New School: A History of the New School for Social Research PDF
Preview New School: A History of the New School for Social Research
NEW SCHOOL NEW SCHOOL A History of the New School for Social Research Peter M. Rutkoff W illiam B. Scott H THE FREE PRESS A Division of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK Collier Macmillan Publishers LONDON Copyright © 1986 by The Free Press A Division of Macmillan, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The Free Press A Division of Macmillan, Inc. 866 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022 Collier Macmillan Canada, Inc. Printed in the United States of America printing number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PubUcation Data Rutkoff, Peter M. New School. Includes index. 1. New School for Social Research (New York, N.Y.)— History. 2. Adult education—New York (N.Y.)—History. 3. New School for Social Research (New York, N.Y.)— Graduate work—History. 4. Refugees, Political- Education (Higher)—New York (N.Y.)—History. 5. Scholars—New York (N.Y.)—History. I. Scott, William B. II. Title. LD3837.R87 1986 374'.97471 85-20465 ISBN 0-02-927200-9 Portions of Chapters 2 and 4 were originally commissioned by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for a forthcoming publication tentatively entitled The Advance of Science and Scholarship in Twentieth-Century America, Alexandra Oleson and John Voss, editors. Portions of Chapter 6 were first published as “Social Sciences and Politics: Hans Staudinger of the Npw School“ in Annals of Scholarship, vol. I, no. 3, pp. 7-30. Chapter 8 originally appeared as an article entitled “The French in New York, Resistance and Structure“ in Social Research, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 185-214. FOR JANE AND DONNA CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi 1. 1917: The Conception of a New School 1 2. The Doors Open in Chelsea 19 3. Growing Up on West Twelfth Street 43 4. Alvin Johnson and the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 65 5. Founding a University for Exiles 84 6. The Politics of Disillusionment, 1933-1945 107 vil vill CONTENTS 7. The Second Refugee Wave 128 8. The Free French in New York 153 9. Politics on Stage: Piscator and the Dramatic Workshop 172 10. A Return to Social Theory: The Graduate Faculty, 1945-1960 196 11. New Students for a New Era: Adult Education in the Postwar World 218 12. The Changing of the Guard 236 Notes 255 Index 301 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing The New School's history presented a formidable responsibili ty and challenge. Throughout we received generous help from col leagues, participants, libraries, institutions, friends, and family. At each step of the way our work has profited from the assistance of others, many of whom we can thank only generally. At the New School those who facilitated our research include Allen Austill, Albert Landa, Wallis Osterholz, Edith Wurtzel, Elizabeth Coleman, Sal Baldi, Jack Everett, Esther Levine, Karen Zebulon, Henry Greenberg, Jerome Kohn, Joan Grant, and Michael Lordi. At Kenyon our colleagues, Joan Cadden, Reed Browning, Roy Wortman, Martin Garhart, Jerry Irish, Philip Jordan, Jo Rice, Jami Peelle, and Howard Sacks, all encouraged and supported our work in various ways. Two of our students, Nancy Bolotin and Elizabeth Vierow, made very special contributions through their own work and research. Individuals at Kenyon and elsewhere who read parts of our work with care and (sometimes stiff) criticism include George Roeder, Dorothy Ross, Reed Browning, Robert Heilbroner, Arthur Vidich, Hans Speier, Adolph Lowe, and particularly Paul Conkin. We also wish to thank John Agresto, Ronald Overman, Robert Bremner, Stanley Kutler, David ix X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Hollinger, Herbert Gutman, lija Srubar, Patrick Reagan, Dan Carter, Edward Stettner, Jergen Stein, Ludwig Stein, Magda Woss, Michael Lutzger, John Spaleck, and Jerome Bruner for their support. The staffs and directors of the following libraries also deserve our thanks: The Kenyon Library, The Ohio State University Library, the American Jewish Archives (Cincinnati), The University of Southern II- linois-Carbondale, the Juilliard School, the New York Public Library, the Library of the Graduate Faculty of the New School, the Rockefeller Archives, the SUNY Albany Library, Sterling Library at Yale Univer sity, the Boston University Library, Harvard Law Library, the Leo Baeck Institute, the YIVO Institute, the University of Konstanz (Switzerland) Archives, the Archives de Deuxième Guerre Mondiale (Paris), the Columbia University Library, the Cornell Library, the Rutgers University Library, and the Museum of Modern Art. We re ceived generous and timely funding from Kenyon College, the National Endowment of the Humanities, the National Science Foundation, the American Philosophical Society, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Rockefeller Archives, and the Ludwig Vogelstein Foun dation. Mary Sparlin and Cathy Rennert typed and processed our manuscript again and again. We thank them both. Anne MacKinnon provided extensive stylistic help and Joyce Seltzer of The Free Press gave us the long-term support we needed, while Celia Knight and Judy Sacks aided our final preparation. Finally, we wish to thank the many individuals who permitted us to interview them. Unfortunately, for some this represents a posthumous acknowledgment. Our thanks and gratitude to Marion Ascoli, Berenice Abbott, Etienne Bloch, Henry Bonnet, Pierre Brodin, John Cage, Rona Connable, Joseph Cropsey, Felicia Deyrup, Mrs. C. Egas, Stella Fogelman, Robert Gwathmey, Ernst Hamburger, Robert Heilbroner, Mary Henle, Sidney Hook, Erich Hula, Hans Jonas, Hanna S. Janov- sky, Mme. A. Koyré, Max Lerner, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Maria Ley- Piscator, Seymour Lipton, Adolph Lowe, Thomas Luckmann, Albert Mayer, Clara Mayer, Elizabeth Minnich, Elizabeth Malaquais, Maurice Natanson, Henry Pachter, Saul Padover, Stella Saltonstall, Meyer Schapiro, Ilse Schutz, Reiner Schurmann, Hans Speier, Elizabeth Todd Staudinger, Hans Staudinger, Mrs. Leo Strauss, Genevieve Tabouis, Hannah Tillich, Meriam Beard Vagts, Michael Wertheimer, and Eliza beth Young-Bruehl. Last, our children, Joshua and Rebekah Rutkoff and Ansley and Laine Scott, who contributed in ways they do not yet understand.
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