removed) E, anther, adaxial view F, guide (two adjacent
in relation to (partially rail
; ;
anther wings); G, pollinarium H, stylar head. (Decary 13298).
;
432
Malagasy
from
by extremely long and slender corona and the colour of the petals.
distinguished
its
The name gynostegium, which completely hidden inside the core
refers to the is
Cynanchum
bosseri Liede, sp. nov.
mm mm
mm
Plantae volubiles, 50-70 altae. Folia coriacea, 15-20 longa, 5-10 lata, ovato-triangularia, in
mm
umbelliformis Petala 3.5-4.5 longa,
basi cordata, in apice acuta, glabra. Inflorescentia 3-, 6-flora.
,
mm
oblonga. Corona gynostegialis cremea, 3-3.5 aha, gynostegium altitudine aequans, partibus staminalibus
Forma partium taminalium solum lobos
aminalibusque perfecte connatis. inters differens, inflexos,
inter si
*fl<
&
Type Humbert Cours 23686
(holo-, P!).
:
cm
branched, 50-70 Subterranean organs
Plants twining, sparsely basitonically high.
mm
cm
unknown. Shoots 50-70 long, 0.5 diam., herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves lacking
mm mm
mm
colleters; petiole 5- 14 long. Leaf blades coriaceous, 15-20 long, 5- 10 wide, ovate
and
basally cordate, apically acute, adaxially abaxially glabrous.
to triangular,
Inflorescence umbelliform, 3-6 flowered, flowers open at the same time. Peduncle 6-
all
mm
mm mm
wide
8 long, glabrous. Floral bracts 0.7-0.8 long, 0.4-0.5 at the base, ovate,
mm mm mm
glabrous. Pedicel 5-7 long. Flower buds 5-6 long, 4-5 diam., globose; aestivation
mm mm
imbricate, dextrorse. Sepals 12-14 long, 6-7 wide, basally fused, abaxially glabrous;
mm
sepal limbs ovate, apically obtuse. Corolla rotate; petals basally fused, 3.5-4.5 long, 1-
free
1.2mm
and cream
wide, abaxially adaxially to green, glabrous; free petal limbs straight,
mm
horizontal, oblong, apically obtuse. Gynostegial corona cream, 3-3.5 high, equalling the
Cs and
gynostegium in height. C(is) consisting of Ci completely fused only Ci differentiated.
;
Cs appressed to the back of the stamens, apically inflexed with straight margins. Ci laminar,
apically producing a pronounced convex fold along the upper third of corona height lobes of
;
mm
Gynostegium
Ci galeate, inflexed, with laterally involute margins. 1.4-1.5 high, 1.6-
sessile,
mm
1.7 diam. Stamens without filament. Anthers about as high as broad, trapezoid, abaxially
convex. Anther wings convergent, 550-600 [xm long, not extending along the whole length of
the anther, which forms a pseudostipe of 200-250 |xm height. Adjacent anther wings parallel
'
'
to each other, in the same plane as the anther. Connective appendage 800-850 fxm long, 400-
450 fim wide, ovate, slightly inflexed. Pollinarium corpusculum 230-250 fxm long caudicles
: ;
130-1 fxm long, flattened, straight, horizontal, trapezoid; pollinia 320-340 [xm long, 180-
50
round
190 (xm wide, in cross-section, oval, laterally inserted. Stylar head 100-1200 [xm diam.,
1 —
Map
850-900 (xm high; upper part 600-650 [xm high, higher than lower part, tabular.
1,
Fig.
2.
and unknown.
Fruit seed
and
Distribution habitat Madagascar, prov. Antsiranana, Massif du Marojejy; 1000-
:
m;
on
1700 and
lichen forest quartzites
gneiss.
Flowering
December
time March.
to
:
433
1cm
I
1
mm
0.5
1
mm
0.2
i 1
mm
0.5
f i mm
0.5
h
i
& &
Fig. 2. Cynanchum bosseri Liede A, leaves middle, Humbert Corns 23686 right, Miller Lowry 4088); B,
(left,
: ;
flower; C, part of corona and gynostegium in top view, note the massive Ci in contrast to the undifferentiated Cs;
&
D, gynostegium in relation to the corona (partially removed) E, pollinarium F, stylar head. (Humbert Cours
; ;
23686).
434
Within
From
group, closest relatives are C. masoalense, C. obovatum and C. repandum. these
this its
few
small
from
flowers per inflorescence, creamish to green petals (distinction C. masoalense),
head
gynostegium from C. obovatum), Ci touching the stylar apically
visible (distinction
from
Mada
—
Material studied. Madagascar Humbert 22543, E slopes of Marojejy
:
Lokoho Mt. Beondroka, N. de Maroambihy, 17.-22.3.1949
23578, valley,
(
&
Lowry Marojejy Nature Reserv*
Marojejy, 25-26.3.1949 (P) Miller 4088,
6,
NW ;
Mandena,
of 14.2.1989
/laroieiv Est. (P).
&
Cynanchum Meve,
chouxii Liede nov.
sp.
mm
mm
Plantae herbaceae. Folia herbacea, 45-80 longa, 13-18 lata, ovato-lanceolata, in basi
volubiles,
cymosa, 8-20 simul
cuneata, apice acuminata, glabra. Inflorescentia dichasialis, 12-, 24-flora, flores
in
mm
mm
Corona
apertos evoluta. Petala 5.5-6.5 longa, incurva vel norizontalia, ovata. gynostegialis 2.5-2.8
libus interstaminalibusque perfecte
ungulatos
nflexos,
e valde fimbriata
Additamentum
xli.
*fi
fimbriata ornatur
fimbriis
known
Type Andrambovato Nov. Only
Descoings 1821, Forest Station, 1956 (holo-, material.
P!).
:
mm
unknown.
Plants twining. Subterranean organs Shoots perennial, 1.5-2 diam.,
mm
herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves with 4-5 colleters at the base; petiole 10- 12 long. Leaf blades
mm mm
herbaceous, 45-80 long, 13- 18 wide, ovate-lanceolate, basally cuneate, apically
mm
acuminate mucronate (acumen and
to 5- 10 long), adaxially abaxially glabrous.
open same
Inflorescence cymose, dichasial, 12-24 flowered, 8-20 flowers at the time.
mm mm mm
Peduncle 30-40 long, glabrous. Inflorescence bracts 0.4 long, 0.7 wide, deltoid,
mm mm mm
glabrous. Rachis 3-7 long. Floral bracts 0.7 long, 0.4 wide at the base, ovate,
mm mm mm
glabrous. Pedicel 15-20 long, glabrous. Flower buds 5-5.5 long, 2-2.5 diam.,
mm mm
ovoid;
aestivation imbricate, dextrorse. Sepals 1.2-1.3 long, 0.6-0.7 wide, basally
fused, abaxially glabrous; free sepal limbs ovate, apically acuminate. Corolla rotate; petals
mm mm
and
basally fused, 5.5-6.5 long, 1-1.2 wide, abaxially adaxially glabrous; free petal
mm
limbs straight, incurved to horizontal, ovate, apically acute. Gynostegial corona 2.5-2.8
high, exceeding and partly obscuring the gynostegium. C(is) consisting of Cs and Ci fused for
3/4 to 7/8 of total corona height only Ci differentiated. Cs appressed to the back of the
;
stamens, erect, with strongly fimbriate, straight margins, adaxially with appendage and basal
protuberance. Adaxial appendage shorter to equalling Cs, erect, laminar, rectangular, margin
strongly fringed space between Cs and appendage with fringes. Ci laminar lobes of Ci keeled
; ;
along the upper half of corona height lobes of Ci unguiculate, triangular when with
flattened,
;
mm mm
Gynostegium
laterally involute margins. sessile, 0.8-0.9 high, 1.4-1.5 diam. Stamens
without filament. Anthers broader than high, trapezoid, abaxially planar to biconvex. Anther
wings convergent, 400-450 [im long, extending along the whole length of the anther space
;
435
T
1cm
1
&
Fig. Cynanchum Meve
3 chouxii Liede A, leaves; B, flower; C, gynostegium in relation to the corona (corolla
:
removed, corona partially removed) D, pollinarium E, stylar head, lateral view F, stylar head top view (same
; ; ; ;
scale for D-F). (Descoings Drawings by U. Meve.
1821).
436
between proximal and ridge glabrous. Adjacent anther wings parallel to each other,
distal
widened. Connective appendage 270-300 (xm long, 400-450 (xm wide,
centrifugal, basally
stamen Pollinarium
triangular to deltate, equalling the in width, strongly inflexed.
:
corpusculum 80-200 Lim long, margins of the corpuscular cleft parallel; caudicles 120-130 [xm
1
90-100
long, (xm
tn
400-450
in cross-section, oval, apically inserted diam., |xm
—
Map
humped.
part 50-1 00 [xm high, shorter than lower part, slightly
and unknown.
Fruit seed
known
Very distinct species, the only species in which pseudolobe formation occurs
together with an adaxial appendage of Cs. The structure of the adaxial appendage, however,
is
some Cynanchum
different from those encountered in other leafy species of (see C. moratii).
more
Thus, an affinity with the pseudolobe forming alliance seems likely.
Named M. Choux, the eminent student of Malagasy Asclepiadaceae.
after P.
Cynanchum
itremense Liede, nov.
sp.
mm
Plantae volubiles, in basi lignosae. Surculi herbacei, glabrescentes. Folia herbacea, 25-45 longa, 10-
mm
20 lata, ovata vel elliptica, vel raro obovata, in basi auriculata vel cuneata, in apice obtusa vel
emarginata, mucronata, in margine crenulata, indumento sparso vestita. Inflorescentia umbelliforma, 7-, 10-
mm mm
flora. Petala 5-6 longa, viridia, horizontalia. Corona gynostegialis alba, tubulata, 3.5 alta,
gynostegium superans, hoc ex parte celans, partibus staminalibus interstaminalibusque perfecte connatis.
Forma
partium interstaminalium solum differens, lobos rectos, cucullatos, carinatos formans, margine recta
vel lateraliter involuta fimbriata praedita. Partes staminales ad dorsum staminum appressae, erectae,
margine
Integra, recta praeditae.
v
Type
Bosser 18799
(holo-,
P!).
:
mm
woody
diam., herbaceous, glabrescent, basally with brownish bark; densely covered with
mm
mm
mm
Leaf
long. blades herbaceous, 25-45
long, 10-20 wide, ovate to elliptic, or, rarely
obovate, basally auriculate to cuneate, apically obtuse or emarginate, mucronate, marginally
and
crenulate, adaxially abaxially with scattered, flexuous, 400-500 (xm long trichomes,
indumentum
and
restricted to veins margins.
Inflorescence umbelliform, 7-10 flowered, 6-8 flowers open at the same time. Peduncle 5-
mm
20 indumented
long, densely with 300-400
flexuous, long trichomes. Floral bracts 1.8-
[Jim
mm
mm
U.4-0.6mm
long, wide at the base, ovate, with trichomes. Pedicel 8-25
mm
mm
mm
lone, 0.6-0.8
abaxially glandular and with trichomes;
free sepal limbs ovate, apically apiculate. Corolla
mm mm
rotate; petals basally fused, 5-6 long, 1-1.2 wide, abaxially and adaxially green,
glabrous;
free petal limbs straight, horizontal, oblong, apically obtuse. Gynostegial corona
:ium
stamens
437
A
1mm
mm
0.2
\
mm
0.2
1mm
y
two
Fig. 4 Cynanchum itremense Liede A, leaves middle, Bosser 18799; right, Bosser 18932) B, flower,
(left,
;
:
petals removed; C, gynostegium in relation to the corona (partially removed); D, anthers and guide rail; E,
pollinarium; F, stylar head. {Bosser 18932).
;
438
with margins. Ci laminar, producing a pronounced convex fold
apically erect, entire, straight
along the upper two thirds of corona height lobes of Ci cucullate, erect, with straight to
;
mm
margins. Gynostegium high without
laterally involute, denticulate stipitate, 1.8- 1.9 stipe,
mm
1.7-1.8 diam. stipe 200-250 [xm high. Stamens without filament. Anthers about as broad
;
as high, trapezoid, abaxially planar. Anther wings convergent, 650-700 fxm long, extending
same
along the whole length of the anther. Adjacent anther wings parallel to each other, in the
plane as the anther. Connective appendage 800-850 long, 450-500 (xm wide, ovate, narrower
fjim
than the stamen, Pollinarium corpusculum 350-370 [xm long; caudicles 160-1 70 fxm
erect.
:
500-550 150-1 fim wide,
long, flattened, straight, declinate, triangular; pollinia long,
[Jim 70
ovate in cross-section, oval, laterally inserted. Stylar head 800-900 fxm diam., 750-800 fxm high
—
Map
upper part 380-400 [xm high, equalling lower part in height; tabular. Fig. 4.
1,
and unknown.
Fruit seed
and m;
Distribution habitat Madagascar, prov. Fianarantsoa 1500- 1800 between
: ;
on
rock bare
quartzitic
hillsides.
Flowering
time January.
:
'Pseudolobe former', closely related to C. leucanthum, but the shape of the pollinarium
suggests more than subspecific rank and so does the distribution.
Named
Itremo Madagascar.
after the massif,
—
Madagascar
Material
studied.
(MO)
Cynanchum
moratii Liede, nov.
sp.
mm mm
Plantae volubiles, indumentum densum vestitae. Folia herbacea, 50-70 longa, 25-35 ovata,
lata,
mm
in basi cuneata, in apicem apiculata apicibus 14-20 longis praedita. Inflorescentia cymosa, dichasialis,
t
mm
20-, 24-flora, flores 10-12 simul apertos evoluta. Petala 4-5 longa, oblonga, horizontalia. Corona
mm
gynostegialis urceolata, 3.0-3.5 alta, gynostegium superans, hoc ex parte celans partibus staminalibus
;
Forma
interstaminalibusque per 1/2-3/4 altitudinis totae connatis. partium staminalium staminaliumque
inter
differens, partibus in longitudine consimilibus. Partes interstaminales lobos erectos, filamentosos, tortos
ad dorsum staminum
formantes. Partes staminales appressae, additamento
adaxiali praeditae, lobos erectos,
Additamentum quam
filamentosos, tortos formantes. adaxiale brevior pars staminalis, erectum, elongato-
liguliforme.
Morat Madagascar
2291,
known
Only
material
P!).
much
Plants twining, branched. Subterranean organs unknown.
Shoots
perennial, 2.5-
indumentum
mm
trichomes. Leaves with
10-11
colleters at the base;
petiole 15-30 Leaf
long. blades
mm mm
herbaceous, 50-70
long, 25-35
wide, ovate,
basally cuneate,
apically apiculate (apex
mm
^m
14-20
long), adaxially with flexuous, 200-300 long
trichomes, equally distributed over
439
Fig. 5. Cynanchum moratii Liede A, leaves B, flower, two petals removed C, corona adaxially, showing Cs with
; ;
:
ligule, and Ci D, gynostegium in relation to the corona (partially removed); E, pollinarium F, stylar head. (Moral
; ;
2291). Drawings by U. Meve.