New genus and species of subfamily Trinodinae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Dermestidae) from Lowermost Eocene French amber

2010·0.74 MB·

by  A. G. Kirejtshuk

ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 19(1): 54–69 15 JULY 2010
New genus and species of subfamily Trinodinae (Coleoptera,
Polyphaga, Dermestidae) from Lowermost Eocene French amber
Новый род и вид подсемейства Trinodinae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga,
Dermestidae) из нижнеэоценового французского янтаря
A.G. KIREJTSHUK, J. HÁVA & A. NEL
А.Г. КИРЕЙЧУК, Ю. ХАВА, А. НЕЛЬ
A.G. Kirejtshuk, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg,
199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
J. Háva, Private Entomological Laboratory and Collection, 37 Rýznerova St., CZ-252 62 Únětice u Prahy, Prague-
west, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]
A. Nel, CNRS UMR 5202, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 5202, Entomologie, 45 Rue Buffon,
F- 75005 Paris, France. E-mail: [email protected]
In the paper six new species of the genus Oisenodes gen. nov. (Dermestidae, Trinodinae, Trino-
dini) are described: O. azari sp. nov., O. clavatus sp. nov., O. gallicus sp. nov., O. metepister-
nalis sp. nov., O. oisensis sp. nov. and O. transversus sp. nov. A new tribe Trinoparvini Hava,
trib. nov. is established for the recent genus Trinoparvus Háva, 2004. Short review of known
fossil records of the subfamily Trinodinae is given.
В статье описываются шесть новых видов рода Oisenodes gen. nov. (Dermestidae, Trino-
dinae, Trinodini): O. azari sp. nov., O. clavatus sp. nov., O. gallicus sp. nov., O. metepister-
nalis sp. nov., O. oisensis sp. nov. и O. transversus sp. nov. Устанавливается новая триба
Trinoparvini Hava, trib. nov. для рецентного рода Trinoparvus Háva, 2004. Дается краткий
обзор ископаемых находок жуков подсемейства Trinodinae.
Key words: Lowermost Eocene French amber, taxonomy, Coleoptera, Dermestidae, Trinodi-
nae, new tribe, new genus, new species
Ключевые слова: нижнеэоценовый французский янтарь, систематика, жесткокрылые,
кожееды, Coleoptera, Dermestidae, Trinodinae, новая триба, новый род, новые виды
INTRODUCTION atics of fossil record and historical develop-
ment by Kirejtshuk et al. (2009). More de-
The paper is the eighth contribution to
tailed information on representation of this
the knowledge on fauna of Coleoptera from
coleopterous family in the fossil record can
Lowermost Eocene French amber collected
be got in the catalogue by Ponomarenko &
in Oise falls (Batelka et al., 2006; Bílý &
Kirejtshuk (2010). This subfamily is known
Kirejtshuk, 2007; Kirejtshuk & Nel, 2008,
in fossils from Baltic amber (genus Trinodes
2009; Moseyko et al., 2010, in press; Kirejt-
Dejean, 1821: Larsson, 1978; Spahr, 1981;
shuk et al., 2010a, 2010b), which is devoted
to the families remained unknown from this Háva, 2003; Háva & Prokop, 2004, 2006;
resource and poorly known in fossils at all. Háva et al., 2006, 2008) and Lebanese amber
The family Dermestidae was provided with (Kirejtshuk et al., 2009). Among inclusions
a short necessary review of data on system- of the Lowermost Eocene French amber
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes
A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER 55
about a hundred specimens of Dermestidae Tribe Trinodini Casey, 1900
and, among them, more than 30 specimens
Type genus: Trinodes Dejean, 1821.
of the subfamily Trinodinae were recently
found and all of them belong to the genera
or one genus, apparently rather related to Oisenodes gen. nov.
those represented in the Recent fauna.
Type species: Oisenodes gallicus sp. nov.
Etymology. The name of this new genus
MATERIAL AND METHODS
is formed from the name of locality with
Many specimens recovered among inclu- amber deposits and generic root ‘nodes’ of
sions from the Lowermost Eocene French the type genus of the subfamily. Gender:
amber are deposited in the Laboratoire de masculine.
Paléontologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Description. Adult males. Body elon-
Naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Ordinary optic gated oval, strongly convex dorsally and
equipment was used for the examination, moderately convex ventrally; dorsum dif-
in particular, a stereomicroscope Olympus fusely punctured, with long and stout hairs,
SCX9 and an inverted microscope Olympus frequently of two types: longer and thicker
CK 40 in MNHN, and also the stereomicro- suberect ones and others shorter, thinner
scope Leica MZ 16.0 in the Zoological Insti- and subrecumbent; thoracic and abdominal
tute, St. Petersburg. All holotypes and most underside with comparatively sparse and
paratypes of the new species deposited in moderately long recumbent hairs; length
MNHN, part of paratypes of Oisenodes gal- 1.3–1.7 mm. Head oval and strongly de-
licus sp. nov. and O. metepisternalis sp. nov. clined, with very large and coarsely faceted
are deposited in the Zoological institute of eyes, labrum exposed, antennae eleven-
the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Pe- segmented with three-segmented anten-
tersburg) and one paratype of O. gallicus nal club; median ocellus on head present.
sp. nov. in the Entomologické oddělení Pronotum with convex anterior and pos-
(Národní museum, Prague, coll. J. Háva). terior bi-sinuate edges, paralateral carinae
Type strata. Lowermost Eocene, in am- distinct. Elytra with separately rounded
ber, circa 53 Myr, Sparnacian, level MP7 of apices and usually leaving apex of pygidi-
the mammal fauna of Dormaal. um not covered. Prosternal process rather
Type locality. Farm Le Quesnoy, Chev- wide and widely rounded at apex. Posterior
rière, region of Creil, Oise department edge of metaventrite between coxae almost
(north of France). straight. Metacoxae moderately separated.
Tarsomeres 1–4 very narrowly lobed to
RESULTS simple. The posterior wing are shown in
Fig. 19 and 20.
Order COLEOPTERA
Adult females. External characters are
Family DERMESTIDAE corresponding with those in males.
Diagnosis. The new genus is similar to
Subfamily Trinodinae Casey, 1900
the genera Trinodes Dejean, 1821, Apsectus
This subfamily can be diagnosed by the LeConte, 1854 and Evorinea Beal, 1961,
(sub) erect, long and stout hairs on dorsum, but differs from them in the comparatively
11-segmented antennae with 1–6-segment- widely separated pro- and mesocoxae, and
ed club, pronotum with paralateral striae, also truncate posterior edge of the metaven-
prohypomera without depressions for re- trite between metacoxae. Besides, the char-
ception of antennal club, prosternum some- acters given in the key below can be used for
what projecting anteriorly. the diagnostics of the new genus.
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
56 A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER
Key to genera of the subfamily Trinodinae 9(8)b. Prosternal process incomplete, truncate
or emarginate apically and abutting ante-
1a. Antennae ten-segmented; body form very rior mesoventral process; posterior edge of
small, subcircular; median lobe of male geni- metaventrite between coxae with small me-
talia not separated from parameres (tribe dian emargination (recent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trinoparvini Háva, trib. nov.) (recent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apsectus LeConte, 1854
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trinoparvus Háva, 2004
1b. Antennae nine- or eleven-segmented; median Notes. Tribe Trinoparvini Háva trib. nov.
lobe of male genitalia separated from para- (type genus: Trinoparvus Háva, 2004 recent),
meres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 except the diagnostic features mentioned in
2(1)a. Antennae filiform (tribe Thylodriadini the above diagnosis, is characterised by the
Mroczkowski, 1954) (recent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
very small body (1.1–1.2 mm) and three-
2(1)b. Antennae with club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
segmented antennal club. The name of the
3(2)a. Antennae nine-segmented (recent) . . . . . .
tribe has been already mentioned at various
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Thylodrias Motschulsky, 1839
web-sites.
3(2)b. Antennae eleven-segmented (recent) . . . .
. . . .Trichodryas Lawrence & Slipinski, 2005
4(2)a. Body elongate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Key to the Oisenodes species
4(2)b. Body oval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5(4)a. Body form very elongate and strongly 1a. Ultimate antennomere at most slightly longer
convex; antennal club three-segmented than two previous ones combined; integu-
(tribe Cretonodini Kirejtshuk & Azar in ment more smoothed and more finely punc-
Kirejtshuk et al., 2009) (Lebanese amber) . . . tured, and comparatively less pubescent . . . 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cretonodes 1b. Ultimate antennomere 1.5–2.0 times as long
Kirejtshuk & Azar in Kirejtshuk et al., 2009 as two previous ones combined; integument
5(4)b. Body slightly elongate; antennal club more coarsely sculptured and punctured, and
four-six-segmented (tribe Trichelodini Pea- also comparatively more pubescent . . . . . . . 4
cock, 1978) (recent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2(1)a. Metepisterna strongly widened posteri-
6(5)a. Procoxae strongly projecting, without orly; prosternal process with more convex
plates; anterior mesoventral process very posterior edge (Figs 6, 21–23) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
short and acute (recent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. clavatus sp. nov.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hexanodes Blair, 1941 2(1)b. Metepisterna subparalell-sided or slightly
6(5)b. Procoxae not strongly projecting, with widened posteriorly; prosternal process with
well developed plates; anterior mesoventral only slightly convex posterior edge . . . . . . . 3
process long and narrowly rounded (recent) 3(2)a. Head slightly narrower than pronotum;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trichelodes Carter, 1935 antennae not longer than head width; dis-
7(4)a. Antennal club one- or two-segmented in tance between procoxae more than width of
male, two-segmented in female; posterior femora; pronotal base about twice as long as
margin of metaventrite without small me- its apex (Figs 14, 24) . . . O. oisensis sp. nov.
dian emargination (recent and Baltic amber) 3(2)b. Head moderately narrower than prono-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evorinea Beal, 1961 tum; antennae somewhat longer than head
7(4)b. Antennal club three-segmented . . . . . . . .8 width; distance between procoxae less than
8(7)a. First abdominal ventrite usually with width of femora; pronotal base markedly less
two short oblique lines; posterior edge of than twice as long as its apex (Figs 7, 9, 13,
metaventrite between coxae with small me- 15, 29–30 . . . . . . . . . O. transversus sp. nov.
dian emargination (recent and Baltic amber) 4(1)a. Posterior edge of pronotum about four
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trinodes Dejean, 1821 times as long as lateral ones; prosternal pro-
8(7)b. First abdominal ventrite usually without cess with shallowly emarginated posterior
two short oblique lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 edge; metepisterna subparallel-sided (Figs
9(8)a. Prosternal process complete, compara- 3–5, 19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. azari sp. nov.
tively wide and fitting into cavity at ante- 4(1)b. Posterior edge of pronotum about three
rior edge of mesoventrite; posterior edge of times as long as lateral ones; prosternal pro-
metaventrite between coxae subtruncate and cess with more or less convex posterior edge;
without small median emargination (Lower- metepisterna more or less widened at poste-
most French amber) . . .Oisenodes gen. nov. rior edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER 57
5(4)a. Metepisterna about four times as long as different size.
wide; ultimate antennomere more than 1.5 Paratype ‘PA 135’, probable male with
times as long as two previous ones combined; widely rounded hypopygidium; the com-
pronotum somewhat less than 2.5 times as
plete specimen is included in a small irregu-
wide as long (Figs 1–2, 17–18) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lar amber parallelepiped with some small gas
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. gallicus sp. nov.
vesicles and “milky cover” along pubescent
5(4)b. Metepisterna about three times as long as
integument; the inclusion is put in a circu-
wide; ultimate antennomere not more than
1.5 times as long as two previous ones com- lar reservoir with Canada Balsam fixed on a
bined; pronotum about 2.5 times as wide as microscope glass.
long (Figs 8, 10–12, 16, 25–28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paratype ‘PA 15552’; the complete speci-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. metepisternalis sp. nov. men is included in a small subcylindrical
amber bar with some small gas vesicles and
Notes on bionomy. Recent species of
“milky cover” along pubescent integument,
Trinodes seem to have the bionomy more or
and also with some very small pieces of or-
less similar to that in extant species of the
ganic matter and irregular crack along body
new genus under consideration. Their adults
plane; the amber bar with beetle is glued on
and larvae live amongst webs of tube- and
a microscope glass by epoxy and on this glass
sheet-web building spiders beneath loose
another bar with Diptera inclusion is glued
dry bark on old trees, mainly of oak Quer-
at another side of this microscope glass.
cus, where they feed on the dead remains of
Paratypes ‘PA 12256’, male and female;
insects and spider exuviae. Adults of recent
the complete two specimens are included in
species have been also found on blossom
a irregular bar forming a trapezium in cross
and foliage.
section; specimens visible clearly but with
optic aberration; the bar has clear consis-
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
tence, 9 mm of length, width of widest plane
Oisenodes gallicus sp. nov. 7 mm and 2 mm of narrowest plane; with
(Figs 1–2, 17–18) very small complete Nematocera and some
pieces of organic matter and cracks.
Material examined. Holotype ‘PA 2307’ Paratype ‘PA 12222’, female with mod-
(MNHN), probable male with slightly erately rounded hypopygidium and partly
exposed anal sclerite; the complete speci- exposed ovipositor; the complete specimen
men is included in a small irregular amber is included in a somewhat irregular bar
parallelepiped with some small gas vesicles forming a trapezium in cross section; speci-
and “milky cover” along pubescent integu- men visible dorsoventrally; the bar has clear
ment; the inclusion is put in a circular res- consistence, 7 mm of length, width of widest
ervoir with Canada Balsam fixed on a mi- plane 6 mm and 2 mm of narrowest plane;
croscope glass. with some pieces of organic matter.
Paratype ‘PA 160’, probable female with Paratypes ‘PA 438’, male and female; the
moderately rounded hypopygidium; the complete two specimens are included in a
complete specimen is included near the sur- irregular bar forming a semicircle in cross
face of one facet of the subcylindrical bar section; specimen visible at one cross side
with visible underside faced to the surface (underside) and approached to facets along
and surrounded by many gas vesicles, par- length (dorsum); the bar has clear consis-
ticularly at head and prosternum; dorsum tence, 8–10 mm of length, width of plane
invisible, because many of not transparent 6 mm; with a mummy of Nematocera and
gas vesicles are located behind the beetle; some pieces of organic matter.
the bar has 17 mm of length and 4–7 mm Etymology. The name of the new spe-
of cross-section in different places and in- cies is derived from the ancient name of the
cludes also many crashes and gas vesicles of country of origin of the inclusion.
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
58 A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER
Figs 1–2. Oisenodes galli-
cus sp. nov., holotype ‘PA
2307’. Body, ventral view
(1) and dorsal (2) view.
Length 1.3 mm
Diagnosis. This new species is very simi- – O. transvesus sp. nov. in the widely
lar to O. metepisternalis sp. nov. and clearly separated procoxae, somewhat shorter an-
differs from the latter only in the somewhat tennae with much longer ultimate antenno-
longer pronotum and shape of metepisterna. mere, somewhat smoothed microsculpure
Its antennal club has the ultimate anten- of integument with distinct puncturation,
nomere somewhat longer than that in O. more raised pubescence and markedly nar-
metepisternalis sp. nov. Oisenodes gallicus rower metepisterna.
sp. nov., in contrast to O. metepisternalis Description. Length 1.3, width 0.7, height
sp. nov., has the lateral sides of pronotum apparently about 0.4 mm. Elongate oval,
more arcuate and also has somewhat less strongly convex dorsally and moderately
raised and less conspicuous pubescence of convex ventrally; subunicolourous dark
integument. Oisenodes gallicus sp. nov. dif- brown to blackish; appendages brownish;
fers also from: dorsum with long and stout yellow, brown,
– O. azari sp. nov. in the shape and pro- yellow greyish or greyish hairs (colouration
portion of pronotum, comparatively smaller depending on lighting) of two types: longer
head with smaller eyes, somewhat longer ones nearly 1.5 times as long as ultimate
hairs (setae) on the dorsum and denser antennomere and more than twice as long
and more conspicuous hairs on underside, as femora wide, thicker and erect; others
coarser puncturation and microsculpture of somewhat shorter than ultimate antenno-
integument; mere, thinner and subrecumbent; thoracic
– O. clavatus sp. nov. in the shape and underside with comparatively sparse and
proportions of antennomeres in its club, rather long recumbent hairs, but somewhat
somewhat longer hairs (setae) on the dor- shorter than the shorter ones on dorsum;
sum and denser and more conspicuous hairs abdominal ventrites with slightly conspicu-
on underside, coarser puncturation and mi- ous recumbent hairs about half as long as
crosculpture; those on thoracic underside.
– O. oisensis sp. nov. in the somewhat Head and pronotum with distinct dense
smaller head, shape of pronotum, markedly punctures, apparently slightly larger than
more robust and much less convex body, eye facets in diameter, interspaces between
and also in the longer ultimate antennom- them somewhat narrower than a puncture
ere, less raised and less conspicuous pubes- diameter and smoothed. Elytra with larg-
cence of underside; er and sparser punctures and completely
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER 59
smooth interspaces with distance between rounded at apex. Mesocoxae apparently
punctures as great as a puncture diameter. transversely oval, slightly projecting and
Metaventrite and abdominal ventrites with very widely separated. Ratio between pro,
extremely sparse and extremely small dis- meso- and metacoxae about as following:
tinct punctures, interspaces between them 1.0:2.3:0.8. Metaventrite rather medially
more or less smoothed, but punctures be- convex, posterior edge between coxae shal-
coming larger distally. lowly arcuately excised. Distance between
Head oval and strongly declined (hypog- metacoxae markedly greater than antennal
nathous), slightly exposed dorsally, much club wide. Metepisterna moderately wide
narrower than pronotum, with very large, and subparallel-sided at most length, but
vertical and coarsely faceted eyes, somewhat widened at posterior end. Metacoxae more
convex and frons strongly turned ventrally. or less strictly transverse (apparently not
Labrum well exposed, short and transverse. oblique), with moderately raised and exter-
Antennae slightly shorter than head wide, nally rather approaching to sides. First ab-
apparently eleven-segmented with three- dominal ventrite about as long as 2nd–4th
segmented club composing almost one-third ventrites combined and each of the latter
of total antennal length, scape apparently comparable in length; hypopygidium some-
rather small and elongate, ultimate antenno- what longer than previous ventrite. Epi-
mere about one and two-third as long as two pleura rather narrow and elevated laterally.
preceding antennomeres combined; anten- Legs well developed, moderately narrow
nomeres covered with sparse, rather short and long, diffusely covered with compara-
and very stout hairs. Pronotum somewhat tively short and stout setae. Tibiae rather
narrower than combined elytral base, more compressed and scarcely widened apically,
than twice as wide as long, strongly vaulted about four sevenths as long as antenna and
at disk and rather steeply sloping at sides; its about a half as wide as antennal club. Femora
anterior edge gently convex and posterior of usual shape and moderately compressed,
one distinctly bordered and bi-sinuate, sides 2.0–2.5 times as wide as tibiae. Tarsi moder-
looking nearly like continuation of anterior ately long, about as long as tibiae (althought
edge, about one-third as great as posterior anterior ones somewhat shorter than the rest
edge, paralateral carinae distinct. Scutellum ones), tarsomeres 1–4 very narrowly lobed
transverse and subpentagonal, somewhat to simple, comparable in length, ultimate
wider than long. Elytra about one and one- tarsomere somewhat longer; claws simple,
third as long as wide combined, longest at narrow and not long, about one third as long
suture and arcuate in posterior along sides, as ultimate tarsomere.
rather convex along the middle and steeply Variations. Length 1.3–1.7, width 0.7–
sloping and somewhat declined on ventral 0.9 mm. The paratype ‘PA 135’ is darker
sides (from below visible lateral sides more than the holotype (body nearly uni-
widely separated than distance between lat- colourous blackish), although because of
eral edges), with weak shoulders, adsutural ‘milky cower’ the underside of it can not
lines not visible. Pygidium with widely sub- be seen clearly. Most specimens examined
truncate apex. have both dorsal and ventral integument
Most part of head underside, proster- masked by pubescence with ‘milky’ cover,
num and mesoventrite not visible because although the the paratype ‘PA 160’ demon-
of declination of head and pubescence strates comparatively clear metaventrite
with “milky cover”. Mouthparts not vis- and abdominal ventrites. Finally the para-
ible. Procoxae apparently moderately large; types ‘PA 438’ look more slender and have
distinctly transverse, slightly projecting more narrowing elytral apices, although
downwards and comparatively widely sepa- this impression could be a sequence of op-
rated; prosternal process wide and widely tic aberration.
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
60 A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER
Oisenodes azari sp. nov.
(Figs 3–5, 19)
Material examined. Holotype ‘PA 2501’
(MNHN), probable female with moderately
rounded hypopygidium; the nearly complete
specimen with open left elytron and exposed
unfolded posterior wings, but with missing
antennae is included in a small irregular
clear amber parallelepiped. The inclusion is
put in a circular reservoir with Canada Bal-
sam fixed on a microscope glass.
Paratype ‘PA 1581’, probable female
with moderately rounded hypopygidium;
the complete specimen is included in an
irregular bar forming a semicircle in cross
section with a flat plane along whole length;
specimen well visible laterally; the bar has
clear consistence, 8–10 mm of length, width
of longitudinal plane 6 mm.
Etymology. The new species is named for
Dany Azar who prepared many specimens
in amber for this study.
Diagnosis. The new species under con-
sideration is very distinct among the conge-
ners due to its emaginate posterior edge of
Figs 3–5. Oisenodes azari sp. nov., holotype ‘PA
prosternal process. This new species differs
2501’. Body, length 1.3 mm, dorsal (3) and ven-
from O. gallicus sp. nov. and O. metepister-
tral (4), view and antennal club, lateral view (5).
nalis sp. nov. mostly in the shape and pro-
Scale bar: 0.1 mm (5).
portions of pronotum, comparatively larger
head with larger eyes, somewhat shorter
hairs (setae) on the dorsum and sparse and species of the genus, the most characters
less conspicuous hairs on underside, much shared by both are omitted in the descrip-
finer puncturation and more smoothed in- tion below.
tegument. It differs from O. oisensis sp. nov. Description. Length 1.3, width appar-
in the much longer ultimate antennomere, ently 0.7 mm. Elongate oval, strongly con-
narrower metepisterna, very smoothed in- vex dorsally and ventrally; subunicolourous
tegument with distinct puncturation and reddish; dorsum with long and stout yel-
less raised pubescence. Besides, O. azari lowish to reddish hairs of two types: lon-
sp. nov. differs from O. transversus sp. nov. ger ones nearly 1.5 times as long as femora
in the much longer ultimate antennom- wide, thicker and erect; shorter ones some-
ere, narrower metepisterna, smoothed in- what thinner and about as long as femora
tegument with distinct punctures and less wide; thoracic underside with very sparse,
raised pubescence, and also from O. clavatus thin, moderately long and very slightly con-
sp. nov. in the shape and proportions of an- spicuous recumbent hairs, but much shorter
tennomeres in its club, comparatively larger than the shorter ones on dorsum; abdominal
head with somewhat larger eyes. ventrites with slightly conspicuous recum-
Notes. Taking into consideration a great bent hairs less than half as long as those on
similarity of the new species with the type thoracic underside. Dorsum with distinct
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER 61
and very sparse punctures, about as large as matter, some small cracks and some small
eye facets in diameter, interspaces between gas vesicles.
them four–five times as great as a puncture Paratype ‘PA 1842, 1/3’, probable male
diameter and smoothed. Metaventrite and with widely rounded hypopygidium; the
ventrites with very small and sparse punc- complete specimen is included in a irregular
tures, much smaller than facets in diameter, bar with two subparallel flat planes along
interspaces between them rather great and whole length; specimen visible mostly lat-
smooth. erally and ventrally and approached to the
Pronotum somewhat narrower than bar facets at one of ends; the bar has clear
combined elytral base, much more than consistence, 10–13 mm of length, width of
twice as wide as long, its anterior edge widest plane 10 mm; at the specimen there
subrectilinear and posterior one markedly is a crack along body plane and a crack in
less than twice as wide as anterior one dis- sagittal plane at posterior edge.
tinctly bordered and bi-sinuate, sides nearly Paratype ‘PA 164, 2/3’; the complete spec-
straight and rather short (about one quarter imen is included in a irregular bar with two
of posterior edge), paralateral carinae dis- subparallel flat planes along whole length;
tinct. Elytra about one and one third as long specimen with partly exposed posterior wing
as wide combined. Pygidium with widely visible laterally and disposed between the flat
subtruncate apex. Prosternal process wide planes; the bar has different layers and some
and widely emarginate at apex. Ratio be- cracks, 8–9 mm of length, width of widest
tween pro-, meso- and metacoxae about as plane 9 mm; at ventral side of posterior part
following: 1.0:2.0:0.8. Metepisterna moder- of body there is a gas vesicle.
ately wide and subparallel-sided, about four Etymology. The name of the new species
times as long as wide. First abdominal ven- refers to the structure of its peculiar anten-
trite about as long as 2nd and 3rd ventrites nal club.
combined; hypopygidium about 1.5 times as Diagnosis. This new species differs from
long as previous ventrite. Femora of usual all congeners in the shape of metepisterna,
shape and moderately compressed, 2.0–2.5 and also from:
times as wide as tibiae. – O. gallicus sp. nov. and O. metepister-
Variation. Paratype with body length nalis sp. nov. in the shape and proportions of
1.3 and height 0.6 mm; brownish, with antennomeres in its club, somewhat shorter
somewhat coarser puncturation and more hairs (setae) on the dorsum, sparse and less
conspicuous pubescence on underside. An- conspicuous hairs on underside, much finer
tennae apparently shorter than head wide, puncturation and smoothed sculpture, and
eleven-segmented with three-segmented from the latter also in the shape and width
club composing almost one third of total an- of the metepisterna;
tennal length, ultimate antennomere about – O. azari sp. nov. in the shape and pro-
one and one third as long as two preceding portion of antennomeres in its club, com-
antennomeres combined. paratively smaller head with somewhat
smaller eyes, convex posterior edge of pros-
ternal process;
Oisenodes clavatus sp. nov.
– O. oisensis sp. nov. in the metepisterna
(Figs 6, 21–23)
strongly widened posteriorly, more convex
Material examined. Holotype ‘PA 8813’ apex of prosternal process, smoothed integ-
(MNHN), probable female with moder- ument with coarser puncturation and more
ately rounded hypopygidium; the complete raised pubescence;
specimen visible laterally and ventrally – O. transversus sp. nov. in the shape of
is included in a flattened irregular amber antennomeres 9 and 10, more convex apex
piece with many pieces of dark organic of prosternal process, shape of metepisterna,
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
62 A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER
Figs 6–10. Oisenodes gen. nov.
6, O. clavatus sp. nov., holotype
‘PA 8813’, length 1.2 mm; 7, O.
transversus sp. nov., holotype
‘PA 6520’, length 1.5 mm; 8, O.
metepisternalis sp. nov., para-
type ‘PA 382’; 9, O. transversus
sp. nov., holotype ‘PA 6520’;
10, O. metepisternalis sp. nov.,
paratype ‘PA 12377’. Body,
ventral view (6, 7), metacoxa
and metepisternum, ventral
view (8), antennal club, lat-
eral (9) and ventral view (10).
Scale bar: 0.1 mm (8–10).
smoothed integument with coarser punc- slightly conspicuous recumbent hairs less
turation and more raised pubescence. than half as long as those on thoracic under-
Notes. Taking into consideration a great side. Dorsum with distinct dense punctures,
similarity of this new species to the type about half as large as eye facets in diame-
species of the genus, the most characters ter, interspaces between them 3–5 times
shared by both are omitted in the below de- as great as a puncture diameter and rather
scription. smoothed. Metaventrite and ventrites with
Description. Length 1.2, width 0.8, height clear very small punctures, interspaces be-
about 0.5 mm. Elongate oval, strongly con- tween them very wide and smooth.
vex dorsally and ventrally; subunicolourous Antennae slightly shorter than head
dark brown to blackish; appendages brown- wide, eleven-segmented with three-seg-
ish; dorsum with long and stout brownish mented club composing almost three eights
greyish or greyish hairs (depending on light- of total antennal length, scape apparently
ing) of two types: longer ones more than 3 rather small and elongate oval, ultimate an-
times as long as ultimate antennomere and tennomere slightly shorter than two preced-
about twice as long as femora wide, thicker ing antennomeres combined; antennomeres
and erect; shorter ones somewhat thinner; covered with sparse, rather short and very
thoracic underside with very sparse, long stout hairs. Pronotum somewhat narrow-
and very slightly conspicuous recumbent er than combined elytral base, more than
hairs, but much shorter than the shorter twice as wide as long; its anterior edge gen-
ones on dorsum; abdominal ventrites with tly convex and posterior one somewhat less
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69
A.G. KIREJTSHUK ET AL. NEW TRINODINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM LOWERMOST EOCENE AMBER 63
than twice as great as anterior one, distinct- many layers making difficult to observe the
ly bordered and bi-sinuate, sides about one specimen clearly (mostly ventrally), 9 mm
third as great as posterior edge, paralateral of length, width of widest plane 7 mm and
carinae distinct. Elytra about one and one 2 mm of narrowest plane; with two com-
fifths as long as wide combined. Prosternal plete Nematocera of different species and
process wide and widely rounded at apex. some pieces of organic matter.
Ratio between pro-, meso- and metacoxae Paratype ‘PA 2262’ male with exposed
about as following: 1.0:2.3:0.8. Distance penis trunk and parameres; the complete
between metacoxae markedly greater than specimen is included in a small irregular
antennal club wide. Metepisterna moder- clear amber parallelepiped. The inclusion is
ately wide and rather widened at posterior put in a circular reservoir with Canada Bal-
edge, nearly three times as long as wide at sam fixed on a microscope glass.
posterior edge. Femora of usual shape and Etymology. The name of the new species
moderately compressed, 2.0–2.5 times as refers to the structure of its metepisterna.
wide as tibiae. Diagnosis. This new species is very simi-
Variations. Paratype ‘164’ with body lar to O. gallicus sp. nov. and clearly differs
length 1.5 mm. Some variability is observed from the latter only in the somewhat short-
in pubescence. er pronotum and shape of metepisterna.
The antennal club of the new species under
Oisenodes metepisternalis sp. nov. consideration includes the ultimate anten-
(Figs 8, 10–12, 16, 25–28) nomere somewhat shorter than that in O.
gallicus sp. nov. Besides, O. metepisternalis
Material examined. Holotype ‘PA 336 sp. nov. has the lateral sides of the prono-
2/7’ (MNHN); probable female with mod- tum nearly rectilinear (not arcuate) and
erately rounded hypopygidium; the com- also more raised and more conspicuous pu-
plete specimen with partly exposed both bescence of integument making the study of
posterior wings is included in a subparal- the body surface very complicated.
lel-sided irregular bar of clear consistence Notes. Taking into consideration a great
forming a semicircle in cross section with similarity of this new species to the type
one flat plane along the whole length with species of the genus, the most characters
“milky cover” along pubescent integument shared by both are omitted in the below
(although the dorsum partly clear); length description.
of bar 12–15 mm and width of longitudinal Description. Length 1.3, width 0.8,
plane 8 mm. height 0.6 mm. Elongate oval, strongly con-
Paratype ‘PA 382’; the nearly complete vex dorsally and ventrally; subunicolourous
specimen with partly exposed right poste- dark brown to blackish; appendages brown-
rior wing and with missing right anterior ish; dorsum with long and stout brown-
and intermediate legs is included in a small ish greyish or greyish hairs (depending on
subparallel-sided irregular bar forming a lighting) of two types: longer ones nearly
semicircle in cross section with one flat 1.5 times as long as ultimate antennomere
plane along the whole length with many gas and about as long as femora wide, thicker
vesicles of different sizes and “milky cover” and erect; shorter ones different from the
along pubescent integument (particularly longer ones only in length; underside with
at abdominal apex); length of bar 9.0 mm rather dense, long and strongly conspicuous
and width of longitudinal plane 6 mm. recumbent hairs, but much shorter than the
Paratypes ‘PA 12377’, male with exposed shorter ones on dorsum. Puncturation and
anal sclerite; the complete specimen is in- sculpture of integument masked by pubes-
cluded in a irregular and partly polished bar cence, ‘milky’ cover and many gas vesicles.
forming a triangle in flat view; the bar has Antennae slightly shorter than head wide,
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 54–69