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NEW FEATURES ON MAGNESIUM ALLOYS Edited by Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro NEW FEATURES ON MAGNESIUM ALLOYS Edited by Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro New Features on Magnesium Alloys http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2810 Edited by Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro Contributors Zhifeng Wang, Weimin Zhao, Tomasz Tański, Anna Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Tomasz Tański, Szymon Malara, Justyna Domagała-Dubiel, Nina Angrisani, Jan-Marten Seitz, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg, Janin Reifenrath, Masafumi Noda, Yoshihito Kawamura, Tsuyoshi Mayama, Kunio Funami, Parviz Asadi, Kamel Kazemi-Choobi, Amin Elhami, W.A. Monteiro, S.J. Buso, L.V. da Silva Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Simcic Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published July, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] New Features on Magnesium Alloys, Edited by Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0668-5 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Properties and Microstructure of Magnesium-Based Quasicrystals 1 Chapter 1 Mg-Based Quasicrystals 3 Zhifeng Wang and Weimin Zhao Section 2 Surface Treatments of Magnesium Alloys 27 Chapter 2 Investigation of the Structure and Properties of PVD and PACVD-Coated Magnesium Die Cast Alloys 29 Tomasz Tański Chapter 3 Technology Foresight Results Concerning Laser Surface Treatment of Casting Magnesium Alloys 53 Anna Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Tomasz Tański, Szymon Malara and Justyna Domagała-Dubiel Section 3 Orthopaedic Applications – Magnesium Alloys 79 Chapter 4 Rare Earth Metals as Alloying Components in Magnesium Implants for Orthopaedic Applications 81 Nina Angrisani, Jan-Marten Seitz, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg and Janin Reifenrath Section 4 Mechanical Properties – Magnesium Alloys 99 Chapter 5 Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Zn-Y Alloys with a Long-Period Stacking Order Phase and Plastic Deformation 101 Masafumi Noda, Yoshihito Kawamura, Tsuyoshi Mayama and Kunio Funami VI Contents Section 5 Magnesium Alloys – Welding and Joining Processes 119 Chapter 6 Welding of Magnesium Alloys 121 Parviz Asadi, Kamel Kazemi-Choobi and Amin Elhami Section 6 Developments on Magnesium Alloys Applied to Transport 159 Chapter 7 Application of Magnesium Alloys in Transport 161 W.A. Monteiro, S.J. Buso and L.V. da Silva Preface Magnesium alloys have always been attractive to designers due to their low density, only two thirds that of aluminium. This has been a major factor in the widespread use of magnesium alloy castings and wrought products. The present book gives us an overview in some special areas of magnesium alloys concerning technological applications and eco-friendly requirements. Each chapter brings us a new facet relating to the application of magnesium alloy including, as an example, researches with rare earth metals as alloying components in magnesium implants for orthopaedic applications. Quasicrystals (QCs) are a well-defined ordered phase of solid matter with long-range quasiperiodic translational order and an orientational order, but no three dimensional translational periodicity. QC master alloys can be used to strengthen magnesium alloys (surface coating application for frying pans, surgical blades and hydrogen storage materials). A further requirement in recent years has been for superior corrosion performance and intense improvements have been demonstrated for new magnesium alloys. Mechanical properties enhancements and corrosion resistance have led to greater interest in magnesium alloys also for aerospace and specialty applications. The galvanic corrosion problem can only be solved by proper coating systems. Magnesium and its alloys form a very thin surface film which indicates that the underlying metal cannot be completely covered. As a result, magnesium and its alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion. In the past, the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys is the overriding factor to prevent their applications. Some properties are of interest only for the surface of the material, investigations were carried out concerning surface treatment of the magnesium alloys by applying of the physical vapor deposition processes. The best development and application prospects tentative from an analysis of mechanical properties of the casting magnesium alloys subjected to laser treatment are exhibited by those materials into which the particles of titanium and vanadium carbides were cladded. X Preface An effective way to improve the ductility of the special magnesium alloys while maintaining high strength involves ensuring recovery of the secondary long-period stacking order phase (LPSO) from kink bands (grain size control of the α-Mg phase) producing a fine dispersion of the LPSO phase in the α-Mg phases. During last decade, a substantial advance is made in welding and joining of magnesium alloys. To improve in conventional fusion welding techniques, new methods and their hybrids are developed. Confident that all these high-level contributions are of interest, I would like to extend my sincere acknowledgments to all those who contributed to the drafting of this book. Prof. Dr. Waldemar Alfredo Monteiro 1School of Engineering - Presbyterian Mackenzie University, 2Materials Science and Technology Center – Energetic and Nuclear Researches Institute São Paulo, S.P., Brazil