New Physics In B Decays

232 Pages·2022·22.043 MB·English

by  Sheldon Stone, Marina Artuso, Gino Isidori

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New Physics
b Decays
in
Marina Artuso
Syracuse University, USA
Gino Isidori
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Sheldon Stone
Syracuse University, USA
World Scientific
NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI • TOKYO
Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
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USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Stone, Sheldon, author. | Artuso, Marina, author. | Isidori, G. (Gino), author.
Title: New physics in b decays / Sheldon Stone, Marina Artuso, Gino Isidori.
Description: New Jersey : World Scientific, [2022] | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021050571 (print) | LCCN 2021050572 (ebook) |
ISBN 9789811251290 (hardcover) | ISBN 9789811251306 (ebook for institutions) |
ISBN 9789811251313 (ebook for individuals)
Subjects: LCSH: Beta decay. | CP violation (Nuclear physics) | Standard model (Nuclear physics)
Classification: LCC QC793.5.B425 S76 2022 (print) | LCC QC793.5.B425 (ebook) |
DDC 539.7/523--dc23/eng/20211201
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021050571
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021050572
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
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Printed in Singapore
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Acknowledgments
Marina Artuso and Sheldon Stone thank the U. S. National Science
FoundationandSyracuseUniversityforsupport.GinoIsidoriacknowledges
the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation, the European
Research Council, and the University of Zurich. We all thank many flavor
physics oriented theorists and experimentalists for interesting and useful
conversations,and numerous collaborations.Marina Artuso thanks Robert
Bernstein and Alexey Petrov for the useful conversations in the shared
effort in the current U.S. particle physics community planning study.
Gino Isidori is particularly grateful to Riccardo Barbieri, Javier Fuentes-
Martin, Admir Greljo, Davide Marzocca, and Nicola Serra, whose critical
comments and constructive discussions have contributed to shape many of
the ideas presented in chapter 4. Special thanks go to Marzia Bordone,
Claudia Cornella, and Phillip Urquijo for reading and commenting on
the manuscript. Finally we would like to thank Marcello Rotondo for
communications on HFLAV averages, Marcella Bona for help with UTfit
averages,andJeromeCharlesandStephaneMonteil forhelponCKMfitter
and CKMlive.
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Preface
At the time of publication one of the authors of this book, Sheldon Stone,
will not be here to see the last fruit of his labor published. His coauthors
wouldliketodedicatethisbooktohismemoryandtosharewiththereaders
the passion and vibrancy that he brought to this project.
Throughout his career, Sheldon was always relentlessly seeking man-
ifestations of new physics in b decays. This was pursued through the
developmentofnewdetectortechnologiesincalorimetry,trackingorhadron
identification,andviadifferentexperimentalapproaches.Afterpioneeringb
physicsatelectro-positroncolliders,withthe CLEOexperimentatCornell,
he played a major role in the development of b physics experiments at
hadron machines, demonstrating the high potential of this apparently hos-
tileenvironmentinunveilingalargelyunexploredb-hadronphenomenology.
In parallel,he wasconstantly involvedinthe explorationof new signatures
and new analysis techniques.
The bookoriginatesfromanidea ofSheldon. Excitingresults challeng-
ingourunderstandingoffundamentalphysicshaveemergedfromb-physics
experimentsinthelastfewyears.Hefeltitwasimportanttodiscussthemin
a thorough but also accessible way, both experimentally and theoretically.
These results are critically analyzed with a healthy skepticism, but also
the growing awareness that they could represent a turning point in our
understanding of the laws of Nature. Their implications for the future of
this field are also discussed.
Writing this book has been a unique experience: it was an honor to
work with a scientist with the drive, knowledge, and wit, characteristic of
Sheldon. It was a privilege to share this journey with him, and we are
grateful for the wonderful collaboration that we developed along the way.
Marina Artuso and Gino Isidori
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Contents
Acknowledgments v
Preface vii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Standard Model and its open problems . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 The flavor structure of the SM and the
CKM matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 A first overview of b physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.1 Searching for NP in b decays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Experimental aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4 Theoretical tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.4.1 Some properties of the CKM matrix . . . . . . . . . 16
1.4.2 Low-energy effective Lagrangians . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4.3 Hadronic matrix elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.4.4 Effective Lagrangiansfor physics beyond
the SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.4.5 Accidental and approximate symmetries . . . . . . 27
2 Traditional New Physics searches 30
2.1 Determining the size of the CKM elements . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.1 Measurements of |Vcb| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.2 Measurements of |Vub| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.1.3 The composition of the inclusive semileptonics
bottom to charm branching fractions . . . . . . . . 39
2.2 The measurement of γ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
ix