New perspectives on old texts: proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature, 9-11January, 2005 (Studies on the texts of the Desert of Judah; Vol. 88) PDF
Preview New perspectives on old texts: proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature, 9-11January, 2005 (Studies on the texts of the Desert of Judah; Vol. 88)
New Perspectives on Old Texts Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by Florentino García Martínez Associate editors Peter W. Flint Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar VOLUME 88 New Perspectives on Old Texts Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature, 9–11 January, 2005 Edited by Esther G. Chazon Betsy Halpern-Amaru In collaboration with Ruth A. Clements LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 Tis book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature. International Symposium (10th : 2005 : Hebrew University of Jerusalem) New perspectives on old texts : proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature, 9–11 January, 2005 / edited by Esther G. Chazon, Betsy Halpern-Amaru in collaboration with Ruth A. Clements. p. cm. — (Studies on the texts of the Desert of Judah ; v. 88) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-18307-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Dead Sea scrolls—Congresses. I. Chazon, Esther G. II. Amaru, Betsy Halpern. III. Clements, Ruth. IV. Title. V. Series. BM487.O75 2010 296.1’55—dc22 2009052231 ISSN 0169-9962 ISBN 978 90 04 18307 0 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints BRILL, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................. vii Abbreviations ...................................................................................... ix NEW APPROACHES Exile and Self-Identity in the Qumran Sect and in Hellenistic Judaism ............................................................................................. 3 Noah Hacham Te Legacy of the Teacher of Righteousness in the Dead Sea Scrolls ............................................................................................... 23 Loren T. Stuckenbruck Ritual Density in Qumran Practice: Ablutions in the Serekh Ha-Yahạ d ......................................................................................... 51 Michael A. Daise From Enoch to John the Essene—An Analysis of Sect Development: 1 Enoch, Jubilees, and the Essenes ..................... 67 Eyal Regev INNOVATIVE READINGS Education and Wisdom in the Dead Sea Scrolls in Light of their Background in Antiquity .............................................................. 97 Bilhah Nitzan Te Use of Scripture in 1Q/4QMysteries ........................................ 117 Torleif Elgvin “Memory and Manuscript”: Books, Scrolls, and the Tradition of the Qumran Texts ..................................................................... 133 Lawrence H. Schiffman vi contents Te Wood-Ofering: Te Convoluted Evolution of a Halakhah in Qumran and Rabbinic Law .......................................................... 151 Cana Werman REASSESSING OLD PERSPECTIVES Further Refections on a Divine and Angelic Humanity in the Dead Sea Scrolls .............................................................................. 185 Crispin H. T. Fletcher-Louis Te Polemic against the Ṭevul Yom: A Reexamination ............... 199 Martha Himmelfarb Qumran and the Genealogy of Western Mysticism ..................... 215 Philip S. Alexander Index of Modern Authors ................................................................. 237 Index of Ancient Sources .................................................................. 240 PREFACE Tis volume contains a selection of papers presented at the Tenth Annual Orion International Symposium, sponsored by the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and held January 9–11, 2005. To celebrate its tenth anniversary and in anticipation of full publica- tion of the Scrolls, slated for 2001 but actually completed in 2009, the Center decided that the program for this symposium would be framed to engage a wide range of scholarship on the theme of “New Perspec- tives on Old Texts.” Refecting the broad scope of the tenth symposium, the papers in this volume demonstrate varied methodologies and treat major issues within the Qumran corpus. At the same time, each of these papers ofers fresh insights into a particular text or genre of texts. Several papers demonstrate the fruitfulness of applying constructs and meth- ods drawn from other disciplines to the study of the Scrolls. Others, grounded in the history of Judaism or the history of religion, explore issues hitherto not addressed, and in three instances, highlight the need for reassessment of earlier scholarship. Noah Hacham adopts the sociohistorical construct of “diasporan identity” as an analytical tool to compare the mindset of the sectar- ian Qumran community with that of Hellenistic Jewish communities living outside the land of Israel. Applying social memory theory to texts and contexts dealing with the Teacher of Righteousness, Loren Stuckenbruck examines the reception of the “recorded memory” of the Teacher by later devotees and shows how that memory was employed to reinforce the self-perception of the Qumran community in its new circumstances. Michael Daise employs ritual theory and a modifed version of Jacob Milgrom’s approach to ritual in Leviticus to address the issue of ritual density in Qumran practice, particularly as demon- strated by the ablutions prescribed in Serekh Ha-Yaḥad. Te fourth paper in this group, that of Eyal Regev, uses sociological distinctions between reform and sectarian movements to support an argument regarding the chronological relationship between 1 Enoch, Jubilees, the Essenes, and the development of the Qumran sectarian community. Among the papers grounded in the history of religion is Bilhah Nit- zan’s study of the philosophy of education embedded within Qumran viii preface sapiential texts with a particular focus on their appropriation of tradi- tional values and accommodation of the apocalyptic and deterministic worldviews of Qumran theology. A close analysis of biblical allusions in 1Q/4QMysteries, Torleif Elgvin’s paper uncovers deliberate borrowing, interpretation, confation, recontextualization, and recasting of biblical phrases in the sapiential, eschatological, and hymnic sections of this composite work. Lawrence Schifman examines writing as a mode of transmission at Qumran and explores the relationship between spe- cifc designations for written texts and their type of authority. Cana Werman’s paper examines the interplay between popular custom and legal principles in the intricate development of the halakhah relating to the wood ofering in Second Temple and rabbinic texts. Reassessment is the primary theme of the last three papers. Explor- ing Qumran cosmology and anthropology, particularly its “liturgical anthropology,” Crispin Fletcher-Lewis discloses a holistic worldview that calls into question the dualistic cosmology so ofen ascribed to the Qumran community. Looking anew at the issue of tẹ vul yom in the Temple Scroll, 4QD, and 4QMMT, Martha Himmelfarb raises method- ological questions regarding the reading of Qumran texts in the light of later rabbinic halakhah and cautions against necessarily presuming opposing streams of law in the centuries before 70 CE. Lastly, Philip Alexander’s fresh examination of the evidence for mystical praxis in the Scrolls invites reconsideration of Scholem’s construction of the development of Jewish mysticism and argues for integration of the Qumran evidence into the history of western mysticism. We would like to thank the staf of the Orion Center for their assis- tance in production of the volume. Dr. Ruth Clements, head of Orion publications, prepared the manuscript. Orion research assistant Nadav Sharon prepared and checked the Hebrew and Greek texts; he and research assistant Hannah Wortzman helped proof the volume. As always, we are grateful to the editorial staf of Brill Academic Press, especially Mattie Kuiper and Peter Buschman, for its eforts in bring- ing the book to publication. We particularly wish to express our appreciation to the Orion Foun- dation, the Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for their generous support of the ongoing work of the Orion Center, in which the international symposia and symposium volumes play a major role. Esther Chazon and Betsy Halpern-Amaru Jerusalem, 2009 ABBREVIATIONS AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992 ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Ed. H. Temporini and W. Haase. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972– ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research BASORSup Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Supplement Series BDB Brown, F., S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907. BEATAJ Beiträge zur Erforschung des Alten Testaments und des antiken Judentum BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium BJS Brown Judaic Studies BZAW Beihefe zur Zeitschrif für die alttestamentliche Wis- senschaf BZNW Beihefe zur Zeitschrif für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaf CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CEJL Commentaries on Early Jewish Literature CPJ Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum. Ed. V. A. Tcherikover, A Fuks and M. Stern. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957–1964 CRINT Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EDSS Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Ed. L. H. Schifman and J. C. VanderKam. 2 vols. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000
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