New Perspectives in Magnesium Research: Nutrition and Health PDF
Preview New Perspectives in Magnesium Research: Nutrition and Health
New Perspectives in Magnesium Research Yoshiki Nishizawa, Hirotoshi Morii, and Jean Durlach, Eds. New Perspectives in Magnesium Research Nutrition and Health Yoshiki Nishizawa, MD, PhD Hirotoshi Morii, MD, PhD Dean of Medicine Emeritus Professor Professor of Internal Medicine Osaka City University Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology Osaka, Japan and Molecular Medicine Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka, Japan Jean Durlach, MD, PhD President of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium (SDRM) Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France and Editor-in-Chief Magnesium Research journal British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International Magnesium Symposium (11th : 2006 : Osaka, Japan) New perspectives in magnesium research : nutrition and research 1. Magnesium – Physiological effect – Congresses 2. Minerals in human nutrition – Congresses 3. Metabolism – Disorders – Congresses I. Title II. Nishizawa, Yoshiki, 1945– III. Morii, H. (Hirotoshi) IV. Durlach, Jean 612.3′924 ISBN-13: 9781846283888 ISBN-10: 1846283884 Library of Congress Control Number: 2006925869 ISBN-10: 1-84628-388-4 Printed on acid-free paper ISBN-13: 978-1-84628-388-8 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Spinger Science+Business Media springer.com Preface Magnesium: New Vistas Eighteen years after the 5th International Magnesium Symposium was held in Kyoto in 1988, the Japanese Society for Magnesium Research (JSMR) is orga- nizing the 11th International Magnesium Symposium in ISE-Osaka. The vital- ity of the Japanese Society has been evidenced by the regular publication of its journal (Journal of the Japanese Society of Magnesium Research), which ensures regular updating of current Japanese research on magnesium, and by its participation in the activities of the international Society for the Develop- ment of Research on Magnesium (SDRM). Thanks to the effi cient management of Yoshiki Nishizawa, Hirotoshi Morii, and Masaaki Inaba, the publication of this book of proceedings provides new vistas on magnesium research in 2006. It comprises reports presented during the plenary sessions concerning the role of magnesium not only in physiology, chronobiology, nutrition, epidemiology, and internal medicine particularly, cardiology, neurology, rheumatology, gynecology, and nephrology, but also in stomatology, pharmacognosy, and veterinary medicine. Unlike many books that promise more than their texts deliver, the multi- plicity and interest of the discussed topics can but stimulate careful reading of this book, which gives a platform to authors originating from many parts of the world. Published 35 years after the 1st International Magnesium Sym- posium, it demonstrates that magnesium research stands the test of time and that a wide path remains open for further investigation. Such as it is, this book provides a valuable tool for interdisciplinary research in the future. Jean Durlach September 2006 Preface New Perspectives in Magnesium Research is published as a document of the 11th International Magnesium Symposium, a joint meeting of Japanese Society for Magnesium Research. Professor Jean Durlach has been President of Inter- national Society for Magnesium Research since it was established in 1970. There are international meetings every 2 to 3 years in many parts of the world. The last meeting hosted by the Japanese Society for Magnesium Research was in Kyoto in 1988, when the Society President was Professor Yoshinori Itokawa. Magnesium is the most abundant cation, second only to potassium in the intracellular compartment and to calcium in bone tissues. One of the big dif- ferences between calcium and magnesium is the difference between intra- and extracellular levels. Extra- and intracellular ratio is 10,000 for calcium, but 0.33 for magnesium. Such facts have signifi cance for maintenance of life. Intracellular space rich in magnesium is just like seawater, adequate for the origin of life and maintenance of life in sea animals and plants. Bone magne- sium constitutes a part of hydroxyapatite and may be important in maintain- ing bone integrity. In physiological situations, magnesium is involved in metabolism of fat, amino acids, and sugar. Magnesium plays an important role in PPAR (peroxi- some proliferators-activated receptor)–mediated signaling pathways as a key cofactor in the protein phosphorylation. In bone and calcium metabolism, magnesium seems to play roles as a con- stituent of bone. Experimentally, magnesium defi ciency induces osteoporosis but there have not been defi nite evidences of correlation between osteoporosis and magnesium. In calcium- and magnesium-defi cient animals, calcium restores the bone quality but magnesium only partially. Another aspect of role of magnesium is the regulation of calcium metabolism through calcium- sensing receptor, which requires magnesium for its action. Another point is how magnesium participates in vitamin D action. Vitamin D is another impor- tant factor, other than calcium-sensing receptor, that requires magnesium in its action. The correlation between calcium-sensing receptor and vitamin D receptor has been discussed. Thus, magnesium plays some roles in the regula- tion of calcium and bone metabolism. viii Preface Clinically, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia are in some other ways infl uenced by magnesium. More evidence is needed to have a defi nite conclusion how to manage clinical problems, problems of public health, and individual nutrition. Hirotoshi Morii September 2006 Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Jean Durlach Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Hirotoshi Morii List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii OVERVIEW 1 Overview of Magnesium Research: History and Current Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Jean Durlach 2 Magnesium and Calcium in Drinking Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Hirotoshi Morii, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Ginji Endo, Mieko Kimura, and Yoshitomo Takaishi MAGNESIUM HOMEOSTASIS 3 Cellular Mg2+ Transport and Homeostasis: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Martin Kolisek, Rudolf J. Schweyen, and Monika Schweigel 4 T RPM6 and TRPM7 Chanzymes Essential for Magnesium Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Wouter M. Tiel Groenestege, Joost G.J. Hoenderop, and René J.M. Bindels 5 CorA-Mrs2-Alr1 Superfamily of Mg2+ Channel Proteins . . . . . . . . 46 Rudolf J. Schweyen and Elisabeth M. Froschauer 6 Practical Interest of Circulating Total and Ionized Magnesium Concentration Evaluation in Experimental and Clinical Magnesium Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 N icole Pagès, Pierre Bac, Pierre Maurois, Andrée Guiet-Bara, Michel Bara, and Jean Durlach x Contents NUTRITION 7 Overview of Magnesium Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Mieko Kimura 8 Magnesium Requirement and Affecting Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Mamoru Nishimuta, Naoko Kodama, Eiko Morikuni, Nobue Matsuzaki, Yayoi H. Yoshioka, Hideaki Yamada, Hideaki Kitajima, and Hidemaro Takeyama 9 Experimental Data on Chronic Magnesium Defi ciency . . . . . . . . . 104 Pilar Aranda, Elena Planells, C. Sánchez, Bartolomé Quintero, and Juan Llopis 10 Clinical forms of Magnesium Depletion by Photosensitization and Treatment with Scototherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Jean Durlach 11 New Data on Pharmacological Properties and Indications of Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Pedro Serrano, Maríasol Soria, and Jesús F. Escanero EPIDEMIOLOGY 12 Magnesium Intake and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes . . . . . . . 143 Fernando Guerrero-Romero and Martha Rodríguez-Morán 13 Magnesium Intake and Hepatic Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Andrzej Tukiendorf EXERCISE 14 Exercise and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Maria José Laires and Cristina Monteiro METABOLIC SYNDROME 15 Review of Magnesium and Metabolic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Yasuro Kumeda and Masaaki Inaba 16 Diabetes Mellitus and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Masanori Emoto and Yoshiki Nishizawa 17 Magnesium Metabolism in Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Mario Barbagallo, Ligia J. Dominguez, Virna Brucato, Antonio Galioto, Antonella Pineo, Anna Ferlisi, Ernesto Tranchina, Mario Belvedere, Ernesto Putignano, and Giuseppe Costanza Contents xi CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 18 Cardiovascular Disease and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Naoyuki Hasebe and Kenjiro Kikuchi 19 M agnesium: Forgotten Mineral in Cardiovascular Biology and Atherogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Burton M. Altura and Bella T. Altura SKELETAL DISEASES AND CALCIUM METABOLISM 20 Overview of Skeletal Diseases and Calcium Metabolism in Relation to Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Hirotoshi Morii 21 Magnesium and Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Hirotoshi Morii, Takehisa Kawata, Nobuo Nagano, Takashi Shimada, Chie Motonaga, Mariko Okamori, Takao Nohmi, Takami Miki, Masatoshi Kobayashi, K. Hara, and Y. Akiyama 22 Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Karl Peter Schlingmann KIDNEY 23 Magnesium and the Kidney: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Linda K. Massey 24 Cellular Basis of Magnesium Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Pulat Tursun, Michiko Tashiro, Masaru Watanabe, and Masato Konishi 25 Magnesium in Chronic Renal Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Juan F. Navarro and Carmen Mora-Fernández 26 Magnesium in Hemodialysis Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Senji Okuno and Masaaki Inaba NEUROLOGY 27 Neurology Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Keiichi Torimitsu 28 Magnesium in the Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Renee J. Turner and Robert Vink MAGNESIUM IN DENTAL MEDICINE 29 Tooth and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Masayuki Okazaki xii Contributors MAGNESIUM IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 30 Magnesium in Psychoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Mihai Nechifor VETERINARY MEDICINE 31 Signifi cance of Magnesium in Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Tohru Matsui Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
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