New record of Ephestiopsis vishnu (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Japan, a candidate to be a biological control agent for exotic Azolla species

2015·6.1 MB·

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uetwh [epidopteraScience66(2)7:7-81,October2015

New record of Ephestio vpisshnius (Lepidoptera, from Japan ,a candidate to be a
biologica clontrol agent for exotic Azotl aspeciesPyralidae)
YintakaYosHIyAsu
Entomolegica lLaboratory G,raduat Sechoo lof Life and Environmenta lScience Oss,aka Prefectu Urneiversi tSya,kai,
Osaka,599-8531Japan

Abstrac tA phyciti nspeecies, Ephestiq pvisshinus is newly recorded from Iriomo tIeslan dO,kinawa Prcf ,J,apan
and redescribed based on Japanese specimens, with the male genital Tihae. larya weere feedin ogn Azoll aimbricata
in a creek by a paddy fiel dT.his species could be one of the biologic aciontrol agents for exotic Azolta species.
Key fern, Okinawa,Phycitinae,Salviniaceae,weed
words aquatic natural enemy, control,
Introduction
Observati oofn male genitalia
TK(htteiyp ppp hleeyorc csi1a,t9li8in1t ey(sS:pPuecymiarestar laEPi)h ,dweTasahstoei udo)gpehssic str hiveib sehI ndfaurrvo aRm loIhenosdslote nrwea ss&ia TodfHe Nstoc hsrea immbpalleeedsin gYwebernseihti uayslaedis auT f,hoer tmehteh( ood2bss0er1v 4awt)eiroen banafdsb irdcraalwli yansg
unknown in the original descriptio nM,ochida et al. KOH tre atm enttime, et al. except shorter
(1987 r)evealed that E, vishnu is one of the lepidopterous
pest sofAzolla species (Salvinia cwheicahe) i,s used as a Description
green manure by nitrogen fixati oinn paddy field isn the
Philippine sa,nd the species had been known as "the liphestiops viisshnu Roesle rand Ktippers 1,98 1
aiznoldlaic awetbewo srtm,"hese p hiyn ctihits icno uenltaryr.va eAwesb t hea ncdom mofneed o nna methe [Newly proposed Japanese name: Akaukikusa-
madarameiga]
floati nhgost plant isn stagnant water,
Iinm b2r0i1c3a It af(oRuondx sb oem.xe G rpiyfrfa .lN)i ad1kaariv aon ef eIreidoimn oogtn e IAszloalnlda, E PF6hi4esg, Ft,5ii0og ,p,5s10i 0,sv6i1s(h0an 6u(dfu Rkeloftme,)as ,5llg4eeer n, Fainitdga l,5Ki0iaf ,)1p,0p6e (rs m,1a9l8 ge1e: n4i6.tTaalf i ,f4aa3)f,,,
Okinawa Prefectur aend obtained adults which emerged
from them, The adults were determine das Ephestiops8 & \ (Fi gIsA &IF) Forewing lengt 5h.3-5 .mm4 in
6,O infemale,
vishnu, known from Indonesi aand the Philippine sA.s male, mm
the species has not been known to occur in Japan ,here I Head with vertex having a grou pof long fuscou sscales;
will record and redescribe the species. The male genitaliafrons smooth, rounded, fuscou sL.abial palpus narrow
are given to suit the convenience of identificat iIo anl.so and fulvous ,scattered with brown scales, evenly curved
discus sthe possibil oift tyhis species as an agent for the to narrow apex, reaching heigh tof vertex. Probosci swith
biologica lcontrol of exotic Azolla species jn the proximal scaling fulvous M,axillar ypalpus short
OkinawanIslandJsapan,
Antenna 213 long forewing,little
whitish. ciliate, as as a
Materials and methods suppressed lateral liyn male and slenderer in female.
Legsofmale shortand thickt,hoseoffemalelongerand

Co]lectin sgite and date of materials slenderer; forele gfuscou son anterior surface, midleg
The samples were collected at Sonai ,Iriomot eIsland, longer than hindleg ,fulvou sh;indleg fulvous ,Thorax
Okinawa Pref, ,on 5th March, 2013, where Azolla above fuscou sb,elow paler A,bdomen above dark brown
imbricat awas growing in a creek, along a paddy field at anterior half and greyis hbrown at posterio rhalf of
(Fi gI.B-C). Four larva e(Fi gI.D) of E, vishnu were each segment; abdomen below greyis hbrown,
caught at this site, and reared to the adult stage under Forewing rather narrow, greyis hbrown, but broadly
room conditions (c a20℃) in Kyoto ,producin gthree male suffiised with fuscous .Proximal area lighte orn anterior
and one female specimens, portio nan;temedial lin eindistin cfta,int loyblique from
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E
Fig .1, Adults ,immature stages und habita tof EPhestiopsi vsishnu, A, Adut tmate (Forewi lnegngth:
S.4 mm); B, habita t(Sona Iir,iorno tIes. )c,reek indicate dby an arrow; C. ditt oAz,olla imbricata
floati onng the water; D. a larv faeedi nogn hos tplant Es,; pupa] cocoons made of Aioll aleaves ;F.
adult femal eemerged,
costa to 215 of posterio rmargin, accompanied by a on posterolate rpaolrtio nof tegumen. Vincu]um long and
whitish band proximally; two obscure dark brown spots wide; saccus undeveloped. Uncus wide, parallel-sided
on anterior and posteri ocrorners of discocellulars;dorsall wyi,th apex divide dint otwo lobes and setose
postmedia lline undulate, incurved to vein M2, then dorso-lateral lGy.nathos narrow, with a remarkable
running parall weitlh outer margin, with a whitish band sickle-shaped proces smidventrally. Vttlv ealongate, distal
distall ym;arginal lin erepresented by blackis hspots half narrowed, densel ysetose on inner surface. Transtilla
between veins; cilia lighter greyis hbrown. Hindwing undeveloped. Juxta wide, with a pair of digita tperocesses
evenly ligh tfuscou esxcept for darke crostal margin and on both sides, being U-shaped in ventral view, Phallus
darke rscales along each vein; cilia light gerreyis hbrown. short and thick, membranous dorsally ,with a weak
Mtuaflt eo fg sepneicitaalil zie(adF isg ca,2l)e :sE xitn ererlnaat eigde npiotratli iowani stih,onuctl uadnying svcelnetrriatle sacsl ecroirtneu wthuisc;h c uits iwcildee rex tpeorisotre rreidoucreldy, to a narrow
8th abdominal segment. Tegumen wide and a little Material examined, 3819, Sonai, Iriomote Is.,
flatten eidn dorsa vliew; fenestru dlelvaelope dcircularly Taketomi-cho ,Okinawa Prefectu reme.,19-21.iii.2013
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A pyral iEdPhestio pvisshinus new to Japan 79
Ju
Fig ,2, Male genitali oaf EPhesti ovipsshniu,s A, Later avliew, phall ursemoved; B. ventral
view; C, right valva, inne rview; D, tegumen and uncus, dorsa vliew; E. phallus ,lateral
view. Abbreviation s:ce: cuticle exterior; fe: fenestru1 1gan;: gnathos;ju:juxt at;a: tuba
analis; te :tegumen; un: uncus ; va: valva; vi: vinculum. Scales :O.25 mm.
from larva ecollected on 5,iii.20 Y1,3 Y,bshiyas uleg. Discussion
(preserviendthe EntomologicalLaboratoryO,saka
An aquatic fern A,zolla species have long been known as
PrefectureUniversity),
a green manure in the paddy field asnd a livestoc fkood
Biologic anoltes. The larva eare on the host plant sand in Asia and the effective utilization of Azoll ahas been
feed on the upper leaves m,aking coarse tunnels with silk discuss e(dWatana b1e98,1) ,The plant sused also to be
on the upper side (Fi gI.D), They are not aquatic and do widely distribu tien dthe rice field sand neighboring
not feed on the lowe rleaves T,he mature larva egather wetlands in Japan ,However, these plant hsave decreased
hos tplant stogethe rs,pin the cocoons and pupat einside in number and distributi otno,gether with other water
(Fi gI,E). The pupal cocoons fioa ton the water among plants ,It is thought this decreas eis partl ydue to
the host plants. chemical application for weeds in the paddy fields
Reoseetnaombbalairrsekhlelsda .T fh reMo egmy erAniuucsskt ,rl ai1lp8i h7wae9i st(htib to yhpmeo s ntiRoystapygep eys)np,oecti,e s1T h8Me9) ,3 meawllaeosis (Adth,eK esiaEimndghvroniiarn c2to oan0eats,m1da e4acnnr) ditIt.,2 inc A0Ja,1la lj2yp )aaen. pndtaownogne iir encd(daiFg rsepanencoiuce Asshezt , o(SlMatiya sanpteic, si)ea tsro,efry
genita lofi aE, vishnu are rnuch differe nftrom those of E.
oenobaretla in having a posterior ldyivide duncus, the Some Azolla species have been known to invad eother
short phallu sa,nd a U-shaped juxt aTh.erefor et,he countries and cause serious problems by interbreeding
generi acssignment of E, vishnu should be revised in the with indigenou sspecies, and reproducing rapidly to
future. cover ponds ,lake sand creeks, affecting other aquatic
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80 Y．YOSHIYAsu

plant　sand　restricting　waterways ．　In　Japan　i　tis　reported Roesler　R．　U．　and 　P．　V．　Ktippers，1981．　Die　Phycitinae
血at　Azotl　caristata　Kaulf．　has　spread 　to　various　place　sin 　　（Lepidoptera：Pyralidae）von 　Sumatra；Taxonomi　eTeil　B，
HQnshu，　Shikok　uand 　Kyushu （Japan　Wildlif　eResearch 　　Okologie　und 　Geobiologie．　Beitr．ノ＞aturk ．　Forseh，
Cente，r2008；National　Institut　efor　Environmental 　　Sdidwestdeutschla　4n：d1−282．
Studie，2s015）and　it　was 　designate　ads　an　invasi　valeien Watanabe，1，，1981．　Biologica　lnitrogen 　fixatio　nby　Azo〃α一
負sp）remcuileast　eidn　　2b0a0s5e　ud　nodner　t　hte　hBe　a5’lsni　vcEansvii　vAreloinem　neS　npPtleacn　ibe　yAs　ctht”e 　　　　A∫nca’，bPalenaan　tsyNm｛Lbtiro．s5is2：4　5an5d−4　i6t4　s．us（eI　n　iJn　aApgarniceus）letur．　eJpn，　J．　Soc．
MhL（Kiyaanbmdiro．si　n　atdproreo　y　o，pefux2　ttl0eha1netd4　iiE）no．ng　　lvUbl　piesttr　hwtoeoein　re　tmanh　reAee．n　　a．　Rsptce　rrociefsest　naedttnialt　s　　yattinhrtd　eiis　s　Aber　u．eμetpxoi　or’itoctien祕n　cdJo　　a’ta4pnhdεaa∫tn Y　　Y　ob　　s　shhtRsiphieyeepcya　i．asM　esKuus，，　YsYyu　oo，ft，tr1iM　oomP9mi．r8　　nSe5J、aa　f　aAekUlp　　anasokfyniis　，vb　J．t，　aeaaAmr　pga　caaaltnnnoidsc（e（　3　Ls　7tNeu）rpde：．　yli1Had−t　iioo1rfp＞6a　tt　e2ie．2　hoer0　fa1N：　4yAP，my　A．　prah　clnruoielcdweiaa　nelAia）sne．　a　Sa　nncidiin．a
hybrid　Azo〃αare　not　presen　tin　the　Okinawa　Island．s 　　Europe（LepidQpter，a　Crambida）e．　Lep．　Sci．65；142−149．
Two 　species 　of　the　genus　Eloph〃α （Crambidae ，
Acentropinae），　E’．珈 酌α‘α （Butler，1881）and 　Et． 摘　要
廨g厂atbalis （Cara両a，1925），　are　known　to　feed　on　Azolla 日本初記録のEphestiopsi　vsishnu アカウキクサマ ダラメイ
species 　in　Japan（Y6shiyasu，1985）．　However，　they　are ガ （鱗翅目，メイガ科）一外来アゾラの生物的防除素材の一
pQlyphagous　and 　also　feed　on　other 　floatin　gaquatic 候補 （吉安 裕）
plant．　sSo　fa　ras　is　known，劭加∫勿ρ∫’∫vishnu 　seems 　to
be　monophagous ，　depending　only 　on　Azolla　speices 沖縄県西表島におい てアカウキクサAzolla　imbri（／ata （Roxb，
（Mochida　et αム，1987）and 　is　not 　harmful　to　other ex　Griff．）Nakaiを摂食してい たEphestiopsis　vishnu 　Roesler＆
omamental 　water 　plant　sand 　cultivated 　crops ，　although 　it Ktipper，s1981アカウキクサマ ダラメイガ （新称）を日本か
also　fbeds　on　indjgenou　sAzo〃α species ．　So　E．　vishnu ら初めて記録し，日本産個体をもとに再記載した，
could 　be　a　bene且cial　agent 　for　biologi　ccoanltrol　against 成 虫 〔Figs　lA ＆ 1F），前翅長 ； ♂5．3−5．4　mm ，♀6．O　mm ．
exotic 　Azo〃α species 　if　the　weeds 　are　accidentally 頭部の前額は丸く，平滑で黒褐色．ラビアル ・パ ルプスは
introducedintoOldnawa Prefectur．eWe
　 　 　 　 　could 　make 　a 細く，淡褐色に黒褐色を混ぜ，湾曲して上向し，ほぼ頭頂
good　use　of　this　natura 】enemy ． 部の高さに達する．触角は微毛状；♂では側方に圧縮され，
やや幅広となる ；♀では♂より細い．♂の脚は短く，灰褐
Acknowledgments
色 ；中脚は後脚より長い ；♀では♂より長く，細い．前翅
Iam 　gratefu　lto　Dr　S．　Mitsud，a　Doshish　aUniversit，y は細く1 灰褐色．内横線は不明瞭なが ら，斜め外方に伸び，
Kyoto 　for　confirming 　the　identificati　oonf　Azolla その内側に白色帯がある ；中室端の前端と後端には輪郭が
im囲 ca，ta　on　Iriomot　eIslan．　dI　express 　my 　cord孟al　thanks 不鮮明な黒点をもつ ；外横線とその外側の 白帯は湾曲する．
tPor　ePfreocf．　tDU　rrU　enMiv．　eIrsshii，　ti　Efynotr　poemmolloigtitci　am　nelLga　btoo　ruaseto　erqyu，j　POmsenatka が♀でややは前目横立線つ 内．側後の翅前は縁♂部♀及とびも中に央一部様のに前前縁翅付よ近りのも淡白色い帯灰
inthelaborato・ry， 褐色，翅脈部分が濃い 褐色となる．

♂交尾器 （Fig．2）：テグメンは背方からみて幅広く巾央部
References ー
は広く膜質：フェ ネス トル ラは発達する ；ビンクルムは
Japan　Wildlif　eResearc　Chente，r2008，　Alien　species 　of　Japan，　a 幅広で長い ：サッ クス は未発達 ；ウンクスは幅広く先端で
　　de伽itiv　eedition ．472　pp，　Heibonsha　Co，，　Ltd，，　Tokyo．（ln 二叉する ；バ ルバ は長 く，先端の約112は細まり，内面に
　　Japanese） は多数の刺毛を有する ：グナ トスは細く鎌状の顕著な腹中
Kadono，　Y ，2014．A　Fiel　dGuide　to　Aquatic　Plant　sof　Japan．326 線突起をもつ ；ユ クス タは先端部に数本の刺毛を有する指
　　PP．　Bun−ich　iCo，，　Ltd，，Tokyo．（In　Japanese） 状の側部突起を有し，腹面からみてU字状を呈する ：挿入
Ministr　yof　the　Environment 2012．　The　4th　version 　of　the 器は短く太く，背方部は膜質となり，弱い硬化部からなる
，
　　Japanese　red　list．　sPlant　sI，　Tracheophyt．e　Available肋 m コルヌ ツス をもつ ．なお，本種とEphestiopsi属sのタイプ種
　　https：〃www ．env ，go．jp／press！fil／ejsp12055［a7ccessed 　July で あるE．oenobaretla （Meyric，k1879）とは脈相で類似する
　　2015］． が，♂交尾器では顕著に異なることから，将来本種の所属
Mochida，0，，　Y．　Yoshiyasu，　and 　D，　Dimaano．1987，　Insec　tpests につ いては検討を要する．
　　of　Azo〃a　in　the　PhilipPines，　PP．207・221　in　AzQl】a
　　utilization ．　IntematiQ　nRailce　Researc　hInstit．　uRtOe，　Box 本種は水生ではなく，アゾラ植物体の上葉部に生息する．
　　933，Manila，　Philippine．s 幼虫は絹糸でアゾラの上葉の問に粗い トンネル状の巣をつ
Natlonal　Institu　tfeQr　Environmental　Studies，2015，　Invasive くり，中にい て巣を延長しながら周辺の上葉を摂食する．
　　species　of　Japan．　Availab　lferom　http：〃www 川ies．go．jp／ 老熟すると周辺の寄主葉を集め，絹糸で蛹室を紡ぎ中で蛹
　　biodivers！iintvyasi／v［aeccessed 　July　2015］． 化する．
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A　pyral　iEdphestiop　sviisshnu　new　to　Japan 81
近年，日本在来の アカウキクサ属　Azollaの2種，アカウ 日本にはAzoll属a 植物を寄主とする鱗翅類としてツ トガ科
キクサA．imbricataと オオァカウキクサA．　japonicはa絶滅 ミズメイガ亜科のヒメマダラミズメイガErop翩α僻 伽 αと
が危惧され，環境省のレッ ドリス ト（絶滅危惧 IB 類 （EX）， ソトキマ ダラミズメイガEl．　nigralbaiis が分布するが，これ
環境省，2012）に指定されている，一方，外国産の本属の らの種は他のウキクサ類も摂食し広食性であることが知ら
種が日本各地に侵入し，在来種の駆逐や在来種との交雑が れる．一方，アカウキクサマ ダラメイガは現在までの知見
懸念されるほか，水田，池，湖等の止水域で大量に繁殖し， ではAzoll属aの種だけを寄主とすることから，在来種に配
他の水生植物に悪影響を与えたり 水路障害となるなどで 慮しなければならないが，沖縄に外来アゾラが侵入した際
問題となっ てい る．とくに，アメ，リカオオアカウキクサA． の生物的防除素材の有効な一候補になりえよう．
cるri．st近ata年は，20ア05メ年リにカ環オ境オ省アのカ特ウ定キ外ク来サ生と物オにオ指ア定カさウれキてクいサ （Receive　Jdul　y17，2015．　Accepted　September　2，2015）
との雑種個体群であるアイオオアカウキクサの分布拡大も
問題となっ ている．
一
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