New or Noteworthy Plant Collections from Myanmar (1) Hydrobryum japonicum, Balanophora subcupularis, Rhopalocnemis phalloides and Sonerila laeta

2006·3.1 MB·English

by  Nobuyuki

植物研究雑誌
J. Jpn. Bot.
81: 324-331 (2006)
New or Noteworthy Plant Collections from Myanmar (1)
め，drobηumjaponicum，Ba lanophora subcupularis，
Rhopalocnemis phalloides and Sonerila laeta
Nobuyuki TANAKA\ Siro KOBAYASHI\ Tetsuo OHI-ToMAb and Jin MURATAb
aKochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden，4 20ι6，G odaisan，K ochi，7 81-8125 JAPAN;
E-mail: [email protected]
bBotanical Gardens，G raduate School of Sciences，th e University of Tokyo，
3-7-1，H akusan，B unkyo-ku，T okyo，1 12-0001' JAPAN
(Received on May 13，2 006)
In the course of floristic research of Kachin State，n orthem Myanmar，H ydrobryum
japonicum Imamura (Podostemaceae)，B αlanophora subcupularis Tam，R hopalocnemis
phalloides Jungh. (Balanophoraceae) and Sonerila laeta Stapf (Melastomataceae) were
collected. These species are new to the flora of Myanmar. These materials may suggest
that the flora of uppermost regions of Myanmar is closely related to Sino-Japanese or
Indo-Chinese floristic region rather than Indian one.
Key words: Balanophora，H ydrobryum，M yanmar，R hopalocnemis，So nerila.
In the course of ongoing inventory work Myanmar (Burma) stretches from the
for the floristic analysis of Myanm Southeastem Himalayas to the Andaman
征
(Tanaka 2005)，t wo expeditions to Hukaung Sea，a nd encompasses great topographical
Valley Tiger Reserve，K achin State，t he and climatic extremes that have given rise to
northemmost State of the country were c a complexity of habitats and ecosystems.
訂-
ried out in September and December 2005.
During the expeditions Hydrobryum
jαponicum Imamura (Podostemaceae)，
Balanophora subcupularis Tam， Rhopa-
locnemis phalloides Jungh. (Balano-
phoraceae)， and Sonerila laeta Stapf
(Melastomataceae) were collected. All these
species. are new to Myanmar. The impor-
tance and characteristics of these collections
are noted below. The top set of the voucher
specimens was retained in Tanaing Office，
Forest Deptment，Ministry of Forestry，
但
Union of Myanmar. The duplicates are de-
posited in the herbaria of Makino Botanical
。日
110 120
Garden (MBK) and the University of Tokyo
(TI). Identification of the host of
Fig. 1. Distribution of Hydrobryum }α!ponicum
Balanophora subcupuralis was based on (emended from Kato 2006，fi g 1). New locality in
morphology and cpDNA sequence. Myanmar is indicated with open circle.
-324-ー
∞
December 2 6 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 6 325
Fig. 2. Hydrobryum japonicum. A. Rheophytic habitat in Shinbweyan. B. A large rock with H. japonicum
(yellowish colony in the central part). C. Plants enlarged.
326 植物研究雑誌第81巻第6号 平成18年12月
Accordingly，M yanmar constitutes as ignifi-
cant component of the Indo-Myanmar
Hotspot in terms of both land eaand
紅
biodiversity (van D詰ket al. 2004). On the
other hand，K ingdon-Ward (1916) pointed
out the existence of the Myanmar-China
(Yunnan) floristic region，O hba (1975) also
supposed this relationship based on his taxo-
nomic study on Sedum of Myanm
紅.
All of the four species reported here have
their main distribution range east of
Myanmar. Accordingly they suggest that the
100 110 120 130
flora of the uppermost regions of Myanmar
is closely related to Sino-Japanese or lndo-
Fig. 3. Distribution of Bαlanophora subcupuralis.
Chinese elements rather than an lndian one. Sold circles are based on the herbarium speci-
From this point of view the continuous series mens cited in Tam (1982). New locality in
of this study in this area will be important to Myanmar is indicated with open circle.
reveal the floristic relationship between
Myanmar and its neighboring regions.
cIose to B.かngosaJ. R. Forst. & G. Forst.
Hydrobryum japonicum Imamura in subsp.かngosαdistributedin the coastal
Bot. Mag. Tokyo 42: 376 (1928). easand on the islands in the Pacific region
征
[Figs. 1，2] (Murata 1988) and distinguished only in the
This species was originally described from smaller size of the inflorescence (especially
Jap an but is mainly distributed in Thailand of the male flower) than B.かngosa.This is
and adjacent eas(Kato 2006). This is the the first record from Myanmar and is the
紅
first record from Myanmar and is the westem limit of the distribution of this spe-
westem limit of the distribution of this spe- cies (Fig. 2). This species is common in this
cies (Fig. 1). area and usually grows on the ground. In ex-
Voucher specimens: MYA NMAR. Kachin State; 佐emecases，h owever，t he rhizome attached
Tawa Hka (River)，3 m iles from Shinbweyan toward to the aerial roots of Byttnel・iapilosa Roxb.
Pansaung. 26043'33"N，9 6011 '55"E，al t. 200-210 m， (Sterculiaceae) extends up to 3m high above
on rock by stream，6 D ecember 2006，J. Murata & al.
the ground and many inflorescences were
040671，0 41232 (MBK，TI ).
covered by the thick climbing stem of the
host.
Balanophora subcupularis Tam in FL
Fujianica 1: 602 (1982). [Figs. 2，4] Voucher specimen: MYA NMAR. Kachin State;
Tawa Hka( River)，3 m iles from Shinbweyan toward
This species was described recently (Tam
Pansaung， 26043'25"-33"N， 960 11 '50"-55"E， alt.
1982) in comparison to B. hainantensis
200-210 m，6 D ecember 2006，J. Murata & al. 040882
Masam. (=B.αbbreviata Blume). It appears (MBK， TI); 8-9 miles from Shinbweyan toward
to be similar to B.αbbreviata，w hich is also Pansaung， near the border of Sagaing Division，
distributed in Myanmar，bu t distinct from the 26046'47"-47' 15"N，9 60 12'26"-34"E，al t. 900-1100
m，7 D ecember 2005，J. Murata & al. 040913 (MBK，
latter in the reddish color of the aerial p t
訂
TI).
(white in B. abbreviata) and the number of
locules in the synandrium (usually four vs.
Rhopalocnemis phalloides Jungh. in
16-20 in B.αbbreviata). Actually，it is very
Nov. Act. Ac. Caes. Leop.-Cur. 18，S uppL
∞
December 2 6 Joumal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 6 327
Fig. 4. Balanophora subcupuralis. A，B. Habit on the trunk of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) up to
3m high above the ground. C. Male f10wers enlarged，s howing tetra-or trimerous petals and anther
locules.
1: 215 (1841). [Figs. 5，6] study fill the northem p tof the gap.
紅
This species is thus far known widely Voucher specimen: MYA NMAR. Kachin State; 8-
from Eastern Nepal to Southeast Asia as 9m iles from Shinbweyan toward Pansaung，n ear the
shown in Fig. 3. However，t here is aw ide border of Sagaing Division， 26046'47"-47' 15"N，
96012'26"-34" E，al t. 900-1100 m，7 D ecember 2005，
gap of distribution extending from Bomeo，
J. Murata & al. 040914 (MBK，TI ).
north-westward to Malaysia，L aos，T hailand
and Myanmar. The materials collected in this
328 植物研究雑誌第81巻第6号 平成18年12月
leaves，a nd (4) purple leaves with white
spots. These four types efound within the
紅
same population (Fig. 7).
Voucher specimens: MYANMAR. Kachin State:
northeast of Shinbweyan，al t. 170-200 m，2 6041'51"-
43' 12"N，9 6012'27"ー13'6"E，9 December 2005，J.
恥1urata& al. 040937 (MBK，T I)~ Mt. Jun Buu，2 5
miles south of Tanaing，2 6001' 13"-17"N，9 6041 '27"-
33"E，al t. 245-250 m.，f1 00r of evergreen forest by
stream，3 December 2006，J. Murata & al. 040627
(MBK，TI ).
Distribution: China (Southem Yunnan
Province)，M yanm
訂.
Thanks are due to the following personnel
in Myanm fortheir rangementof our
訂 訂
field research: UT un Nyo，di rector of Nature
and Wildlife Conservation Division; U Aung
110
Din，as sistant director of Na ture and Wildlife
Division; U Soe Win Hlaing，d irector gen
Fig. 5. Distribution of Rhopalocnemis phalloides 同
eral，Fo rest Deptment，Union of Myanmar
(emended from Hansen 1976，fi g. 6). New local- 紅
Ministry of Foresy.Thanks are also due to
ity in Myanmar is indicated with open circle. 住
Dr. Masahiro Kato of Na tional Science
Museum， Tokyo， for identification of
Hydrobryum.
Sonerila laeta Stapf in Kew Bull. 1906: This research is partly supported by a
73 (1906); Guillanum in Bull. Soc. Bot. Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of
France 60: 404 (1913); Fl. Reip. Popul. Sin. Education，C ulture，S ports and Science and
53(1): 261 (1984). [Fig. 7] Technology to Jin Murata (17255004) and a
Sonerila is the only genus that has Grant-in-Aid from Kochi Prefectural
trimerous flowers (except for the monotypic Govemment.
Stussenia C. Hansen and Lithobium
Bongard) in the Melastomataceae and con- References
sists of about 100-175 species in tropical Cellinese N. 1997. A New Sonerila (Melastomataceae)
Asia (Cellinese 1997). Sonerila laeta was from Central Kalimantan，B orneo. Novon 7: 103-
described from cultivated materials germi- 105.
Hansen B. 1976. Balanophoraceae. Flora Malesiana 7:
nated from the seeds collected by E. H.
783-805.
Wilson in 1900 from China and details of its
Kato M. 2006. Taxonomic studies of Podostemaceae
original locality in China is unknown (Stapf
of Thailand. 2. Subfamily Tristichoideae and sub-
1906). Thus far this species has been known family Podostemoideae with ribbon-like roots.
only from Southem Yunnan Province， Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 57: 1-54.
China. This is the first record of this species Kingdon-Ward F. 1916. On the Sino-Himalayan f1ora.
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 27: 13-53.
from Myanmar.
Murata J. 1988. Mo叩hologyand distribution of
Leaves of this species show remarkable
Balanophoraβmgosa J. R. et G. Forst. (Balano-
color variation. Four types of leaves were phoraceae). J. Jpn. Bot. 63: 201-210.
observed in the field; (1) green leaves (2) Ohba H. 1975. On the genus Sedum in Burma. J. Jpn.
green leaves with white spots，( 3) purple Bot. 50: 353-361.
December 2006 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No.6 329
Fig. 6. Rhopalocnemis phalloides (female individuals).A ，B. Habit. C. Transverses ection of the surface of
inf1orescence，s howing minute female f10wers covered with caducous scales.
Stapf O. 1906. Decades Kewenses XL -XLI. Kew van Dijk P. P.，To rdoff A. W.，F el10wes J.，L au M. and
Bul1. 1906:7 1-78. Jinshuang M. 2004. Indo-Burma In: Mittermeier R.
Tam P. C. 1982. Balanophorαsubcupuralis. Flora A.，G il P. R.， Hoffmann M.，P ilgrim J.，B rooks T.，
Fujianica 1: 602 [in Addenda (Diagnoses Mittermeier C. G.，L amoreaux J. and Fonseca G.
Plantarum Novarum)] A. B. da (edsよ Hotspots Revisited: Earth's
Tanaka N. 2005. Plant Inventory Research: Biologically Richest and Most Endangered
Contributions to the Flora of Myanmar. Acta Terrestrial Ecoregions. CEMEX. pp. 323-330.Ag r-
Phytotax.G eobot. 56: 21-26. upacion，S ierra Madre.
330 植物研究雑誌第81巻第6号 平成18年12月
Fig. 7. Sonerila laeta showing characteristic colour variation in leaves; green with white spots (A)，d ark
purple leaves without spots (B，le 白)，and green without spots (B，r ight).
December 2006 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 81 No. 6 331
田中伸幸 ，小林史郎 ，大井・東馬哲雄 ，邑田
a a b
仁 .ミャンマー植物についての新知見 (1)
b
勾Idrobηumjaponicum，Ba lanophora subcupularis， はB.jungosa ssp. fungosaリュウキュウツチトリ
Rhopalocnemis phalloidesとSonerilalaeta モチに最も似ており，植物体の大きさ，特に雄花
日華区系の西端としての南ヒマラヤの植物多様 の大きさの違いで識別されるにすぎない.リュウ
性を解析する一連の研究で2005年の雨季終盤から キュウツチトリモチが太平洋地域の沿岸や島に分
乾季初旬にかけてミャンマー北部のフーコン河谷 布するのに対し，本種は内陸に分布する点で対照
野生トラ保護区の植物相調査を行った結果，カワ 的である.現地では通常地表付近の根に寄生する
ゴケソウ科のHydrobryumjaponicum，ツチトリモ が，ーヶ所，つる性木本である Byttneriapilosa
チ科の Balanophorasubcupularisおよび Rhopa- (アオギリ科)の空中に出た根に寄生している場
locnemis phalloides， ノボタン手トの Sonerilalaeta 所があり，地上3メートルの高さまで幹が本種に
が生育することが分かつた.それらについての知 被われていて壮観であった.ミャンマーの産地は
見を以下にまとめる.これら 4種はいずれもミャ 本種の分布西限である.
ンマ一新産であるが ミャンマーより東の地域に Rhopalocnemis phalloidesは従来， Fig. 3に示す
主な分布域を持っており ミャンマーと日華区系， ように東ネパールから東南アジアにかけて広く分
インドシナ区系との関係を解析する上で重要な資 布することが知られていたがボルネオ島，マレー
料と考えられる.こうした植物相の関連について シア，ラオス，タイ， ミャンマーと続く分布の空
は今後の継続的な調査で情報が蓄積されるにつれ 白地帯があった. ミャンマーの産地はこの空白地
て次第に明らかになっていくものと思われる. 帯の北部を埋めるものとして注目される.
Hydrobryum japonicumカワゴロモは日本産の新 Sonerila laetaは中国から 1906年に記載された
種として発表されたが，最近の研究でタイとその もので，現在までに中国植物誌で雲南省南部にの
周辺地域に主に分布することが明らかになってい み分布が指摘されていた.この調査により本種は
る.ミャンマーの産地は本種の分布西限である. ミャンマー北部に分布することが明らかとなった.
Balanophora subcupularis は 1982年に B. (a高知県立牧野植物園，
αbbreviataと比較して新種記載されたが，実際に 東京大学大学院理学系研究科附属植物園)
b