New Photonics Technologies For The Information Age: The Dream Of Ubitquitous Services (Artech House Optoelectronics Library)

233 Pages·2004·7.79 MB·English

by  Shoichi Sudo

New Photonics Technologies
for the Information Age
The Dream of Ubiquitous Services
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New Photonics Technologies
for the Information Age
The Dream of Ubiquitous Services
Shoichi Sudo
Katsunari Okamoto
Editors
Artech House, Inc.
Boston • London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
AcatalogrecordofthisbookisavailablefromtheU.S.LibraryofCongress.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
InternationalSymposiumonNewFrontiersforUbiquitousITServices(2003:AtsugiR&D
Center)
New photonics technologies for the information age: the dream of ubiquitous services.—
(ArtechHouseoptoelectronicslibrary)
1.Photonics—Congresses 2.Ubiquitouscomputing—Congresses
3.Opticalcommunications—Congresses
I.Title II.Sudo,S.(Shoichi) III.Okamoto,Katsunari,1949–
621.3’6
ISBN 1-58053-696-4
CoverdesignbyIgorValdman
©2004NipponTelegraphandTelephoneCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
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InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-696-4
10987654321
Ahumanbeingisonlyareed,theweakestinnature,butheisathinkingreed.To
crushhim,thewholeuniversedoesnothavetoarmitself.Amist,adropofwater,is
enough to kill him. But if the universe were to crush the reed, the man would be
noblerthanhiskiller,sinceheknowsthatheisdying,andthattheuniversehasthe
advantageoverhim.Theuniverseknowsnothingaboutthis.
Allourdignityconsiststhereforeofthought.Itisfromtherethatwemustbelifted
upandnotfromspaceandtime,whichwecouldneverfill.
Soletusworkonthinkingwell.Thatistheprincipleofmorality.
—BlaisePascal,Pensées
Noneisoffreedomoroflifedeserving
Unlesshedailyconquersitanew.
—JohannWolfgangvonGoethe,Faust
.
Contents
Preface xi
CHAPTER 1
The Dream of Ubiquitous IT Services 1
Introduction 1
ScopeofThisBook 1
TheDreamofUbiquitousITServices 2
References 4
CHAPTER 2
New Frontiers of Discovery and Innovation 5
Introduction 5
Inventions,Inventors,Patents,andCopyrights 6
BigAudaciousGoals 7
GlobalWindSensing 8
LIGO,LISA,andGravitationalWaves 10
TheBigPicture:SiliconValleyGoesGlobal 13
TechnologyAdoption 15
ConcludingRemarks 16
References 16
CHAPTER 3
Photonic Crystal Fibers in Communications and Sensing 19
Introduction 19
FabricationTechniques 21
BandStructureofthePhotonicCrystalCladding 21
ModalFiltering:AnEndlesslySingle-ModePCF 23
SupercontinuumGeneration 25
SoundandLightinPCF 28
Hollow-CorePCFs 30
ApplicationsofHollow-CorePCFs 32
Intra-PCFDevices 35
FinalComments 36
Acknowledgments 36
References 37
vii
viii Contents
CHAPTER 4
Femtosecond Pulse Processing and Applications to Optical Communications 39
Acknowledgments 64
References 64
CHAPTER 5
Global Network: Prospects for the Future 69
Introduction 69
FiberNetworks 69
UltrahighReliabilityLAN 73
WirelessCommunications 74
SpaceNetworks 75
InnovativeSpaceArchitectures 77
Summary 79
CHAPTER 6
Standards for Optical Communications and Sensing 83
References 91
CHAPTER 7
Physics and Applications of Nanophotonics 93
Introduction 93
TheoreticalStudyofaNanophotonicSwitch 95
PrincipleofaNanophotonicSwitch 95
EnergyTransferInducedbyOpticalNear-FieldInteraction 97
ObservationofaDipole-ForbiddenEnergyTransferforaNanophotonic
Switch 109
FabricationandCharacterizationofNanopatternsbyOpticalNearField 114
NonresonantNear-FieldOpticalChemicalVaporDepositionofZn 114
ObservationofSize-DependentFeaturesinthePhotoluminescence
ofZnONanocrystallites 118
PlasmonWaveguideforOpticalFar/Near-FieldConversion 121
PrincipleofaPlasmonWaveguide 121
ExcitationandObservationof1-DPlasmonMode 123
AKeyDeviceforGeneration/DetectionofOpticalNearField 125
MetallizedPyramidalSiliconProbe 125
FabricationofaMetallizedPyramidalSiliconProbeandObservation
ofLocalizedPlasmonResonance 127
ApplicationtoHigh-DensityandHigh-SpeedOpticalMemory 129
OpticalNear-FieldSlider 129
FabricationofOpticalNear-FieldSliderandRecording-Readout
Experiments 130
Summary 132
Acknowledgments 133
References 133
Contents ix
CHAPTER 8
Optical Coherence Tomography and the Related Techniques for
Biomedical Applications 139
References 156
CHAPTER 9
Optical Fiber Sensors for Smart Materials/Structures and Optical
Communications 159
Introduction 159
DistributedandMultiplexedFiber-OpticSensing 159
SynthesisofOpticalCoherenceFunction 161
BrillouinOpticalCorrelationDomainAnalysis 161
BrillouinScattering 161
BOCDATechnique 163
HighSpatialResolutionDistributedStrainMeasurement 165
DynamicStrainMeasurement 166
DemonstrationofSmartMaterialsandSmartStructures 169
DistributedFiber-OpticForceSensing 173
ReflectometryforFTTH 174
FBGMultiplexedSensing 175
Conclusion 176
References 177
CHAPTER 10
A Near-Field Sensing Transceiver for Intrabody Communications 181
Introduction 181
Near-Field-SensingTransceiver 182
Electric-FieldModel 182
Electric-Field-SensorUnit 183
ConfigurationoftheTransceiver 185
ExperimentalResults 187
WaveformEstimationonPhantomModel 187
IntrabodyCommunication 188
CommunicationsTest 189
Conclusion 190
Acknowledgments 191
References 191
CHAPTER 11
Millimeter-Wave Photonic Technologies for Communications and
Sensor Applications 193
Introduction 193
LightWavesandRadioWaves 194
ProgressinKeyComponentTechnologies 194
OpticalMMWSources 195
O-EConversionDevices 197