New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Diseases PDF
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Akira Miyazaki, Michio Imawari (Eds.) New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Diseases Akira Miyazaki, Michio Imawari (Eds.) New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Diseases ~ Springer AkiraMiyazaki, M.D., Ph.D. ProfessorandChairman DepartmentofBiochemistry ShowaUniversity SchoolofMedicine 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku,Tokyo 142-8555,Japan Michio Imawari, M.D., D.M.Sc. Professorand Chairman SecondDepartmentofInternalMedicine ShowaUniversity SchoolofMedicine 1-5-8Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku,Tokyo 142-8555,Japan LibraryofCongressControlNumber: 2007939280 ISBN 978-4-431-76427-4 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthemate rialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinotherways,andstorageindatabanks. The use ofregistered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnames are exemptfrom therelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Productliability: The publishercan give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must checkitsaccuracybyconsultingotherpharmaceuticalliterature. SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia springer.com ©Springer2008 PrintedinJapan Typesetting: Camera-readybytheeditorsandauthors Printingandbinding: KatoBunmeisha,Japan Printedonacid-freepaper Foreword It is my great pleasure to publish New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Dis eases, the proceedings of the Showa University International Symposium for Life Sciences, 3rd Annual Meeting, held at Showa University on Sep tember 13, 2006. This symposium was supported, in part, by Grants for the Promotion of the Advancement of Education and Research in Graduate Schools and Ordinary Expenses for Private Schools from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. On behalf of Showa University, I would like to express my deepest thanks to all the authors and editors for their great contribution to the publication of this memorable book that accelerates research activity in lifestyle-related diseases. Akiyoshi Hosoyamada, M.D., Ph.D. President, Showa University Tokyo, Japan September 2007 v Preface The leading cause of death in Western countries and some developing countries is atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Among them, acute myocardial infarction is the most common type offatal disease, caused by the progression ofatherosclerosis characterizedby accumulation ofcholes terol in vascular walls. Development ofatherosclerosis is greatly enhanced by major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, hyperlip idemia, diabetes (hyperglycemia), and hypertension. Among those, obesity frequently initiates a metabolic change that subsequently induces hyperlip idemia, diabetes, hypertension, and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascu lar diseases. Because obesity and its related disorders largely depend on lifestylefactors suchashighcalorieintakeandlowphysicalactivity,aseries ofdisorders are termed lifestyle-related diseases. This book includes 14 oral presentations and 5 poster presentations from the ShowaUniversity International Symposium, 3rdAnnual Meeting, "NewFrontiersinLifestyle-RelatedDiseases,"heldonSeptember13,2006. The work published here conveys the latest information from basic and clinical research in lifestyle-related diseases. The first part of the book describes regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis. The second part deals with lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. The third part ofthe book focuses onnovelriskfactors forcardiovasculardiseases suchas sleepapnea syndrome, small dense low-density lipoproteins, and periodontitis. We wish to express many thanks to all the participants in the sympo sium and to the authors of this book. We believe this volume provides researchers in the field of lifestyle-related diseases with new and useful information. Akira Miyazaki, M.D., Ph.D., Professor ofBiochemistry Michio Imawari, M.D., D.M.Sc. Professor ofMedicine Showa University School ofMedicine Tokyo, Japan September 2007 VII Contents Foreword V Preface................................................................................................... VII Contributors.......................................................................................... XIII Part I. Regulation ofFeeding and Energy Homeostasis in the Brain Orphan Neuropeptides and the Regulation ofFood Intake H. Nagasaki, Y. Xu, Y. Saito, and O. Civelli 3 Neuronal Mechanisms ofFeeding Regulation by Peptides M. Nakazato and H. Veno 21 Distribution and Localization ofGalanin-Like Peptide (GALP) in Brain F. Takenoya, H. Kageyama, and S. Shioda 29 Functional Analysis ofGALP in Feeding Regulation H. Kageyama, K. Toshinai, Y Date, M. Nakazato, F. Takenoya, and S. Shioda 39 Regulation ofEnergy Homeostasis by GALP S. Shioda, H. Kageyama, F. Takenoya, Y. Date, M. Nakazato, T. Osaka, and Y. Minokoshi 47 Part II. Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Cholesterol Trafficking and Esterification with Relation to Atherosclerosis and Neurodegenerative Diseases T.Y. Chang, and C. C. Y. Chang 57 Atherogenic Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetes with Nephropathy T. Hirano 71 Regulatory Mechanisms for Cytosolic Prostaglandin E Synthase, cPGES/p23 Y. Nakatani, and I. Kudo 77 IX x Regulation ofIntracellular Lipid Storage and Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein (ADRP) H. Itabe, Y. Masuda, N. Sasabe, K. Kitazato, H. Arai, and T. Takano 81 Roles ofVasoactive Agents in Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis T. Watanabe, and A. Miyazaki 89 Part III. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Sleep Apnea and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Complications C. P. O'Donnell 99 Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Atherosclerosis K. Minoguchi 107 Significance ofSmall Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins in Coronary Heart Disease S. Koba, T. Hirano, Y. Yokota, F. Tsunoda, Y. Ban, T. Sato, M. Shoji, H. Suzuki, E. Geshi, and T. Katagiri 115 Statin Decreases IL-1 and LPS-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines Production in Oral Epithelial Cells M. Usui, R. Suda, Y. Miyazawa, M. Kobayashi, Y. Okamatsu, H. Takiguchi, M. Suzuki, and M. Yamamoto 125 Part IV. Poster Sessions Onco-Suppressor p53 Protein Prevents an Alzheimer Disease Mouse Model, Pinl-Null Mouse from the Increase ofPresenilin-1 K. Takahashi, K. Shimazaki, T. Obama, R. Kato, H. Itabe, H. Akiyama, C. Uchida, and T. Uchida 135 Quantification ofMouse Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein by Sandwich ELISA R. Kato, C. Mon, K. Kitasato, K. Takahashi, S. Arata, T. Obama, and H. Itabe 139 XI Regulation ofsPLA -IIA Expression in Cytokine-Stimulated Rat 2 Fibroblasts H. Kuwata, and I. Kudo 143 Comparison Between Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol to Predict Coronary Events in Stable Coronary Heart Disease Y. Yokota, S. Koba, F. Tsunoda, Y. Ban, T. Sato, M. Shoji, H. Suzuki, and T. Katagiri 147 Acceleration ofFoam Cell Formation by Leptin in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages S. Hongo, T. Watanabe, K. Takahashi, and A. Miyazaki 155 Key word index .. 159 Contributors Akiyama, H., Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan Arai, H., Department ofHealth Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Arata, S., I-Jaboratory ofDNA Recombination, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan Ban, Y., Third Department ofInternal Medicine, Showa University School ofMedicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan Chang, C.C.Y., Department ofBiochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, 03755 USA Chang, T.-Y., Department ofBiochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, 03755 USA Civelli, 0., Departments ofPharmacology and Developmental and Cell Biology, Schools ofMedicine and ofBiological Sciences, Med surge II, University California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA Date, Y., Frontier Science Research Center, University ofMiyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan Ge-shi, E., Third Department ofInternal Medicine, Showa University School ofMedicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan Hirano, T., First Department ofInternal Medicine, Showa University School ofMedisine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan Hongo, S., Department ofBiochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan XIII
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