Table Of Content

New Histories of Village Life at Crystal River Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series New Histories of Village Life at Crystal River Thomas J. Pluckhahn and Victor D. Thompson University of Florida Press Gainesville Copyright 2018 by Thomas J. Pluckhahn and Victor D. Thompson All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper This book may be available in an electronic edition. 23 22 21 20 19 18 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pluckhahn, Thomas J. (Thomas John), 1966– author. | Thompson, Victor D., author. Title: New histories of village life at Crystal River / Thomas J. Pluckhahn and Victor D. Thompson. Other titles: Ripley P. Bullen series. Description: Gainesville : University of Florida Press, 2018. | Series: Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017031785 | ISBN 9781683400356 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Crystal River (Fla.)—History. | Crystal River (Fla.)—Antiquities. | Cities and towns—Growth—Case studies. | Excavations (Archaeology)—Florida—Crystal River. | Citrus County (Fla.)—History. Classification: LCC F319.C79 P58 2017 | DDC 975.9/72—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017031785 University of Florida Press 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://upress.ufl.edu To Becky and Ella, with love and thanks—T.J.P. To Amanda, Fish, and Fin, with love and thanks—V.D.T. Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv 1. Crystal River and the Archaeology of Early Village Societies in the American Southeast (and Beyond) 1 2. Context 25 3. A Center Emerges 71 4. From Vacant Center to Early Village (Phase 1) 101 5. From Early Village to Regional Center (Phase 2) 117 6. From Regional Center to Mound-Residential Compound (Phase 3) 155 7. New Centers Emerge (Phase 4) 168 8. The Early Village at Crystal River in Broader Perspective 194 Afterword: Why Early Villages Still Matter 209 References Cited 215 Index 263 Figures 1.1. Location of the Crystal River site, the Roberts Island Shell Mound Complex, and other sites mentioned in the text 7 1.2. View north of Mound A at Crystal River from the river 10 1.3. View northeast across Mound G to Mound H at Crystal River 10 1.4. View north of the reconstructed Main Burial Complex at Crystal River 11 1.5. Copper ornament recovered by Moore from the Main Burial Complex at Crystal River, possibly representing a bear and completed in a style typical of Hopewell 12 1.6. View west of Mound K and a portion of the midden at Crystal River 14 2.1. Location of Crystal River and Roberts Island 26 2.2. Location of Crystal River and Roberts Island with respect to major geomorphic divisions 27 2.3. Location of Crystal River and Roberts Island with respect to major hydrologic communities 29 2.4. Map of Crystal River 31 2.5. Map of Roberts Island 32 2.6. View of Mound A on site 8CI41 at Roberts Island 33 2.7. View of Mound B on site 8CI40 at Roberts Island 33 2.8. View of site 8CI36 and Mound C at Roberts Island 34 2.9. Comparison of 1952 and 1969 aerial photographs of Crystal River showing development of the area 36 2.10. 1964 photograph showing extensive damage to the east side of Mound A at Crystal River 37