New Genera and Species of Weevils from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Entiminae; Entimini)

16 Pages·2000·0.24 MB·English

by  Robert S. Anderson

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PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024
Number 3299, 15 pp., 41 figures June 28, 2000
New Genera and Species of Weevils from the
Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and Cocos Island,
Costa Rica (Coleoptera; Curculionidae;
Entiminae; Entimini)
ROBERT S. ANDERSON1 AND ANALIA A. LANTERI2
ABSTRACT
A new genus, Galapagonotus Anderson and Lanteri, is described to accommodate Otio-
rhynchuscuneiformisWaterhousefromtheGalapagosIslands,Ecuador.Galapagonotuscunei-
formis (Waterhouse) is redescribed and a neotype is designated. Galapagonotus is placed
within the tribe Entimini, likely in or near the Eustylus group of genera. The species appears
restrictedtoelevationsfrom300to790minnativeScalesia,Miconia,andfern-sedgehabitats
in the archipelago. A second new genus, Coconotus Anderson and Lanteri, also is described
to accommodate three new species from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. These species, described
herein are C. williamsi Anderson and Lanteri, C. kuscheli Anderson and Lanteri, and C. tub-
erculatus Anderson and Lanteri. Coconotus is placed within the tribe Entimini, withtentative
affinities with the Lachnopus-Exophthalmus group of genera. No details are known of the
natural history of any Coconotus species.
INTRODUCTION lands, he placed it in thegenusOtiorhynchus
as O. cuneiformis Waterhouse. Subsequent
When Waterhouse (1845) described a new publications continued to consider this spe-
species of weevil from the Galapagos Is- cies a memberofOtiorhynchus(Waterhouse,
1ResearchAssociate,CanadianMuseumofNature,P.O.Box3443,StationD,Ottawa,ON.K1P6P4,Canada.E-
mail:[email protected]
2Departamento Cientifico de Entomologia, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, s/n 1900, La Plata,Argentina.
E-mail:[email protected]
Copyright (cid:2) American Museum of Natural History 2000 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $2.10
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2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3299
1877; Linell, 1898) until Van Dyke (1953), follows Marvaldi (1997, 1998) in recogniz-
in hisreviewofthebeetlesoftheGalapagos, ing the Entiminae as a large (1150 genera;
questioned this placement and assigned the 12,200 species) monophyletic subfamily of
species to Amphideritus Schoenherr, a South the Curculionidaeaccommodatingthemajor-
AmericangenusofNaupactini.Franz(1985), ity of taxa of the traditional Adelognatha.
citing information passed on to him by Kus- Marvaldi (1997) justified the monophyly of
chel, suggested that Amphideritus sensu Van Entiminae by the presence of two character
Dyke from the Galapagos actually belonged states in the larvae: (1) maxillary mala with
in Barynotini. Subsequently, Kuschel (1986: four ventral setae, and, (2) antennal sensori-
67) placed the species name cuneiformis as um wider than long and cushionlike. Also
incertae sedis within Barynotini and noted based on characters of larvae, she further
that it was not assignable to any described proposedanaturaldivisionofEntiminaeinto
genus and that a new genus needed to be five tribes: Pachyrhynchini, Ectemnorhinini,
described to accommodate it. Alophini, Sitonini, and Entimini (Marvaldi,
We agree with the conclusions of Kuschel 1997). In a second paper, she attempted to
and here describe a new genus, Galapagon- group taxa within the diverse Entimini into
otus Anderson and Lanteri, to accommodate three informal, but possibly natural, subsets,
this species. In addition, in attempting to es- which she called A, B, and C (Marvaldi,
tablish the phylogeneticrelationshipsofGal- 1998). Unfortunately, the division of Entim-
apagonotus,weexaminedspecimensofthree iniinto thesegroupswasbasedonlyonchar-
undescribed species of an undescribed genus acters of the larvae and examination of only
from Cocos Island, off the southwestern a very limited diversity of taxa. Clearly, as
coast of Costa Rica. We here describe a sec- Marvaldi indicated, additional work needsto
ond new genus, Coconotus Anderson and be done, especially using characters of the
Lanteri, to accommodate them. adult stage and incorporating a broader di-
In addition to the description of the new versity of taxa, to see how well (or even if)
taxa, we review what is known of their dis- these groupings hold. Nevertheless, this is
tribution and natural history and attempt to the only recent study attempting to resolve
ascertain their phylogenetic relationships. relationships within Entimini, which other-
Both Galapagonotus and Coconotus appear wise is based on the artificial and outdated
to be endemic to the Galapagos Islands and system of Lacordaire (1863, 1866). While it
Cocos Island, respectively; however, despite is beyond the scope of this paper to examine
their close proximity, they do not appear to relationships among all Entimini, somecom-
be very closely related. That said however, ments can be made concerning characters of
theprecisephylogeneticrelationshipsofeach apparent use in theclassificationofthislarge
genus are unclear. and difficult group within the New World.
We examined a variety of taxa of New
CLASSIFICATION OF World Entimini in attempting to place the
CURCULIONIDAE two new genera described herein. Unfortu-
nately, despite the number of recent publi-
As is well known, the higherclassification cations on the classificationofCurculionidae
of the Curculionoidea is in continuing flux (e.g., Kuschel, 1995; Morrone, 1997), none
(Kuschel, 1995; Marvaldi, 1997; Morrone, have attempted to place the New World gen-
1997; Thompson, 1992; Zimmerman, 1993, era within higher categories.Onlythecheck-
1994a, 1994b). Unfortunately, most of these lists of O’Brien andWibmer(1982),Wibmer
works emphasize classification and relation- and O’Brien (1986), and supplements
ships at the subfamily and family-group lev- (O’Brien and Wibmer, 1984; Wibmer and
els and, as far as we are concerned, do not O’Brien, 1989), which in general follow La-
adequately address the tribal levels, particu- cordaire (1863, 1866), explicitly and com-
larlywithinthesubfamiliesofCurculionidae. prehensively assign New World genera (and
Regardless, we here follow the consensus their included species) to higher categories.
classification proposed by Morrone (1997), This lack of naturally defined subtribes (oth-
which with respect to broad-nosed weevils er than those of Lacordaire), and the lack of
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2000 ANDERSON AND LANTERI: GALAPAGOS AND COCOS WEEVILS 3
clear relationships with other genera means New World Entimini rather than with Rhyn-
that more detailed placements of both Gal- cogonus.
apagonotus and Coconotus remain tentative.
We know of no Entimini that appear sim- GALAPAGONOTUS ANDERSON AND
ilar to, or closely related to, Galapagonotus. LANTERI, NEW GENUS
GalapagonotusmayproverelatedtotheEus-
Figures 1–9
tylus group of genera based on similaritiesin
the mandibular structure (multisetose, with a TYPE SPECIES: Otiorhynchus cuneiformis
large prominent scar and a poorly developed Waterhouse, 1845: 38, here designated.
interior cutting edge); similarly emarginate ETYMOLOGY: This genus is named for the
epistoma;metatibiawithglabrousapicalbev- Galapagos Islands.
el; and similar female genitalia. Despite the DIAGNOSIS: Body length 4.8–7.5 mm. Ves-
fact that most other Galapagos weevils ap- titure of flat scales and fine erect setae, setae
pear to have relationships directly with the longest on elytra. Mandibles with interior
South American mainland, we cannot estab- cutting edge lacking or very slightly devel-
lish such a relationship forGalapagonotusat oped basally, with numerous setae around
present. periphery of scar and along ventral surface.
Relationships of Coconotus also are un- Antennal scape with dense, round appressed
clear. Coconotus may be related to Lachno- scales;inrepose,passingovermiddleofeye.
pus Schoenherr from the West Indies (based Metepisternal suture present; metepisternum
on comparison of Lachnopus floridanus broad. Femora simple, lacking tooth. Meta-
Horn) or Exophthalmus Schoenherr, both of tibiawithapicalbevelbroad,glabrous;apical
which have similar mandibular structure comb of setae slightly ascended along outer
(multisetose, small scar, well-developed in- margin of tibia; mucro single, apical margin
terior cutting edge), lack of scales on the an- of tibia not excised adjacent to base of mu-
tennalscape,similarglabrousmetatibialbev- cro; tarsal groove squamose. Tarsal claws
el, and similar form of the apex of the me- free,lackingbasaltooth.Malewithaedeagus
tatibia. However, other features, such as the cylindrical, apex not reflexed, apical setae
presence of styli on the hemisternites, and lacking. Female with sternite 8 flat, not
the distinct form of most other species of keeled, subtriangular in shape; hemisternites
Lachnopus, may suggest otherwise. On the in dorsal view separate throughout length;
other hand, a very different relationshipwith styli present.
the genus Rhyncogonus Sharp from the is- IDENTIFICATION:Weknowofnosimilarge-
lands of Polynesia is suggested by some fea- nuswithwhichGalapagonotuscouldbecon-
tures, particularly the somewhat flattened fused. Within the weevil fauna of the Gala-
habitus of C. williamsi. Both sexes of Rhyn- pagos, this genus is easily identified by the
cogonus, and Coconotus females, share a short,broadrostrumlackingamediansulcus;
carinate or keeled lateral elytral margin (al- mandible with prominent scar; and antennal
though in Coconotus this is restricted to the scape in repose lying over the middle of the
humeral region only).Otherfeatures,suchas eye.
mandibular form, form of the apex of the DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY: This genus
metatibia, and lack of scales on the antennal is endemic to the Galapagos Islands of Ec-
scape, support a relationship with Rhynco- uador.AlthoughFranz(1985)notedthepres-
gonus; however, Coconotus differs in the ence of two species on the Galapagos Is-
structure of the antennal scrobe (open pos- lands, one of which was found on San Cris-
teriorly in Rhyncogonus but directed below tobal Island, the other on Santa Cruz Island,
theeyeinCoconotus),lackofastylusonthe we recognize only one species, Galapago-
hemisternites (present in Rhyncogonus), and notus cuneiformis (Waterhouse), as present
the metatibia with a broad glabrous apical on the archipelago. We havenot beenableto
bevel (absent in Rhyncogonus). We feel that recognizepatternsofvariationamongislands
these features shared with Rhyncogonus are that warrant recognition of more than one
likely the result of convergence and that the species.
affinities of Coconotus lie somewherewithin DESCRIPTION: Body length male 4.8–6.5
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4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3299
Figs. 1–2. Galapagonotus cuneiformis (Waterhouse), female. 1, Lateral habitus; 2, dorsal habitus.
mm, female 5.5–7.5 mm. Cuticle dark red- addition to sparse, erect hairlike scales; ap-
dish brown to black. Vestiture of round to pressed hairlike scales densest on article 1
tear-drop shaped scales with slight metallic and 2. Antennal club elongate-oval, setose,
reflection; scales moderately dense to dense composed of three articles.
dorsally and sparser ventrally on legs. Dor- Pronotum cylindrical, in dorsal view wid-
sally and ventrally also with scattered, elon- est at middle, with dense round appressed
gate fine setae; setae longest on elytral disk. scalesobscuringunderlyingcuticle,andscat-
Head with rostrum short, broad; flattened tered fine erect setae. Postocular lobes ab-
dorsally, widest at apex. Pterygia (through- sent, anterolateral margin of pronotum more
out length) and scrobes (at apex) visible in or less straight.
dorsal view. Scrobes well defined at point of Elytra as wide as pronotum at base, hu-
antennal insertion, vaguely defined and open merirounded;striae(1–9complete,10short)
posteriorly immediately in front of eye. Ep- not deeply impressed, punctures of striae
istoma with raised anterior margin, moder- moderately large and moderately deep. Ves-
ately emarginate medially. Mandible with titure of moderately dense, appressed, tear-
large prominent scar (indicating point of at- drop shaped scales; also of scattered, elon-
tachment of cusp) and numerous long, gate fine, erect setae; spacing of scales ex-
curvedsetaesurroundingscarandalongven- posing underlying cuticle. Scutellum visible,
tral margin; interior cutting edge lacking or triangular, glabrous. Hind wings lacking.
slightly developed basally. Prementum trap- Legs elongate, with vestiture of rounded
ezoidal, broad, widest at apex, with single appressed scales and scattered fine erect se-
pair of elongate setae at anterolateral angle; tae; setae primarily arranged along inner
labial palpi not visible in ventral view. Eyes margin of femoraand tibiae.Femoraclavate,
laterally to very slightly dorsolaterally situ- widest at apical ⅓ simple, lacking tooth. All
ated, rounded to slightly elongate-oval, very tibiae more or less straight; inner margins
convex and prominent. Head not constricted with small to minute rounded asperities in
behind eyes. Antenna with scape elongate, apical ½; mucro moderately large, curved,
reaching anterior margin of pronotum, in re- smaller on meso- and metatibiae. Metatibia
pose passing over middle of eye; withdense, with apical bevel broad, glabrous; apical
rounded appressed scales and erect hairlike comb of setae slightly ascended along outer
scales. Antennal funicle of seven articles;ar- margin of tibia; mucro single, apical margin
ticle 1 elongate, slightly shorter than, to sub- of tibia not excised adjacent to base of mu-
equal in length to, article 2; articles 3–7 cro; mucro larger on male than on female.
much shorter, each about ½ length of article Tarsal groove squamose, with from one to a
2, very slightly longer than wide; articles 1– few large appressed scales. Tarsi elongate,
7 with elongate appressed, hairlike scales in article 1 slightly longer than 2, article 2
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2000 ANDERSON AND LANTERI: GALAPAGOS AND COCOS WEEVILS 5
Fig. 3–9. Galapagonotus cuneiformis (Waterhouse). 3, Male abdomen, ventral view; 4, female ab-
domen,ventralview;5,ovipositor,sternite8,tergites7and8;6,spermatheca;7,aedeagus,lateralview;
8,aedeagus,dorsalview;9,sternites8and9,tergite8.Scaleline(cid:1)1mm,exceptspermatheca,(cid:1)0.25
mm.
slightly longer than 3, article 3 bilobed, ar- than 2; 3 and 4 subequal in length, short,
ticle 4 elongate, extended beyond apices of their combined length slightly less than ⅔
3 by slightly greater than length of article 3; length of visible sternite 2; visible sternite 5
ventrally with elongate, moderately dense, longerthanlengthof3and4combined.Base
fine, wispy vestiture on articles 1 and 2, ves- of visible sternite 1 concave in male, flat to
titure slightly denser on article 3; claws sim- slightly convex in female. Apex of visible
ple, divergent, free. sternite 5 very slightly emarginate at middle
Prosternum with procoxae contiguous, sit- in male; rounded in female. Tergite 7 trans-
uated slightly closer to anterior margin than verse in male, with posterior margin broadly
to posterior margin. Mesocoxae proximate, emarginate at middle, posterolateral angles
separated by more or less ¼ diameter of me- projected; elongate in female, with posterior
socoxa.Mesosternumsparselypunctate,with margin narrowly truncate.
scattered sparse rounded scales. Mesepime- Male genitalia. Sternite 8 large, trapezoi-
ron short-trapezoidal, anterior margin direct- dal,posteriormarginbroadlyemarginate,not
ed to elytra then turned anteriorly such that cleft; sternite 9 long, broad; Tegmen lightly
mesepisternum contacts elytron in a strip sclerotized, parameres developed, directed
near extreme base of elytron. Metasternum anteriad, very lightly sclerotized. Aedeagus
short, concave medially; vestiture of moder- cylindrical, sclerotized throughout; apex not
ately dense, appressed, tear-drop shaped reflexed, apical setae lacking. Apodemes
scales and sparse fine erect setae. Metepis- subequal in length to aedeagus.
ternal suture present, distinct and deep inan- Female genitalia. Sternite 8 small, flat,
terior½,indistinct,notimpressedinposterior subtriangular, longer than wide, widest at
½; metepisternum broad, 5–6 times as long base; with pair of more heavily sclerotized,
as wide. Metacoxae widely separated by slightly divergent lines from base to mid-
about ⅔ diameter of a metacoxa. length; apical ⅓ with elongate, erect setae;
Abdomen with scattered appressed tear- apodeme approximately 1.33 times length
drop shaped scales and sparse, fine erect se- sternite. Ovipositor relatively short, lessthan
tae. Visible sternite 1 very slightly longer ½ length of abdomen, lacking setae; baculi
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6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3299
absent; hemisternites sclerotized, short, sub- G. Kuschel (NZAC, 1). Santiago Island.
divided into apical and basal portions, apical Aguacate Camp. 550 m, mossy forest, FIT,
portion less than ½ length of basal portion; 7–13.IV.1992, S. Peck (AMNH, 2; CMNC,
in dorsal view separate throughout length; 4). Aguacate (1 km NE), 600 m, 4–9.
styli distinct, elongate. Spermatheca subcy- VI.1991, humid forest FIT, S. Peck (CMNC,
lindrical, point of insertion of duct not de- 1). San Cristobal Island. [as Chatham Is-
veloped, point of insertion of gland globose, land]. July 1906, F.X. Williams (CASC, 1);
proximal. January 24–30, 1906, F.X. Williams (CASC,
1). Poza Colorada, 550 m, sweeping,
Galapagonotus cuneiformis (Waterhouse), 19.III.1996, S. Peck (CMNC, 1). Gebirge b.
new combination Progreso, V.–VI.1975, H. Franz (NZAC, 2).
Figures 1–9 Santa Cruz Island. Cerro Crocker subtop,
790 m, fern sedge formol traps, 10–
Otiorhynchus cuneiformis Waterhouse, 1845: 38. 30.IV.1996, S. Peck (CMNC, 1). Puntudo,
Waterhouse, 1877: 82. Linell, 1898: 267.
700 m, pampa zone shrub litter, 2.II.1989,S.
Amphideritus cuneiformis; Van Dyke, 1953: 142.
Peck (CMNC, 1). Puntudo, 650 m, Scalesia
[no assigned genus] cuneiformis; Kuschel, 1986:
forest FIT, 1–29.II.1989, S. Peck & B. Sin-
67 (Barynotini, incertae sedis).
clair (CMNC, 4). Puntudo (1 km N), 650 m,
TYPES: As noted by Franz (1985) the type Scalesia forest FIT, 1–8.IV.1989, S. Peck
of Otiorhynchus cuneiformis Waterhouse is (CMNC, 2). Wald u¨ber Santa Rosa, V.–VI.,
missing and a neotype must be designated. 1975, H. Franz (NZAC, 1).
Neotype male, dissected, heredesignated,la- NATURALHISTORY:Asfarasisknown,this
beled. ‘‘ECU: Galapagos/Puntudo, Scalesia/ species is native and endemic to the Gala-
650m, 1–8.iv.89/FIT, S.Peck, 89-199,’’ with pagos Islands. Specimens have been collect-
genitalia vial and our designation label ed on four islands and generally at upper el-
(BMNH). evations from 300 to 790 m in native Sca-
DESCRIPTION: Body length male 4.8–6.5 lesia, Miconia, and fern-sedge habitats (see
mm, female 5.5–7.5 mm; body width male Peck and Kukalova-Peck, 1990: 1620 for
2.3–3.0 mm, female 2.4–3.2 mm. Scales discussion of habitats). Adults lack function-
white, light to dark brown or green, usually al hind wings. No details are known of food
with slight metallic reflection, not forming habits; most broad-nosed weevils aregeneral
distinct elytral pattern. Head with rostrumir- foliage feeders as adults, and root feeders as
regularly, densely punctate to distinctly ru- larvae.
goseinbasal½to⅔;verysparselyandfinely
punctate in apical ½ to ⅓. Epistoma emar- COCONOTUS ANDERSON AND
ginate medially in broad V shape, laterally LANTERI, NEW GENUS
with three long, curved setae per side. Pron-
Figures 10–41
otumwithsurfacesculptureslightlyirregular,
distinct punctures visible, fine and deep, ir- TYPE SPECIES: Coconotus williamsiAnder-
regularly spaced. Elytra gradually expanded son and Lanteri, by present designation.
posteriorly to posterior ⅔ then attenuate to ETYMOLOGY: This genus is named for Co-
apex; intervals flat except for bases of inter- cos Island.
vals 3 and 5, which are slightly elevated; DIAGNOSIS: Body length 5.5–8.1 mm. Ves-
erect setae of intervals arranged irregularly titureofflat,round,oftenmetallicscales;fine
in multiple rows. Aedeagus moderately setae present only on elytral declivity. Man-
curved; apex slightlyproducedintonarrowly dibles with inner cutting edge well devel-
subacuminate tip; apical and basal regions oped, bladelike, with prominent inwardly di-
slightly expanded in dorsal view, slightly rected tooth, with numeroussetaearoundpe-
wider than intervening length. Internal sac riphery of scar and along ventral surface.
visible at base of aedeagus, slightly protrud- Antennal scape with only fine appressed se-
ed, with transverse apical sclerite complex. tae, in repose, passing over extreme lower
DISTRIBUTION: ECUADOR. Galapagos Is- portion of eye or under eye. Metepisternal
lands. Floreana Island. 300 m, 15.II.1964, suturepresent:metepisternumextremelynar-
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2000 ANDERSON AND LANTERI: GALAPAGOS AND COCOS WEEVILS 7
row. Humeri with short, distinct ridgelike scar (indicating point of attachmentofcusp),
keel in female, evenly rounded in male. Me- with numerous setae around periphery of
tatibiawithapicalbevelbroad,glabrous;api- scar and along ventral surface; interior cut-
cal comb of setae not ascended along outer ting edge well developed, bladelike, with
marginoftibia;mucrosingle,butapicalmar- prominent inwardly directed tooth. Premen-
gin of metatibia excised adjacent to base of tum trapezoidal, broad, widest at apex, with
mucro such that a second tooth is evident on single pair of elongate setae at anterolateral
the margin at the apex of the excision; tarsal angle; labial palpi visible in ventral view.
groove squamose. Tarsal claws free, lacking Antenna with scape having dense, fine setae
basal tooth. Male with aedeagus cylindrical, only; elongate, reaching anterior margin of
apex reflexed, apical setae lacking. Female pronotum; in repose passing over extreme
with sternite 8 flat, not keeled, subrhomboi- lower portion of eye or under eye. Antennal
dal in shape; hemisternites in dorsal view funicle of seven articles: article 1 elongate,
fused at apex, styli absent. subequal in length to article 2; articles 3–7
IDENTIFICATION: Coconotus keystocouplet much shorter, each about ½ length of article
34 in the Barynotini portion of the key to 2, very slightly longer than wide; articles 1–
world Brachyderinae of Emden (1944). Co- 7 with elongate, appressed hairlike scales in
conotus is easily distinguished from other addition to sparse erect vestiture. Antennal
taxa that key to this point by the absence of clubelongate-oval,setose,composedofthree
scales on the antennal scape and by the articles. Frons slightly concave. Eyes large,
keeled humeri in females. laterally to very slightly dorsolaterally situ-
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY: This genus ated, rounded, convex, and prominent. Head
is endemic to Cocos Island of Costa Rica. not constricted behind eyes.
Three species, Coconotus williamsi Ander- Pronotum cylindrical, in dorsal view wid-
son and Lanteri, C. kuscheli Anderson and est at middle, with dense, round appressed
Lanteri, and C. tuberculatus Anderson and scales.Postocularlobeslacking,anterolateral
Lanteri are described herein. Hogue and margin of pronotum more or less straight.
Miller (1981) noted a taxon ‘‘genus nearEp- Elytra as wide as pronotum at base, grad-
icaerus,’’ which is likely Coconotus; how- ually expanded posteriorly to midlengththen
ever, we have been unable to locate repre- attenuate to apex, broadly flattened in male,
sentative specimens. less so in female; striae (1–9 complete, 10
DESCRIPTION: Body length male 5.5–8.1 short) not, to moderately impressed, punc-
mm, female 6.1–6.8 mm; width male 2.4– tures of striae moderately large and moder-
4.0 mm, female 2.8–3.0 mm. Cuticle dark atelydeep,seriallyarrangedorscattered.Hu-
reddish brown to black. Vestiture of round meri rounded, with short, distinct ridgelike
scales, each with some degree of metallicre- keel in female, lacking in male. Vestiture of
flection (scales may be greasy and appear moderately dense, appressed, round scales;
black in some specimens), not forming dis- scales in most places obscuring underlying
tinct pattern; moderately dense to dense dor- cuticle; fine, erect setae only visible on ely-
sally and on legs, sparserventrally.Ventrally tral declivity. Scutellum visible; small, tri-
and dorsally on apicaldeclivityofelytraalso angular, glabrous. Hind wings lacking.
with scattered, elongate, fine setae. Legs elongate, with vestiture of rounded
Head with rostrum short, broad; flattened appressed scales and scattered fine erect se-
dorsally, widest at apex. Pterygia (through- tae; setae primarily arranged along inner
out length) and scrobes (at apex) visible in margin of femoraand tibiae.Femoraclavate,
dorsal view. Scrobes well defined at point of widest at apical ⅓, simple, lacking tooth. All
antennal insertion, poorly defined dorsally, tibiaemoreorlessstraightinfemale,slightly
but well-defined ventrally; somewhat open inwardly arcuate in male; inner margin with
dorsally, but with deeper channel directed small to minute rounded asperites in apical
below eye. Epistoma with flat to very slight- ½ in female, with numerous large teeth
ly raised anterior margin, very slightlyemar- throughout length in male; mucro large,
ginate medially, laterally with two long, curved, smaller on meso- and metatibia.Me-
curved setae per side. Mandible with small tatibiawithapicalbevelbroad,glabrous;api-
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8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3299
Figs. 10–13. Coconotus williamsi Anderson and Lanteri. 10, Lateral habitus, female; 11, dorsal
habitus, female; 12, lateral habitus, male; 13, dorsal habitus, male.
cal comb of setae not ascended along outer ally; round scales present only laterally. Me-
margin of tibia; mucro small, apical margin tepisternal suture present, distinct; metepis-
of metatibia excised adjacent to base of mu- ternum extremely narrow, about 10 times as
cro such that asecondtoothisevidentonthe longaswide.Metacoxaewidelyseparatedby
margin at the apex of the excision. Tarsal about diameter of a metacoxa.
groove squamose (scales may be abraded), Abdomen with sparse, rounded scales lat-
with only one or two large appressed scales. erally and very sparse, very fine erect setae
Tarsi elongate, article 1 slightly longer than throughout. Visible sternite 1 subequal in
article 2, article 2 slightly longer than article lengthto2;3and4subequalinlength,short,
3; article 3 bilobed, article 4 elongate, ex- their combined length slightly shorter than
tended beyond apices of 3 by slightlygreater length of visible sternite 2; visible sternite 5
than length of article 3; ventrally with elon- longerthanlengthof3and4combined.Base
gate, moderately dense, fine, wispy vestiture of visible sternite 1 concave in male, flat to
on articles 1 and 2, very dense and piloseon slightly convex in female. Apex of visible
article 3; claws simple, divergent, free. sternite 5 rounded in male and female. Ter-
Prosternum with procoxae contiguous, sit- gite 7 transverse in both male and female,
uated slightly closer to anterior margin than with apical margin shallowly medially emar-
to posterior margin. Mesocoxae proximate, ginate or not; posterolateral angles rounded,
separated by more or less ¼ diameter of me- not projected.
socoxa. Mesosternum sparsely punctate, Male genitalia. Sternite 8 large, trapezoi-
lacking scales. Mesepimeron short-trapezoi- dal, posterior margin moderately emarginate
dal, anterior margin directed to elytra then and deeply cleft; sternite 9 long, broad. Teg-
turned anteriorly so that mesepisternumcon- men well sclerotized, parameres developed,
tacts elytron in a strip near extreme base of directed anteriad, very lightly sclerotized.
elytron. Metasternum short, concave medi- Aedeagus cylindrical, elongate, sclerotized
AMNHNOVITATES novi 00173 Mp 9
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2000 ANDERSON AND LANTERI: GALAPAGOS AND COCOS WEEVILS 9
Figs. 14–22. Coconotus williamsi Anderson and Lanteri. 14, Male abdomen, ventral view; 15, fe-
male abdomen, ventral view; 16, sternite 8; 17, tergites 7 and 8; 18, hemisternites; 19,spermatheca;20,
aedeagus, lateral view; 21, aedeagus, dorsal view; 22, sternites 8 and 9, tergite 8. Scale lines (cid:1) 1 mm,
except spermatheca (cid:1) 0.25 mm.
throughout; apex produced, slightly reflexed, and sharp ...........................
no apical setae present. Apodemes slightly ...... C. williamsi Anderson and Lanteri
shorter than length of aedeagus. 1(cid:2) Pronotum widest from anterior ⅓ to middle
(figs. 24, 26, 36). Elytra more convex and
Female genitalia. Sternite 8 small, flat,
elongate-oval in dorsal view (figs. 24, 26,
subrhomboidal, as wide as long, widest at
36). Female with humeral carina short, low,
base; very lightly sclerotized; apical ⅓ with
roundedorshort,verydistinct,laterallypro-
elongate, erect setae; apodeme very narrow,
duced, acute ....................... 2
from 4 to 8 times length sternite. Ovipositor 2 Female with humeralcarinashort,low,round-
(very pale and indistinct in some specimens) ed(fig.24).Malewithsubapicalcalluslack-
¼ length abdomen or less, setae present, ing .... C. kuscheli Anderson and Lanteri
short, sparse, apical; baculi absent; hemister- 2(cid:2) Female with humeral carina short, very dis-
nites (where apparent) short or long, sube- tinct, laterally produced, acute (fig. 36).
qualinlength,notapparentlysubdividedinto Male not known .....................
... C. tuberculatus Anderson and Lanteri
basal and apical portions; in dorsal view
fused at apex; styli absent. Spermathecasub-
Coconotus williamsi Anderson and Lanteri,
cylindrical, point of insertion of duct not de-
new species
veloped, point of insertion of gland globose,
proximal. Figures 10–22
TYPES: Holotype male labeled ‘‘COSTA
KEY TO SPECIES OF COCONOTUS RICA. Prov. Puntarenas./P.N. Isla del Coco.
Bah´ıa Wafer./1 m. Oct.1994. J.F. Quesada./
1 Pronotumwidest atornearbase(figs.11,13).
Elytra flattened and broadly oval in dorsal Long:-87:03:30 Lat:5:32:45 #3314,’’ with
view, especially so in males (figs. 11, 13). INBio barcode label 2544747 (INBio). Al-
Female with humeral carina short, distinct, lotype female labeled ‘‘Bah´ıa Chatan, P.N.
AMNHNOVITATES novi 00173 Mp 10
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10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3299
Figs. 23–26. Coconotus kuscheli Anderson and Lanteri. 23, Lateral habitus, female; 24, dorsalhab-
itus, female; 25, lateral habitus, male; 26, dorsal habitus, male.
Isla del Coco,/Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA. 5 3033076, 3033078, 3033079). Sendero Las
a 9/feb 1993. F. Quesada,L-S-0 0,’’withIN- Cuevas, 20 m, 16.XII.1997, C. Flores, E.
Bio barcode label 1851622 (INBio). Paraty- Ulate (1(cid:4), 1(cid:3); INBio; 3033013, 3033014).
pes as follows: Costa Rica. Cocos Island. 3– Total paratypes, 13(cid:3), 18(cid:4).
13.IX.1905, F.X. Williams (1(cid:3); CASC). ETYMOLOGY: This species is named after
8.III.1964, G. Kuschel (2(cid:4); NZAC). Bah´ıa Francis X. Williams of the California Acad-
Chatan, 5–9.II.1993, F. Quesada (4(cid:4), 3(cid:3); emy of Sciences, who collected the first
INBio, CMNC, MZLP; 1851918, 1851621, known specimen during fieldwork on Cocos
1366654, 1851623, 1851624, 1851626, Island (and the Galapagos) in 1905–6.
1851625, 1851627). Bahı´a Chatan, 5– DIAGNOSIS: This species is easily distin-
9.II.1993, P. Rios (1(cid:3); CMNC; 1850791). guished by the form of the pronotum, which
Bah´ıa Wafer, 1(cid:4), X.1994, J.F. Quesada (1(cid:4), is widest at the base,the flattenedandbroad-
1(cid:3); INBio, CMNC; 2544771, 2544746). ly oval elytra, and the presence of metallic
Bahia Yglesias a la Catarata, 20 m, blue or green scales.
21.XII.1997, C. Flores, E. Ulate (4(cid:4), 1(cid:3), DESCRIPTION: Male, length 7.8–8.1 mm,
AMNH, CMNC, INBio; 3033085, 3033086, width 3.8–4.0 mm. Female, length 6.1–6.6
3033087, 3033088, 3033089, Cuesta el Gal- mm, width 2.8–3.2 mm. Scales green, blue,
linero, sendero a Cerro Yglesias, 200 m, or gold, with metallic reflection (greasy and
28.XII.1997,19.XII.1997,C.Flores,E.Ulate appearing black in some specimens); dense
(2(cid:3); AMNH, INBio; 3033002, 3033151). El along lateralmarginspronotaldiskandpron-
Guarumal, sendero Wafer aChatan,30m,C. otal flanks, entire elytra, and laterallyonme-
Flores, E. Ulate (1(cid:4); INBio; 3033022). Los tasternum and metepisternum, otherwise
Llanos, 260 m, 24.XII.1997, C. Flores, E. very sparse or absent; not forming distinct
Ulate (2 (cid:4); INBio; 3033066, 3033067). Or- elytral pattern. Rostrum regularly, finely
illa del Rio Genio, 10 m, 17.XII.1997, C. punctate in basal ⅔; very sparsely and finely
Flores, E. Ulate (2(cid:4), 2(cid:3); CMNC; 3033075, punctate in apical ⅓; distinctly deflexed api-