NEW PENNSYLVANIA COUNTY OCCURRENCES FOR BELLIS PERENNIS, HIBISCUS MOSCHEUTOS, LAMIUM MACULATUM, AND ROBINIA HISPIDA

2012·2.1 MB·English

by  Jerry G Chmielewski

NEW
COUNTY
PENNSYLVANIA OCCURRENCES FOR
BELLIS PERENNIS,
MOSCHEUTOS, LAMIUM MACULATUM, AND
HIBISCUS ROBIN1A
HISPIDA
Chmielewski
Jerry G. David Krayesky
Rock
Slippery University Slippery Rock University
Department ofBiology
U.SA
Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania 16057, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania 16057, U.SA.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN
Beilis perennis L., the English daisy, is an invasive (Anonymous 1), low growing, perennial herb in the
Asteraceae that distributed throughout much of eastern North America and parts of western North America
is
& &
to Alaska (Britton Brown Magee Ahles 1999; USDA, NRCS 2011). The species was introduced from
1913;
Middle
its native range of Europe and part of northern Africa and the far eastern regions of the East (Bailey
&
now North America
1949; Magee Ahles Euro+Med 2006-2011) and naturalized in parts of (Britton
1999; is
&
common
Brown Femald appears be more throughout the eastern
1913; 1950). In Pennsylvania the species to
part of the state than the western part of the state though typically considered to be sparsely scattered and only
&
&
locally common wherever occurs (Wherry et al. 1979; Rhoads Klein 1993; Morton et al. 2007; Morton
it
&
Speedy 2008). Despite some recent evidence to the contrary (Morton Speedy 2007, 2011) for the Pennsylva-
common
nia probably more than the published
counties of Washington and Indiana respectively, the species is
reports would populations we have encountered occur in lawns associated with
suggest. Essentially of the
all
uncommon
high specimens, though not for escaped
sunlight, a habitat not routinely surveyed for botanical
The deemed weedy and/or invasive
cultivars (Bailey 1949). In some cases entire lawns are infiltrated. species is
*
Uva Whitson
the U.S. though any county (Anonymous et al. 1997; et al. 1996).
technically not in specific 1;
cm
though
The no more than about 15 in height, typical-
species forms a low dense tufted mat and stands
and with winged
7-10 cm. The obovate orbicular leaves are basal, arranged in rosettes, hairy, a
elliptical to to
The
Petiole. The flowering heads with yellow disk and white- to rose-colored ray flowers. latter are
are solitary
&
&
& The
numerous Brown Femald Gleason Cronquist 1963; Rhoads Block 2000). flow-
(Britton 1950;
1913;
ing
heads are nyctinastic, closing from dusk to possibly mid-morning on a daily basis. Flowers also remain
dos rendered more inconspicuous.
ed populations are
throughout both of these cases the
overcast days. In
County, Pennsylvania over the past several
Several natural populations have been observed in Butler
Rock
Tsus, on main campus of Slippery University. Like-
including one lawn next Patterson Hall the
in the to
*•*«*«.
Inst
Texas
6(2): 7
of the Botanical Research
708 al Institute of Texas
6(2)
populations have been observed along Route 8 from Harrisville to Butler, including the
wise, several grassy
median between the sidewalk and roadway in Harrisville proper, in both of the town’s cemeteries, in the lawn
of the Old Stone House Museum property, a historic 1822 wayside inn owned by the Pennsylvania Historical
and Museum Commission though administered by Slippery Rock University, and at residences bordering and
in the vicinity of the Jennings Environmental Education Center.
Gun
Voucher specimen: PENNSYLVANIA. Butler Co.: Harrisville, across the street from World, open, grassy median, 14 Jun
2011J.
Chmielewski 3218 (SLRO).
Malvaceae which native to North America [though listed as natu
is
New
(1999)1 and occurs from Florida to Mexico and Utah in the south, northeastward to Massachusetts,
&
Brown
southwestern Ontario, and Wisconsin, though not Colorado and Arkansas (Britton 1913; Fernald
NRCS Though synonyms
1950; USDA, 2011). The species is not easily confused with others. treated as today,
H. palustris L. and H. moscheutos were in the past separated on the basis of flower color, the pubescence of style
&
Brown
branches or lack thereof, and the occurrence or lack of a crimson center (Britton 1913; Bailey 1949;
& m
Fernald 1950; Magee Ahles 1999). Individuals of H. moscheutos are multi-stemmed, erect, and to 2+ in
m
height. Our specimens were typically less than 1.5 in height. The large leaves were pubescent on their under-
cm
side and generally shallowly lobed below. The large pink flowers (10+ in width) which occurred at the
Moraine State Park site lacked the distinctive crimson center that was historically considered characteristic of
and more morphot-
the species in that regard are typical of the palustris (Connecticut Botanical Society 2011)
ype. The Route 8 population had flowers that were whitish with a conspicuous crimson center.
These represent the two collections of H. moscheutos from Butler County. Previous accounts of the
first
species from western Pennsylvania included two sites from northeastern Erie County, one site from northeast-
&
NRCS
ern Allegheny County, and one from southeastern Fayette County (Rhoads Klein 1993; USDA,
site
2011). The Fayette County site is not currently included in the flora of Pennsylvania website (Pennsylvania
Flora Project 2011), nor cited by Morton and Speedy
(2008).
Inasmuch and
as this obligate wetland species occurs in shallow waters associated with ditches, marshes,
swamps
occasionally in the southeastern (Berks, Bucks, Chester, Dauphin, Delaware, Lancaster, Lehigh,
&
Northampton, and Philadelphia Counties) and western (Wherry Rhoads Block
parts of the state et 1979;
al.
hun-
2000), its true significance at the Moraine State Park site rests in the fact that the population consists of
dreds, if not thousands of individual plants and has displaced other native shallow water or shoreline species.
m
The
species dominates the shoreline to 5+ inland around the periphery of the unnamed cove from the termi-
nus of Big Run Road to the Big Run Arm of Lake Arthur. Further, where the cove abuts US 422 the population
extends up the elevated gravel berm to the edge of the roadway. The Route population numbers only a single
8
on
individual with greater than a dozen shoots. Last year=s shoots were fewer in number. The specimen occurs
one of the lower tiers of a man-made retention pond the edge of a paved parking in association with Coro-
at lot
Wheth-
L,
\aria Dipsacusjullonum L„ Nesom.
nilla Solidago altissima and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.)
L.,
unknown.
er the occurrence of the population
represents natural colonization or a consequence of seeding is
is
has
Regardless, it persisted for the last three seasons.
Locally the species used as a landscape and many and garden centers affili-
is accent sold nurseries
is at
ated with box displacement of
stores. Its proclivity to set seed, formation of large colonies and concurrent
other shoreline species, and use as a horticultural plant may The species clearly has the
result in further spread.
*
potential
tt
d of Big Run Road, shoreline and into shallov
Butki
7 m, 25 Aug Chmielewski 3209 (SLRO);
2009,
J.
19 Sep 2010 Chmielewski 3210 (SLRO).
f, J.
Lamium
maculatum that
Lamiaceae
L., the spotted henbit (dead-nettle), an herbaceous perennial in the
is
was ground
introduced from Eurasia though has escaped and waste
cultivation
to roadsides, cultivated fields,
709
South Carolina and Tennessee north to Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland in the east and Idaho, Ore-
from
NCRS
Washington, and Alaska in the west (Femald 1950; USDA, 2011). The occurrence of the species in
gon,
&
&
Pennsylvania (Rhoads Klein 1993), including Fayette county (Morton Speedy 2008), is appar-
western
(Wherry
more recent event than was occurrence in the eastern and central parts of the state et al.
its
a
ently
Crawford County has been botanized since the early 1800s Morton et (2007) did
Despite the fact that al.
1979).
on the occurrence of the species. This would suggest that introduction and establishment are recent
report
not
The species is easily recognized by the whitish stripe along the midrib of the petiolate, ovoid to deltoid
cm
and toothed
2+ long pinkish corolla single lateral
with crenate-dentate margins, as well as the large
leaves
commonly
somewhat branched and ascending 60 cm, though
The creeping stems are slender, hairy, to
lobe.
&
&
Brown Femald Rhoads Block
2000).
1913; 1950;
(Britton
less
most northwestern population in Pennsylvania sparsely covered an area several meters in diameter
This
between the edge of a woodlot and roadside and consisted of over 50 erect shoots at various stages of floral de-
Based on alone the population must have persisted for at least a decade despite the impacts of
velopment. size
W
m
Pymat
E of Forest Drive, of the
Chmielewski 3217
1,J. 1
Robinia hispida the bristly loc ti-branched, e
L.,
and
North Tennessee,
and more hilly-mountainous regions of Georgia, Carolina,
woods, thickets, slopes of the
& commonly north of
Femald The species cultivated its
Brown Bailey 1949; 1950). is
Virginia (Britton 1913;
New and
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Michigan,
home range and considered to be aggressively invasive in Jersey,
is
&
& NRCS
USDA, In the
Rhoads Block 2000; 2011).
Washington (Wherry Rhoads Klein 1993;
et 1979;
al.
Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota,
from Arizona, Idaho,
lower 48 the species only absent
states is
and
both Nova Scotia (Zinck 1998)
Wyoming NRCS The has been introduced to
and (USDA, species
2011).
and
On has escaped cultivation
numerous occasions the species
Ontario (Newmaster 1998) in Canada.
et
al.
& deemed 614 coun-
Brown Femald 1950). The species is invasive in
spreads locally by suckers (Britton 1913;
(Anonymous
and Washington
New 2)
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
within Michigan, Jersey,
ties collectively
which from other spe-
and separates
Growing about 3 m, most distinctive feature, that it
to a height of its
brown which cover the branches, peduncles, peti-
hairs
glandular
cies in the genus the conspicuous bristly,
is
cm
The 2.5-3 long rose-pink col-
rounded
3-6
and The compound leaves bear pairs of leaflets.
oles, rachises.
&
Femald Rhoads
from May-June (Bailey 1949; 1950;
3-10
ored flowers occur in showy racemes of flowers
Block 2000)
and more or less central Pennsylva-
The species was previously reported from several counties in eastern
Penn-
southwestern
and Westmoreland counties in
Washington,
nia as well as Allegheny, Armstrong, Beaver
&
Rhoads
(Wherry
portion of the state et al. 1979;
northwestern
sylvania and Erie and Warren counties in the
from Butler and Crawford c
populations
v
mentioned above.
groupings
county
and northwestern
lively adjoin the southwestern
and
between edge
of Mercer Pike, forest
le
We anonymous reviewer for helpful
<
thank Grund, Rebecca Swadek,
Steve
ai
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