New Extragalactic Perspectives in the New South Africa: Proceedings of the International Conference on “Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology” held in Johannesburg, South Africa, January 22–26, 1996

675 Pages·1996·23.18 MB·English

by  David L. Block (auth.)

sourn
NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW AFRICA
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
VOLUME 209
Executive Committee
W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands
J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty 0/ Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University 0/ Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University 0/ Utrecht,
The Netherlands
Editorial Board
1. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany
J. N. BAHCALL, The Institute/or Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A.
F. BERTOLA, Universita di Padova, Italy
W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands
J. P. CASSINELLI, University o/Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d' Etudes de Saclay, Gi/-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty 0/ Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
R. McCRAY, University o/Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.S.A.
P. G. MURDIN, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, U.K.
F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
F. H. SHU, University o/Cali/ornia, Berkeley, U.S.A.
B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia
R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
S. TREMAINE, CITA, University o/Toronto, Canada
Y. TANAKA, Institute 0/ Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan
E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University 0/ Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University o/Utrecht,
The Netherlands
N. O. WEISS, University o/Cambridge, U.K.
NEW EXTRAGALACTIC
PERSPECTIVES IN
THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA
Proceedings of the International Conference on
"Cold Dust and Galaxy Morphology"
held in Johannesburg, South Africa,
January 22-26, 1996
Edited by
DAV ID L. BLOCK
Department o/Computational and Applied Mathematics,
University o/the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
and
J. MAYO GREENBERG
Huygens Astrophysics Laboratory,
University o/Leiden, The Netherlands
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN-l3: 978-94-010-6637-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0335-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0335-7
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
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Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
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retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
NEW EXTRAGALACTIC PERSPECTIVES IN THE NEW SOUTH
AFRICA
Changing Perceptions of the Morphology, Dust Content and Dust-Gas Ratios
in Galaxies: January 22 - 26 1996
Scientific Organizing Committee:
R.J. Allen (USA)
G. Bertin (Italy)
D.L. Block (South Africa; SOC Chairperson)
B.W. Burton (Netherlands)
N. Devereux (USA)
J.M. Greenberg (Netherlands)
P. Grosb¢l (Germany)
R.D. Joseph (USA)
J. Lequeux (France)
A.N. Witt (USA)
Local Organizing Committee at the Witwatersrand University:
Professors J.P.F. Sellschop (Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research), P.D. Tyson
(Chairman of the National Astronomy Facilities Board: South Africa),
R. Crewe (Dean: Science Faculty), C.J. Wright (Head: CAMS) and D.L.
Block (CAMS; Chairman of the LOC); G.C. Buric (CAMS), E. Momo
niat (CAMS) and M. Nakayama (CAMS). Other LOC Members: Dr R.S.
Stobie (Director: SAAO), Dr L. Alberts (former Chairman, South African
Academy of Science and Arts); E.K. Block (Vista University), P. van Huyssteen
(Price, Waterhouse and Meyernel), T. Hanson (Rennies Conference Man
agement), S. Irish (Sunnyside Residence) and M. Doidge (Wits).
Secretariat:
Mrs Florence Goetze. SOC Secretariat: E. Momoniat
Registration Desk & Camera Ready Copy:
De Wet Ferreira, Siona Bradu, Meg Doidge, Ebrahim Momoniat.
COVER CAPTIONS
Front Cover - (top):
Images secured through H, Rand B filters ofthe famous interacting 'Antennae'
galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 (= Arp 244 = VV 245) were assigned to the red, green
and blue guns respectively, of a colour digital camera. The difference in the stellar
content of the two galaxies is very striking. Approximately 40% of HI in the system
is associated with the two galaxies seen here; the remaining 60% is associated with
the luminous tails. The observers were K. Sellgren and G. Tiede, using the 1.5m
at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Courtesy J. Frogel.
Front Cover - (bottom):
The spiral galaxy NGC 2997. Left: Optical photographs of NGC 2997 (courtesy
D. Malin and the Anglo-Australian Observatory) and B CCD images (courtesy S.
d'Odorico with the ESO NTT) reveals an optically grand design, m=2 morphology.
Middle: A near-infrared 2x3 mosaic at 2.1 microns with the ESO 2.2m telescope,
reveals a distinct m=1 stellar component. Observers at ESO, La Silla: D. Block
and A. Moneti. Right: After reb inning to a common scale of the Band K' images,
widespread inter arm dust (colour coded so that dust=black) is seen at arcsecond
resolution in this B-K' map, produced by D. Block and P. Grosb¢l. Reproduced
courtesy Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Back Cover:
A three dimensional projection of a near-infrared image of the optically floc
culent spiral galaxy NGC 2841 reveals a remarkable system of long, dark infrared
spiral arms. The very regular and smooth dark, gaseous spiral arms appear as
'valleys' in this relief projection, and have no stellar counterparts. The arms each
span an azimuth of 1600• Image produced using the IBM Data Explorer by B.G.
Elmegreen and C. Pickover, from 2.1 micron NICMOS images secured at Mauna
Kea, Hawaii by R.J. Wainscoat. Courtesy Nature.
CONTENTS
Invited review papers are identified by a t after the surname of the review
*
speaker. A in a title implies that colour platers) from the author(s) are
located in the separate Colour Plate Section
THE SOC AND LOC V
THE EDITORS - Preface xv
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT - Message from President N.R. Mandela xxiii
D.L. BLOCK t - Changing perceptions of the morphology and dust content in
galaxies * 1
M. DISNEY - How cold could galaxies be? 21
W. W. DULEY - Temperature fluctuations and very cold dust 29
J.C. MATHERt - The interstellar medium as observed by COBE 34
R.J. ALLEN - Molecular gas in spiral galaxies 50
O.C. DE JAGER - Cold dust signatures on SNR gamma ray spectra 61
J.A. FROGEd, A.C. QUILLEN AND R.W. POGGE - Optical and infrared
images of galaxies: What's to be learned?* 65
R.B. TULLyt AND M.A.W. VERHEIJEN - Optical, IR and HI observations of
a large complete cluster sample 84
M.W. REGAN - The relationship between near IR extinction and CO emission 98
C. Xu AND V. BUAT - Extinction and dust column density in spiral disks
from FIR vs UV-Optical comparison 105
D.L. DEPOY, A.C. QUILLEN, A. BERLIND AND S.V. RAMIREZ - The effects
of supergiants on the infrared light distribution in galaxies 109
R.E. WHITE III - Reflections at the Registration Desk 113
R.E. WHITE III, W.C. KEEL AND C.J. CONSELICE - Distribution and Con-
tent of dust in overlapping galaxy systems 114
J. MAYO GREENBERGt AND A. LI - Evolution and emission of cold, warm
and hot dust populations in diffuse and molecular clouds 118
Y.J. PENDLETON - Organics and ices in galactic dust 135
viii CONTENTS
G.S. WRIGHT, A. BRIDGER, T.R. GEBALLE AND Y. PENDLETON - Studies
of NIR dust absorption features in the nuclei of Active and IRAS galaxies 143
K. SELLGREN - Tiny grains and large molecules in the Milky Way and other
galaxies 151
N. BROSCH AND B. BILENKO - The role of UV observations in understanding
dust and its morphology 155
G.R. CARRUTHERS - Studies of interstellar dust and gas with the far ultra-
violet cameras and far ultraviolet imaging spectrograph space shuttle in-
vestigations 159
B.J. SMITH - High spatial resolution 50 and 100 micron KAO observations of
infrared-bright galaxies 170
L.E. KUCHINSKI AND D.M. TERNDRUP - Infrared photometry and dust ab-
sorption in highly inclined spiral galaxies 178
G.C. CLAYTON - The nature of interstellar dust in Local Group galaxies from
observations of extinction and polarization 183
P. BOISSE AND S. THORAVAL - Structure in the distribution of the dust and
its impact on extragalactic studies 187
N.D. KYLAFIS AND E.M. XILOURIS - Determination ofthe 3D dust distribu-
tion in spiral galaxies 195
E. EMSELLEM - A 3D dust model for the Sombrero galaxy 203
1.S. GLASS - Doubling of the infrared flux from NGC1068: a circumnuclear
dust torus? 207
R.E. GRIFFITHst, K.U. RATNATUNGA, S. CASERTANO, M. 1M, N. ROCHE,
L.W. NEUSCHAEFER, R.S. ELLIs, G.F. GILMORE, R.A.W. ELSON,
A. ABRAHAM, K GLAZEBROOK, B. SANTIAGO, R.F. GREEN, V. SARA
JEDINI AND J.P. HUCHRA - Resolving the faint galaxy excess with HST:
Results from the Medium Deep Survey 211
G. BERTIN t - Spiral structure in galaxies: Competition and cooperation of
gas and stars 227
R.A. GONZALEZ, G. BRUZUAL A., G. MAGRIS C. AND J.R. GRAHAM -
Color gradients in M99: Stellar populations or dust? 243
P. GROSB0L AND P .A. PATSIS - Amplitude and shape of spiral arms in J('
(*) 251
S. COURTEAU t - The bulge/disk connection in late-type spirals 255
D. CALZETTI - Dust in starburst galaxies: From the ultraviolet to the near
infrared 271
D.M. ELMEGREEN - Near-infrared surface photometry of barred spiral galax-
~ 2~
E. ATHANASSOULA - Barred galaxies in the near-IR: Observations and dy-
namical implications 28~
CONTENTS ix
A. BOSMA - Morphology and dynamics of a few giant galaxies with low surface
brightness disks 287
D. PFENNIGER, L MARTINET AND F. COMBES - Secular evolution of galaxy
morphologies 291
T.Y. STEIMAN-CAMERON - Dusty disks and the structure of early-type galax-
Ies 301
P. HODGEt - Dust and gas in Local Group galaxies 309
R.M. RICH, K.J. MIGHELL, J.D. NEILL AND W.L. FREEDMAN - The nuclear
regions of M31, M32 and M33 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope* 325
R. CHINIt AND E. KRUGEL - Gas and dust in normal and active galaxies 329
P. ANDREANI AND A. FRANCESCHINI - mm observations of IRAS galaxies:
Dust properties, luminosity functions and contributions to the sub-mm
background 345
N. NEININGER AND M. GUELIN - Mapping the cold dust in edge-on galaxies
at 1.2mm wavelength* 349
B. CUNOW AND W.F. WARGAU - Internal absorption in spiral galaxies using
four colours 353
N. DEVEREuxt - Dust in galaxies: A far infrared perspective 357
E.J. DE GEUS t - Search for cold molecular gas 373
F. GARZON, P.L. HAMMERSLEY, X. CALBET, T.J. MAHONEY AND
M. LOPEZ-CORREDOIRA - Galactic structure and morphology of the
Milky Way from the TMGS 388
A.P. FAIRALL, P.A. WOUDT AND R.C. KRAAN-KORTEWEG - Unveiling
large-scale structures behind the Milky Way 396
P. GOUDFROOIJ - The distribution of dust and gas in elliptical galaxies* 400
F. MACCHETTO, N. CAON, W.B. SPARKS AND M. PASTORIZA - The ionized
gas in early-type galaxies 408
D.A. FORBES - HST imaging of the dust in kinematically distinct core ellip-
ticals 416
J. LEQUEUxt AND M. GUELIN - Dust and gas in the outer parts of galaxies 422
J. SCHAEFER - Dust spectra ofthe Milky Way: Primordial molecular hydrogen
and helium in the outer Galaxy 435
D. PFENNIGER - Fundamental aspects of the ISM fractality* 439
C. CARIGNAN - The DM-HI connection 447
F. COMBEst AND D. PFENNIGER - Very cold gas and dark matter 451
B.G. ELMEGREEN - Constraints on the surface density of gas in outer galaxy
disks from stability analyses 467
J .A. GRAHAM - The changing circumstellar environment of young stars 480
D.P. CRUIKSHANK - Interstellar dust in the solar system 485
x CONTENTS
D. WARD-THOMPSON AND N.E. JESSOP - Pre-stellar cores and the initial
conditions for star formation 489
A. CIMATTI - Dust and Morphology of high redshift radio galaxies: Clues from
scattering 493
P.J. FRANCIS, R.J. WEBSTER, B.A. PETERSON, M.J. DRINKWATER AND
F.J. MASCI -Dust obscured Quasars 501
C.D. IMPEY - The opacity of low surface brightness galaxies and their contri-
bution to Quasar absorption* 505
P.M. KNEZEK - The morphology of massive, gas-rich low surface brightness
galaxies 509
G.J. STACEY, T.L. HAYWARD, G.E. GULL AND H. LATVAKOSKI - 38 micron
images of galaxies: The infrared luminosity 513
Poster Papers
N. BROSCH - Dust in early-type galaxies: New results on the wavelength de-
pendence of the extinction 521
R.L.M. CORRADI, J.E. BECKMAN, M.S. DEL RIO, A. DI BARTOLOMEO AND
E. SIMONNEAU - New radiative transfer models of disc galaxies and the
scale-length test for dust diagnostics 523
J.1. DAVIES, M. TREWHELLA AND H. JONES - The distribution of cold dust
within the Galaxy 525
P.J. FRANCIS AND B.E. WOODGATE - Detection of extended dust in a radio-
quiet galaxy at redshift 2.38 52E
T.J. MAHONEY, P.L. HAMMERSLEY, M. LOPEZ-CORREDOIRA, F. GARZON
AND X. CALBET - Extinction in the direction of the end-of-bar star for-
mation region 53(
X. CALBET, M. LOPEZ-CORREDOIRA, P.L. HAMMERSLEY, T. MAHONEY,
F. GARZON AND J.E. BECKMAN - Sampling the bar population 53~
P.L. HAMMERSLEY, T. MAHONEY, F. GARZON, X. CALBET AND M. LOPEZ-
CORREDOIRA - Chasing shadows in the TMGS 53,
1.S. GLASS - Imaging the inner Galaxy* 531
M.A. GREENHOUSE, S. SATYAPAL, H.A. SMITH, C.E. WOODWARD, J. FIS-
CHER, W.J. FORREST, J. PIPHER AND D.M. WATSON - Fabry-Perot
imaging of dust grain processing in M82 53'
W.K. HUCHTMEIER - The HI content of a complete sample of Sa galaxies 54
N.H. IBRAGIMOV - Massive galactic halos and dark matter: Unusual proper-
ties of neutrinos in the de Sitter Universe 54
R.J. IVISON AND E.N. ARCHIBALD - Dust in a radio galaxy at z=4.25 54
J. MURTHY, D.T. HALL, R.C. HENRY AND J.B. HOLBERG - Voyager obser-
vations of dust scattered starlight 54