New Perspectives on Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286

269 Pages·2013·17.279 MB·English

by  Matthew Hammond (ed.)

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PMS 156+4mm 25mm 156+4mm
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The years between the deaths of King Máel Coluim and Queen Margaret in H
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1093 and King Alexander III in 1286 witnessed the formation of a kingdom E
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resembling the Scotland we know today, which was a full member of the
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European club of monarchies; the period is also marked by an explosion in
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d Medieval Scotland
the production of documents. .
This volume includes a range of new studies casting fresh light on the 1093-1286
institutions and people of the Scottish kingdom, especially in the thirteenth
century. New perspectives are offered on topics as diverse as the limited
reach of Scottish royal administration and justice, the ties that bound the
unfree to their lords, the extent of a political community in the time of
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King Alexander II, a view of Europeanisation from the spread of a common
material culture, the role of a major Cistercian monastery in the kingdom and eN
the broader world, and the idea of the neighbourhood in Scots law. There d
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are also chapters on the corpus of charters and names and the innovative iw
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technology behind the People of Medieval Scotland prosopographical
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database, which makes use of over 6000 individual documents from the aP 2
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Matthew Hammond is a Research Associate at the University of Glasgow. c m
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Contributors: JOHN BRADLEY, STUART CAMPBELL, DAVID CARPENTER, tc
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MATTHEW HAMMOND, EMILIA JAMROZIAK, CYNTHIA NEVILLE, at
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MICHELE PASIN, KEITH STRINGER, ALICE TAYLOR. v
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Cover image: seal of John, prior of St Andrews (1264–1304), showing St Andrew s
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on the cross. TNA, SC13/E43. Used by permission of The National Archives. o
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Series: Studies in Celtic History 2
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GENERAL EDITORS: Dauvit Broun, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Huw Pryce
Boydell & Brewer Ltd Edited by Matthew Hammond
PO Box 9, Woodbridge IP12 3DF (GB) and
668 Mt Hope Ave, Rochester NY14620-2731 (US)
www.boydellandbrewer.com
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Studies in Celtic History XXXII
NEW PERSPECTIVES ON MEDIEVAL SCOTLAND
1093 –1286
STUDIES IN CELTIC HISTORY
ISSN 0261-9865
General editors
Dauvit Broun
Máire Ní Mhaonaigh
Huw Pryce
Studies in Celtic History aims to provide a forum for new research into all aspects
of the history of Celtic-speaking peoples throughout the whole of the medieval
period. The term `history’ is inderstood broadly: any study, regardless of discipline,
which advances our knowledge and understanding of the history of Celtic-speaking
peoples will be considered. Studies of primary sources, and of new methods of
exploiting such sources, are encouraged.
Founded by Professor David Dumville, the series was relaunched under new
editorship in 1997. Proposals or queries may be sent directly to the editors at the
addresses given below; all submissions will receive prompt and informed consid-
eration before being sent to expert readers.
Professor Dauvit Broun, Department of History (Scottish), University of Glasgow,
9 University Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QH
Dr Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, St John’s College, Cambridge, CB2 1TP
Professor Huw Pryce, School of History, Welsh History and Archaeology, Bangor
University, Gwynedd LL57 2DG
For titles already published in this series
see the end of this volume
NEW PERSPECTIVES
ON MEDIEVAL SCOTLAND
1093–1286
Edited by
MATTHEW HAMMOND
THE BOYDELL PRESS
© Contributors 2013
All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation
no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system,
published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast,
transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission of the copyright owner
First published 2013
The Boydell Press, Woodbridge
ISBN 978-1-84383-853-1
The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd
PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK
and of Boydell & Brewer Inc.
668 Mount Hope Ave, Rochester, NY 14620-2731, USA
website: www.boydellandbrewer.com
A catalogue record of this publication is available
from the British Library
The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or
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in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites
is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate
Papers used by Boydell & Brewer Ltd are natural, recyclable products
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Printed and bound in Great Britain by
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CONTENTS
List of illustrations and tables vi
List of contributors vii
Acknowledgements viii
Abbreviations ix
Maps xiv

1 Introduction: The paradox of medieval Scotland, 1093–1286 1
Matthew Hammond
2 The Scottish ‘political community’ in the reign of Alexander II 53
(1214–49)
Keith Stringer

3 Homo ligius and unfreedom in medieval Scotland 85
Alice Taylor
4 Scottish royal government in the thirteenth century from an 117
English perspective
David Carpenter
5 Neighbours, the neighbourhood, and the visnet in Scotland, 161
1125–1300
Cynthia J. Neville

6 Cistercian identities in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Scotland: 175
the case of Melrose Abbey
Emilia Jamroziak

7 The language of objects: material culture in medieval Scotland 183
Stuart D. Campbell
8 Structuring that which cannot be structured: a role for formal 203
models in representing aspects of medieval Scotland
John Bradley and Michele Pasin
Bibliography 215
Index 237
ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES
Table 1.1. Documents by grantor type 11
Table 1.2. Types and numbers of transactions 13
Table 1.3. Minimum and maximum numbers of documents per 17
decade, 1093–1199
Table 1.4. Document types: simplified categories 20
Table 1.5. Locations of place-dates 21
Table 1.6. Documents in the names of abbots, priors, and other 25
monks and canons
Table 1.7. Documents in the name of lay grantors 29
Table 1.8. Fifty most frequently attested personal names 33
Table 1.9. Names of New Testament figures 39
Table 1.10. Twenty most frequently attested women’s names 44
Table 4.1. Lucra of the justiciars as found in the 1260s accounts 135
Table 6.1. References to other Cistercian abbeys in the chronicle of 179
Melrose
Figure 7.1. Gold annular brooch from Carriden © Crown Copyright 187
Figure 7.2. Typical styles of finger rings, ca 1200 © Crown Copyright 189
Figure 7.3. Harness pendant from Ballumbie, Angus © Crown 193
Copyright
Figure 7.4. Enamelled bronze dagger pommel from Doune castle 194
© Crown Copyright
Figure 7.5. Seal matrix from Baldovan, Angus, showing a stag 196
© Crown Copyright
Figure 7.6. Bronze and gilt belt buckle, from Burghead, Moray 197
© Crown Copyright
Figure 7.7. From left to right, a silver pendant cross, a fragment of 199
Limoges-style reliquary, and a harness pendant, all from
Dunstaffnage castle © Crown Copyright
Figure 7.8. Seal matrix from Dunstaffnage castle with galley © Crown 200
Copyright
Figure 8.1. Prosopography of the later Roman empire: Eucherius 4 205
Figure 8.2. The factoid model of prosopography 207
Figure 8.3. PASE factoid: Guthlac 208
vi
CONTRIBUTORS
John Bradley is Senior Lecturer in Digital Humanities at King’s College London.
Stuart D. Campbell is Head of the Treasure Trove Unit at National Museums
Scotland, Edinburgh.
David Carpenter is Professor of Medieval History at King’s College London.
Matthew Hammond was Lead Researcher for the ‘Paradox of Medieval Scotland’
project from 2007 to 2008 and Lecturer in Scottish History at the University of
Edinburgh from 2008 to 2011.
Emilia Jamroziak is Senior Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of
Leeds.
Cynthia J. Neville is George Munro Professor of History, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, Canada.
Michele Pasin was Research Associate at the Department of Digital Humanities,
King’s College London.
Keith Stringer is Professor of Medieval British History at Lancaster University.
Alice Taylor is Lecturer in Medieval History at King’s College London.
vii
ABBREVIATIONS
A. B. Ill. Illustrations of the Topography and Antiquities
of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff, ed. Joseph
Robertson, Spalding Club, 4 vols (Aberdeen
1847–69)
Abdn. Reg. Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis, ed. Cosmo
Innes, Spalding and Maitland Clubs, 2 vols
(Edinburgh 1845)
Add. Additional
Ancient Burgh Laws The Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs
of Scotland, ed. Cosmo Innes, Scottish Burgh
Records Society, vol. i (Edinburgh 1868)
App. Appendix
APS The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ed.
Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Innes, 12 vols
(Edinburgh 1814–75)
Arb. Lib. Liber S. Thome de Aberbrothoc, ed. Cosmo
Innes and Patrick Chalmers, Bannatyne Club,
2 vols (Edinburgh 1848–56)
A. S. Rels Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1174–1328: Some
Selected Documents, ed. E. L. G. Stones (Oxford
1970)
Balm. Lib. Liber Sancte Marie de Balmorinach, ed. William
B. D. D. Turnbull, Abbotsford Club (Edinburgh
1841)
BL British Library, London
Camb. Reg. Registrum Monasterii S. Marie de Cambusken-
neth, ed. William Fraser, Grampian Club
(Edinburgh 1872)
C. A. Chrs Charters of the Abbey of Coupar Angus, ed. D.
E. Easson, Scottish History Society, 2 vols
(Edinburgh 1947)
C. A. Rent. Rental Book of the Cistercian Abbey of Cupar
Angus, ed. Charles Rogers, Grampian Club,
2 vols (London 1879–80)
CDS Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland
Preserved in Her Majesty’s Public Record Office,
London, ed. Joseph Bain, 4 vols (Edinburgh
1881–8); Calendar of Documents Relating to
Scotland Preserved in the Public Record Office
ix
Abbreviations
and the British Library, vol. v, ed. Grant G.
Simpson and James D. Galbraith ([Edinburgh]
1986)
Chron. Bower Walter Bower, Scotichronicon, ed. D. E. R. Watt
et al., 9 vols (Aberdeen and Edinburgh 1987–98)
Chron. Fordun Johannis de Fordun, Chronica Gentis Scotorum,
ed. W. F. Skene, The Historians of Scotland 1 and
4, 2 vols (Edinburgh 1871)
Chron. Holyrood A Scottish Chronicle known as the Chronicle of
Holyrood, ed. M. O. Anderson (Edinburgh 1938)
Chron. Melrose The Chronicle of Melrose from the Cottonian
Manuscript, Faustina B. IX in the British
Museum, ed. A. O. Anderson and M. O. Ander-
son, with an index by W. Croft Dickinson
(London 1936)
Chron. Melrose (London) The Chronicle of Melrose, trans. J. Stevenson,
Church Historians of England, vol. iv (London
1856)
Chron. Wyntoun The Original Chronicle of Andrew of Wyntoun,
ed. F. J. Amours, Scottish Text Society, 6 vols
(Edinburgh 1903–14)
Chrs David I The Charters of King David I: The Written Acts
of David I King of Scots, 1124–53 and of His
Son Henry Earl of Northumberland, 1139–52,
ed. G. W. S. Barrow (Woodbridge 1999)
Cold. Corr. The Correspondence, Inventories, Account Rolls
and Law Proceedings of the Priory of Cold-
ingham, ed. James Raine, Surtees Society
(London 1841)
CPR Calendar of the Patent Rolls (London 1891–)
CRR Curia Regis Rolls Preserved in the Public Record
Office Richard I–1250, 20 vols (London and
Woodbridge 1922–2006)
DLV The Durham Liber Vitae, ed. David Rollason and
Lynda Rollason, 3 vols (London 2007)
Dryb. Lib. Liber S. Marie de Dryburgh, ed. William Fraser,
Bannatyne Club (Edinburgh 1847)
Dunf. Reg. Registrum de Dunfermelyn, ed. Cosmo Innes,
Bannatyne Club (Edinburgh 1842)
ER The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, ed. John Stuart
et al., 23 vols (Edinburgh 1878–1908)
ESC Early Scottish Charters prior to 1153, ed.
Archibald C. Lawrie (Glasgow 1905)
Foedera Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae et Cuiuscunque
Generis Acta Publica, ed. Thomas Rymer, Record
Commission, 4 vols (London 1816–69)
x