New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 5 Supplement

616 Pages·2008·169.73 MB·English

by  Ephraim Stern (ed.)

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LOPED lA
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EPHRAIM STERN, Editor
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
HILLEL GEVA, ALAN PARIS, Associate Editors
Israel Exploration Society
JOSEPH AVIRAM, Editorial Director
Israel Exploration Society
ISRAEL EXPLORATION SOCIETY BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY
Jerusalem Washington, DC
This volume was published with the support of
The Dorot Foundation
The Leon Levy Foundation
The Lila Gruber Research Foundation
The Reuben and Edith Hecht Foundation
George S. Blumenthal
John and Carol Merrill
Samuel D. Turner, Esq.
Lewis M Dubroff, MD.
Michael and Judy Steinhardt
ISBN 978-965-221-068-5
© Copyright 2008
The Israel Exploration Society
Jerusalem
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Editorial Board Editorial Advisors
DANBAHAT HERSHEL SHANKS
University of Toronto Biblical Archaeology Society
Bar-Ilan University
SUZANNE F. SINGER
UZIDAHARI Biblical Archaeology Society
Israel Antiquities Authority
Advisory Board
GIDEON FOERSTER
OFER BAR-YOSEF
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Harvard University
AVIGOPHER
AMNON BEN-TOR
Tel Aviv University
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
RAPHAEL GREENBERG
PHILIP KING
Tel Aviv University Boston College
ELIEZER D. OREN AVRAHAM RONEN
Ben-Gurion University University of Haifa
RONNY REICH LAWRENCE E. STAGER
University of Haifa Harvard University
MYRIAM ROSEN-AYALON DAVID USSISHKIN
Hebrew University of Jerusalem Tel Aviv University
'
Manuscript Editor
BEN GORDON
Bibliographer
NIRANAVEH
Editorial Assistants and Translators
ESSA CINDORF
DANA COHEN
MICHAEL GUGENHEIMER
SHELLEY SADER
ZVI SCHNEIDER
Graphics
RAVIT NENNER-SORIANO
Typesetting
YONI GAMLIEL
Tavim Publishing
Layout
AVRAHAM PLADOT
Printing
OLD CITY PRESS
Editor's Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction ............................................................. x
Users' Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Alphabetical List of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Alphabetical List of Entries ................................................ xvii
Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
List of Color Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxm
Entries .............................................................. 1553
Bibliographic Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2086
Map Reference Points and Time Periods of Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2117
Chronological Tables ................................................... 2126
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131
Index to Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 7
..
Index to Places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2144
Color Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . following 2152
ix
In 1990, the archaeological community observed the centenary of archaeo names are used to designate the geographical regions examined in the
logical activity in the Holy Land. Sir Flinders Petrie, excavating at Tell encyclopedia. Some are ancient, such as Canaan, Judea, Ammon, Moab,
el-Besi, laid the foundations for stratigraphic research into the region's Philistia, Transjordan, and Palestine; others are modem, such as Israel,
mounds in 1890. Ever since, archaeological expeditions have surveyed Jordan, and Syria. The editors have done their professional best to main
and excavated its prehistoric and historic sites. These activities expanded tain consistency and scope, in order to achieve cohesiveness in presenting
rapidly both in scope and expertise during the British Mandate (1918- this mass of information. The conclusions and opinions in these volumes
1948), and even more so in the years that followed. Ancient sites have been are, however, those of the contributors and must remain their responsibil
discovered in Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan by local and ity. Other interpretations of the findings at a site can often be found in
visiting teams, and research methods have constantly improved, increas works mentioned in the appended bibliographies.
ing our knowledge of the Holy Land throughout its history. The map appearing on this volume's endpapers shows all sites covered
A multitude of publications bearing directly or indirectly on the archae in Volumes 1-5 of the NEAEH. Map grid references for the sites appearing
ology of the Holy Land appeared over the years-final and preliminary in these volumes are presented as an appendix in table form in the back of
reports on the results of excavations, summaries, monographs, and other this volume. Noted on the same table are the main chronological periods
articles dealing with various periods and topics or with specific sites. Yet represented at each site, a feature new to Volume 5 and an invaluable sum
through most of the twentieth century there was a dearth of reference books marizing tool for scholars and students alike. Indices of site names and
that would enable serious studies of the country and its antiquities. In the personal names have been updated to cover all five volumes, and slightly
early 1960s, the Executive Committee of the Israel Exploration Society revised chronological tables have been brought in the back of the volume.
responded. Joseph Aviram, the society's director, and the late Professor A work of this scope could only have been a team effort. A total of 163
Yigael Yadin recommended the publication of a comprehensive work sum archaeologists contributed to this volume alone. The editors have been
marizing the research being carried out at Israel's inland and maritime sites. guided by the principle that entries on sites should be authored by someone
The publication became the first encyclopedia in Hebrew of archaeologi heading excavations or at least working as part of the expedition. Only in
cal excavations in the Land of Israel. It was published in two volumes in cases when excavators were not available were others invited to contribute.
1970, covering the research through 1968. Some years later, an expanded
A second principle was to invite the latest archaeologist to conduct a dig at
English version was envisioned and Professor Michael Avi-Yonah was
any given site. Authors' names are indicated at the end of each entry.
entrusted with the task. Following his death, the present editor brought the
Heartfelt thanks are due to each of these authors, who contributed the
work to completion. The Encyclopedia ofA rchaeological Excavations in
fruits oft heir research. The Israel Antiquities Authority merits special credit
the Holy Land was updated and published in English between 1975 and
in this regard, given the scope of its archaeological excavation projects and
1978. In the 1980s the need was again felt for a new edition of the ency
encouragement of its staff to contribute to this volume. I would also like to
clopedia to cover the latest discoveries and update existing entries. The
express my gratitude to the members of the editorial board-Dan Bahat,
Executive Committee of the Israel Exploration Society appointed the pres
Uzj Dahari, Gideon Foerster, Avi Gopher, Raphael Greenberg, Eliezer D.
ent editor to this task in 1987, when it was decided to publish a Hebrew
Oren, Ronny Reich, and Myriam Rosen-Ayalon-and to the members of
edition-updated to 1990-and an English edition-updated to 1991. The
the advisory board. Each has contributed to the success of this project. The
Hebrew edition was jointly published by the Israel Exploration Society
bibliographies were meticulously generated and organized by Nira Naveh,
and Carta, the Israel Map and Publishing Company, Ltd. The latter coor
whose arduous efforts merit the highest praise. The map reference points
dinated the editorial process and designed and produced the volumes. The
for sites in Volume 5 were compiled by Yehuda Dagan. The remainder o:(
English edition, Volumes 1--4, was a joint venture of the Israel Exploration
the appended table on which those points appear was composed by Amit
Society, Carta, anq Simon & Schuster's Academic Reference Division.
Re'em, who noted the main chronological periods represented at each site
Since the publication in 1993 of the four volumes of the New Ency
in all five volumes of the work. The manuscript editor of this volume was
clopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (NEAEH),
Ben Gordon, who offered crucial insight and input throughout the editing
archaeological excavations have continued at a staggering pace.: Many
and publication process. I also offer thanks to other assistant manuscript
of the entries of those four volumes quickly became outdated, and the
editors and translators who contributed to the project; to Ravit Nenner
need arose for this volume, which updates the NEAEH to the year 2005.
Soriano for assisting with graphics; to Yoni Gamliel ofTavim Publishing,
It is a joint endeavor of the Israel Exploration Society and the Biblical
the typesetter and layout assistant; and to Avraham Pladot of Old City
Archaeological Society. The Israel Exploration Society is directed by
Press, who loyally and willingly came to our aid at every stage of the proj
Joseph Aviram, who conceived and realized the project. His vision was a
ect, and so competently guided the layout of this massive volume. Finally,
guiding force throughout all of its stages. The Biblical Archaeology Soci
it is with great pleasure that I acknowledge the perseverance, diligence,
ety is directed by Hershel Shanks, whose input has been an invaluable
and devotion of Hillel Geva and Alan Paris, our associate editors.
contribution.
Most of the illustrations in these volumes have been provided by the
The volume contains two types of entries: new entries for sites or topics
authors and the institutions with which they are affiliated, too numerous
not appearing in Volumes 1--4; and updated information for sites in those
to mention here. I extend grateful thanks to all of them and particularly
volumes. In addition to the comprehensive bibliographies compiled by Nira
Naveh for all of the entries in Volume 5, the volume includes bibliographic to the Israel Antiquities Authority, the Israel Museum, the Institute of
updates for sites appearing in Volumes 1--4 that have not been otherwise Archaeology ,at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Ecole Biblique
updated in Volume 5; these are presented in a bibliographic appendix. The et Archeologique Fran<;aise (Jerusalem), the Nelson Glueck School of
bibliographies, like the entries, are updated to the year 2005. Biblical Archaeology of the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), the Pal
The chronological scope of the NEAEH extends from the dawn of estine Exploration Fund (London), the British Museum, the Louvre, the
hWI1an creativity to the Ottoman period, covering the breadt)l and depth of Oriental Institute (University of Chicago), the Department of Antiqui
the history of the Holy Land. The geographical area covered includes the ties of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and the American Center of
traditional boundaries of the Holy Land on both sides of the Jordan River. Oriental Research. I would like to make special mention of Gabi Laron,
In Jordan, as in Israel, a very large number of archaeological excavations photographer of the Institute'of Archaeology at the Hebrew University of
have been conducted in recent years. Limited time and resources' left the Jerusalem, whose photographs appear throughout this volume (pp. 1619,
editors no choice but to summarize the main discoveries at sites in Jordan 1625-1643,1678,1719,1749,1750,1779,1780,1799,1801,1816,1936-
since 1991 in a single lengthy entry under the heading "Jordan." This entry 1939,2005,2014-2016,2030-2034,2037,2053,2054, Color Pis. II, XIX,
is subdivided according to major chronological and geographical divisions XX, XXIV-XXVI).
(excluding, unfortunately, much of prehistory). The presentation of Jor I wish to end on a personal note. Every editor is interested in serving
dan's archaeology thus resembles other overviews of geographical regions the audience he or she addresses. From the reception ofthe previous edi
in the NEAEH. Consequently, the more important sites in Jordan are not tions, I understood how important this encyclopedia is to researchers and
presented as individual entries in Volume 5, meaning that certain'sites of all those interested in the archaeology and history of the Holy Land. It has
lesser importance in Israel are given somewhat more thorough treatment also been my desire to continue the production of the encyclopedia for the
than sites arguably of much greater importance in Jordan. Despite this, benefit of my colleagues, those true stalwarts whose love of the land is
every effort has been made to cover the full breadth of archaeological revealed in their life's work. Their enthusiasm and expertise have been a
~qujry in the region with special attention to its more notable sites. source of inspiration to me throughout my professional life. To all of them,
"T he
editors have striven to maintain the tone of the many voices and the this work is dedicated.
terminological preferences of the individual contributors, while adhering
to the stylistic guidelines established in Volumes 1--4. A variety of proper EPHRAIM STERN
X
In the seventeen years since the publication of the first four volumes of on specific historical questions and on general linguistic developments and
this encyclopedia, the steadily expanding pace and range of archaeol?gi~al the spread of literacy. The excavation of the Samaritan Temple compound
investigation of the Holy Land and adjacent a:eas has ~roduced sigm~­ on the summit of Mount Gerizim has uncovered the structure and plan of
cant new data on the ancient sites, history, social evolutiOn, and matenal this major religious shrine, and has also answered some important and
culture of the region-and thereby necessitated the present updated addi lingering questions about the date of the Samaritan schism.
tion to the original four-volume work. This volume contains both new Jerusalem, always a focus of archaeological research, has witnessed a
and revised site entries, reflecting not only the increase in archaeological period of excavation and discovery unparalleled since the early 1970s.
knowledge, but also the intensification of multidisciplinary collaboration Renewed excavations in the City of David have widened our understand
between archaeologists, historians, environmental scientists, information ing of the evolution of the city through the Bronze and Iron Ages and have
technologists, and archaeometric specialists in recent years. Indeed, since
contributed new information-if not a final resolution-to the archaeo
the 1970s as the number of excavated and carefully documented sites
logical study of the origins of the Israelite monarchy. Excavations on the
has dram~tically increased, more precise laboratory analyses and dating
summit have revealed monumental structures and work further down the
methods, along with the increasing use of cross-cultural comparisons and
slope has uncovered a range of important fortifications and water instal
anthropological models, have further transformed the scope and nature of
lations established in the Middle Bronze Age. The identification of the
archaeological work in the Holy Land. Volume 5 of the New Encyclopedia
nearby Pool of Siloam of the Herodian period represents a major addi
of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land is intended to provide
tion to the archaeology of the New Testament. Elsewhere in the city, a
scholars, students, and general readers with an authoritative and up-to
wide range of rescue excavations prompted by plans for new construc
date compilation of the new information and the new approaches to and
tion or conservation concerns--detailed in the updated entry on Jerusalem
interpretations of the material finds.
in this volume-have substantially expanded the current archaeological
Archaeological work in the Holy Land in recent decades has been
understanding of the city's evolution and material life through the Roman,
particularly characterized by increasing cooperation between local and
Byzantine, Umayyad, and later periods.
foreign universities, government antiquities services, and international
On the regional level, archaeological research in Jordan has also steadily
research institutes. Since the conclusion of the 1994 peace treaty between
expanded and developed in recent years, tracing the material culture of
Jordan and Israel and with the steady growth of academic departments and
the regions east of the Jordan River from the earliest prehistoric epochs
archaeological institutes in Israel and Jordan, a greatly expanded range of
through the Ottoman period. The work at the major tell sites and classi
scholarly contacts, exchange visits, and research collaboration has offered
cal cities has continued, accompanied by a variety of more specialized
a wider regional vision, complementing the already important connections
research projects that have focused on aspects of resource extraction and
established with archaeologists working in other parts ofthe Near East and
inter-regional trade. Among the notable excavations over the most recent
Mediterranean basin. The effect on archaeological scholarship has been to
decades are the research at the Great Temple at Petra and the discovery
promote deeper investigation of complex questions of ancient ethnicity,
of the carbonized papyrus scrolls in the Petra Church. The Jabal l:famrat
cultural contact, economics, and environmental evolution, thereby deep
Fidan Project has examined the processes of copper .extraction and smelt
ening our understanding of the material context of the Bible and other
ing through the Bronze and Iron Ages and the continuing study of the major
ancient Near Eastern texts.
trade routes in all periods has offered valuable evidence of East-West
The day-to-day structure of archaeological work has also shifted, with the
cultural and commercial interaction. Together with important finds of the
excavation of major tell and urban sites now augmented by an increasing
Byzantine-Early Islamic transition period-including the fourth-century
emphasis on regional surveys and the excavation of rural and one-period
church and seventh-century mosque at Ayla-Aqaba and the eighth-century
sites. The pressure of modem urban and industrial development through
church at Umm er-Rasas-the complex archaeological history of Jordan
out the region has lent urgency to the work of surface documentation and
offers an essential component of the overall archaeological understanding
rescue excavations, and both have contributed a significant proportion of
of the Holy Land.
the information included in this volume. Greater technical precision in the
As always, contemporary political and ideological developments have
analysis of faunal and floral remains continues to add new dimensions to
had far reaching effects-both positive and negative--on the conduct of
the reconstruction of ancient material life. At the same time, the expan
archaeological research in the Holy Land. Scholarly debates over bibli
sion of maritime archaeology and environmental studies has enriched the
cal historicity remain a contentious subject that is sometimes carelessly
traditional emphasis on historical events and cultures with anthropologi
or unconsciously injected as a factor in modem political and religious
cally based studies of human adaptation, not only in the earliest prehistoric
debates. The archaeology of Jerusalem, in particular, remains a sporadic
periods but through the better known periods of antiquity, extending into
focus of contention between archaeologists and traditional religious
the Islamic and Ottoman periods as well.
authorities-even as the continuing archaeological exploration of the city
Excavations at major tell sites such as Dor, Megiddo, Razor, Beth
has underlined its complexity and multicultural legacy. Yet at the same
Shean, Ashkelon, Beth-Shemesh, and Tell es-Safi, among others, have
time, there has also been increasing cooperation between Israeli and Jorda
continued, while the final publications of earlier, important excavations
nian scholars in academic conferences, publications, and public education
have occasioned the expansion and, in some cases, fundamental revision programs designed to heighten public awareness about the value of a
of information included in the earlier volumes of this encyclopedia. In each shared archaeological heritage. Indeed throughout the region, despite con
of the major archaeological periods, our understanding of the development tinuing political and national conflicts, there is a growing recognition of
of material culture in the Holy Land has been substantially advanced. Pre the importance of multidisciplinary and multinational cooperation in the
historic research, combining planned research excavations, salvage work, excavation-and no less important-the conservation and protection of all
and wide ranging survey has shed new light on the development of the classes of archaeological remains.
earliest hunter-gatherer societies and the origins of settled agriculture. The As an important and active branch of world archaeology, the ongoing
study of the development of Bronze Age urbanization and the evolution of research into the ancient material culture of the Holy Land continues to
Iron Age society have been facilitated by a similar diversity of methods, develop and broaden its scope, encompassing an ever broader selection of
with the refinement of relative and absolute chronology and the relation sites, subjects, and themes. Many questions remain to be examined; many
ship of the material remains to events mentioned in biblical, post-biblical, theoretical and historical questions remain to be resolved. Yet it is to be
and external historical sources continuing to be areas of major concern. hoped that this new edition of the New Encyclopedia of Archaeological
Some outstanding individual discoveries-in addition to the cumulative Excavations in the Holy Land will provide general readers and special
work of region-wide excavation and analysis-have shed dramatic light ists alike with invaluable new information on the latest discoveries and
on the biblical and post-biblical periods and are presented in detail in this developments in the ongoing archaeological study of the region's ancient
new volume. Important epigraphic finds such as the "House of David" cultures and archaeological sites.
Inscription from Tel Dan, as well as a Philistine inscription from Ekron
and ostraca from sites such as Tel Zayit have provided important new data NEIL ASHER SILBERMAN
xi
The editors of the encyclopedia have employed well-known standards of of referring to any given site. Readers who do not find an entry they are
style and usage in an effort to maintain conformity in the contributions searching for in the body of the encyclopedia should refer to the index at
of scholars who represent more than one academic tradition. For the sake the back of this volume, which covers all five volumes of the NEAEH.
of consistency, spellings utilized in the previous four volumes have been The index has been designed to guide readers from various alternate
maintained, including the transliteration of Arabic place names. For the forms of names to the one form under which an entry can be found. For
transliteration of Hebrew place names not appearing in the Bible, we have example, under "Ekron" the reader will be directed to "see Miqne, Tel."
followed the system developed by the Academy of Hebrew Language Under "Miqne, Tel" will be listed the page numbers where the article
(Jerusalem); for biblical quotations and the spelling of personal and place on the site known by two names can be found. Similarly, the index will
names appearing in the Bible, the Revised Standard Version of the Bible. guide readers from categories of archaeological sites to particular entries.
Foreign terms that have been adopted into common English usage appear For example, from "Caves" the reader will be directed to particular cave
in roman rather than italic font. sites.
Abbreviations and Symbols. The following abbreviations and special Bibliographies. Citations are generally organized by author in chrono
symbols are used: logical order. Books and journals customarily known by short titles or
acronyms are cited in abbreviated forms. Please refer to the list of abbre
q. v. (quod vide, or which see). This abbreviation directs readers to another viations in the front matter of each volume.
entry containing particularly pertinent information or, in some cases, to Special abbreviations and symbols employed in the bibliographies
another discussion that amplifies a technical point. In survey articles, q.v. include the following:
indicates those sites for which there is a separate entry.
id. (idem., or the same) indicates that the author is the same as in the cita
() [] ... Used in the body of an inscription, these symbols indicate, respec tions that follow. For example,
tively, a suggested reconstruction, missing letter(s) or word(s), or an
incomplete text. E. Stern,JEJ23 (1973), 256-257; 24 (1974), 266-268; 26 (1976), 49-50,
199-200; id., RB 82 (1975), 254-257; id., ASOR Newsletter (Aug. 1977),
A dot above a letter in the context of an inscription indicates that the read 4-7; id., BA 40(1977), 89-90); id., Temples and High Places in Biblical
ing is uncertain. Times, Jerusalem 1977, 35-36.
Map Reference Numbers. A table has been provided indicating the map ibid. (ibidem, or in the same place) is used when a publication is the same
reference numbers of the sites. The map coordinates for the New and Old in consecutive citations, although not necessarily with the same volume
Israel Grids are included, according to the grid system established by the and number (in the case of journals) or the same edition (in the case of·
Survey of Israel. books). For example,
Site Survey Numbers. Survey numbers appear in certain entries that refer D.W. Thomas, PEQ 72 (1940), 148-149; G. W.Ahlstrom, ibid. 112 (1980),
to as yet unpublished survey maps. Their inclusion is intended to facilitate 7-9; 115 (1983), 103-104; G. I. Davies, ibid .. 114 (1982), 25-28; 117
research once the maps become available. (1985), 92-96.
Carbon-14 Testing. The codes that appear in the text for carbon-14 test (Review) or (Reviews) appearing after a citation indicates that the sub
results are developed from the abbreviation for the laboratory in which the sequent periodicals include reviews of the preceding cited work. For
test was performed (e.g., GrN= Groningen) and the number of the sample. example,
For lists of laboratories, their locations and the abbreviations used in the
text, see issues of Radiocarbon, published by the American Journal of A. Chambon, Tell el-Far'ah I (Reviews), Paleorient 10/2 (1984), 130-
Science. 131.-Syria 61 (1984), 339-340.-ZDPV 101 (1985), 178-183.-Archiv
fur Orientforschung 35 (1988), 236--237.
Glossary. A glossary of technical, geographic, art historical and archi
tectural terms can be found in the back of this volume. It constitutes an The dash in front of the periodical indicates additional reviews ofthe same
updated version of the glossary appearing in the back ofVolume 4. previously cited work.
Index to Places. Historical, national and scholarly traditions, along with *An asterisk following page numbers indicates the pages of the English
the vagaries of transliteration systems, have generated numerous ways text in a bilingual journal such as Eretz-Israel.
xiii
The following list includes authors of this volume only. Entries cited are in many instances co-authored.
For a complete directory of authors of each entry, see Alphabetical List of Entries. (d.=deceased).
'Ad, Uzi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Biran, Avraham; Hebrew Union College; [email protected]
Nal).al Tanninim Reservoir; Shoham Dan
Adan-Bayewitz, David; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected] Braun, Eliot; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Kefar I:Iananya l:forvat 'IIlin Tal:ltit; Palmal:lim Quarry
Aizik, Naftali; Staff Officer of Archaeology-Civil Administration of Judea and Bunimovitz, Shlomo; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Samaria; [email protected] Beth-Shemesh
DeirQal'a Covello-Paran, Karen; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Alexandre, Yardenna; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] 'Ein el-I:Iilu (Migdal ha-'Emeq)
'En I:Iofez; Nal).al Tut Cytryn-Silverman, Katia; Hebrew University pf Jerusalem; [email protected]
Amit, David; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Jordan
Jerusalem Dag, Doron; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Anati, Emmanuel; Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici; [email protected] Ashkelon
Mount Karkom Dahari, Uzi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Arav, Rami; University of Nebraska at Omaha; [email protected] l:forvat l:fani; Shoham; l:forvat Tinshemet (St. Bacchus Church)
Bethsaida ( et-Tell) Damati, Emanuel; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Artzy, Michal; University of Haifa; [email protected] Khirbet el-Muraq (l:filkiah's Palace); Safed
Tell Abu Hawam; Tel Nami Dar, Shimon; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected]
Arubas, Benny; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected] l:forvat Bira; l:forvat Raqit; l:forvat Sumaqa
Beth-Shean; Elusa; Jerusalem; Masada De-Groot, Alon; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Aviam, Mordechai; University of Rochester; Institute for Galilean Archaeology; Moza
[email protected] Dessel, J.P.; University of Tennessee; [email protected]
I:Iorvat 'Ovesh; Yodfat Tel 'En Z:ippori
Avissar, Miriam; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Dothan, Trude; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Ha-Bonim; Lod Tel Miqne (Ekron)
Avner, Rina; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Eirikh-Rose, Anna; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Jerusalem Moza
Avner, Uzi; Arava Institute for Environmental Studies; [email protected] Eisenberg, Emanuel; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Eilat Region Tel Te'o
Avni, Gideon; Israel Aptiquities Authority; [email protected] Eitan, Avraham; Israel Antiquities Authority
Jerusalem; Ramla Vered Yeril:lo
Avshalom-Gomi, Dina; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Erickson-Gini, Tali; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Tel Tannin Oboda
Ayalon, Etan; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected] Eshel, Hanan; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected]
l:forvat Migdal Khirbet Yattir
Bahat, Dan; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected] Figueras, Pau; Ben-Gurion University; [email protected]
Jerusalem l:forvat Karkur 'Illit
Barbe, Herve; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Finkelstein, Israel; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Ha-Bonim; Safed Megiddo
Barkai, Ran; Tel Aviv University; [email protected] Finkielsztejn, Gerald; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Nal).al l:fadera V; Qesem Cave Kafr Samir
Baruch, Yuval; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Fischer, Moshe; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Jerusalem I:Iorvat Mazad; Yavneb-Yam; l:forvat Zikhrin
Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Harvard University; [email protected] Fischer, Peter M.; University of Goteborg; [email protected]
Hayonim Cave; Kebara Cave; 'Ubeidiya Tell el-' Ajjul; Jordan
Batz, Shahar; Staff Officer of Archaeology-Civil Administration of Judea and Foerster, Gideon; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Samaria; [email protected] Beth-Shean
KhirbetAristobulia; Khirbet Beit Sila; Khirbet ed-Dawwara (South); Khirbet Ummel Fritz, Volkmar (d.); Deutsches Evangelisches Institut fur Altertumswissenschaft
A~r; Khirbet Umm Deimnah des Heiligen Landes
Baumgarten, Ya'aqov; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Tel Chinnereth
Petura Gal, Zvi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Beit-Arieh, Itzhaq; Tel Aviv University; [email protected] Peqi'in Cave
Tel l:fadid; Tel Mall:lata; l:forvat 'Uza Galili, Ehud; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Ben-David, Chaim; Kinneret Academic College; [email protected] Acco; Marine Archaeology
Deir'Aziz Ganor, Amir; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Ben-Tor, Anmon; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected] I:Iorvat 'Ethri
Razor Garfinkel, Yosef; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Berlin, Andrea; University of Minnesota; [email protected] Ashkelon; Sha'ar ha-Golan
Tel Kedesh (in Upper Galilee) Gendelman, Peter; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
· llienkowski, Piotr; University of Manchester; piotr.a.bienkowski@manchester. Nal:lal Tanninirn Reservoir
.ac.uk Getzov, Nimrod; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Beth Yeral).; Ha-Gosherim; Tel Tannin; I:Iorvat 'U~a
itakov; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Geva, Hillel; Israel Exploration Society; [email protected]
Jerusalem
xiv
Gitin, Seymour; W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research-American Maier, Aren M.; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected]
School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem; [email protected] Tel Zafit
Tel Miqne (Ekron) Ma'oz, Zvi Uri; Golan Research Institute; [email protected]
Givon, Shmuel; Talpiot College; [email protected] Banias; Deir 'Aziz
Tell:Iarasim Mazar, Amihai; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Golani, Amir; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Beth-Shean; Tel Rel;tov
QiryatAta Mazar, Eilat; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Shalem Center; emazar@mscc.
Goldfus, Haim; Ben-Gurion University; [email protected] huji.ac.il
Elusa; Jerusalem; Masada Achzib; Jerusalem
Gopher, Av i; Tel Aviv University; [email protected] Mazor, Gabi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Nal;tali:Iadera V; Qesem Cave Beth-Shean
Goren-lnbar, Naama; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Meyers, Carol; Duke University; [email protected]
Gesher Benot Ya'aqov
Tel 'En Zippori
Goring-Morris, A. Nigel; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Meyers, Eric; Duke University; [email protected]
Kefar ha-I:Ioresh
Tel 'En Zippori
Gorzalczany, Amir; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Miroschedji, Pierre de; Centre National de !a Recherche Scientifique; pdm@crfj.
Petura; Ramla
org.il
Greenberg, Raphael; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Tel Jarmuth; Tell es-Sakan
Beth Yeral;t
Nachlieli, Dov; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Greenhut, Zvi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Ashdod-Yam
I:Iorvat l:Ienneshit; Moza
Nadel, Dani; University of Haifa; [email protected]
Grosman, Leore; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Ohalo II
I:Iilazon Tal;ttit Cave
Netzer, Ehud; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Gutfeld, Oren; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Herodium; Jericho; Masada
Hyrcania; Ramla; Tiberias
Onn, Alexander; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Hadas, Gideon; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Petura; Khirbet Umm el-'Umdan (Modi'in)
En-Gedi
Halpern, Baruch; Penn State University; [email protected] Oshri, Aviram; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Megiddo Bethlehem of Galilee
Har-Even, BerDamin; Staff Officer of Archaeology-Civil Administration of Overman, J. Andrew; Macalester College; [email protected]
Judea and Samaria; [email protected] I:Iorvat Omrit
Khirbet el-Qa~r Pamos, Giora (d.); Israel Antiquities Authority
Hartal, Moshe; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Jerusalem
Banias; Nimrod Fortress Patrich, Joseph; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Herbert, Sharon; University of Michigan; [email protected] Caesarea
Tel Kedesh (in Upper Galilee) Paz, Yitzhak; Israeli Institute of Archaeology; [email protected]
Herr, Larry G.; Canadian University College; [email protected] Leviab Enclosure
Jordan Peilstocker, Martin; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Herzog, Zeev; Tel Aviv University; [email protected] Rishon le-Ziyyon; Shuni Cemetery ('Enol Shuni)
Beersheba; Jaffa Peleg, Orit; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Hirschfeld, Yizhar (d.); Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jordan
En-Gedi; Ramal ha-Nadiv; Tiberias Peleg, Yuval; Staff Officer of Archaeology--Civil Administration of Judea and
Hizmi, Hananya; Staff Officer of Archaeology--Civil Administration of Judea Samaria; [email protected]
and Samaria; [email protected] 'Anab el-Kebir; Khirbet Aristobulia; Rujm Jerida
Khirbet el-Beiyudat (Archelais); Jebel Nimra; El-Khirbe Porath, Yosef; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Holum, Kenneth; University of Maryland; [email protected]
Caesarea; Nal;tal Tanninim Reservoir
Caesarea
Pringle, Denys; Cardiff University; [email protected]
Jacobs, Paul F.; Mississippi State University; pfj I @ra.msstate.edu
Belmont Castle ($uba); Burj el-Al;tmar (The Red Tower)
Tell:Ialif
Raban, A vner (d.); University of Haifa
Khalaily, Hamoudi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Caesarea
'Enan; Moza
Reich, Ronny; University of Haifa; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected].
Kletter, Raz; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
ac.il
Yavneh
Jerusalem
Kloner, Amos; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected]
Roll, Israel; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Beth Guvrin; Jerusalem; Judean Hiding Complexes; Mareshab (Marisa)
Apollonia-Arsuf
Kochavi, Moshe (d.); Tel Aviv University
Ronen, Avraham; University of Haifa; [email protected]
'En Gev; Tel Hadar; Leviah Enclosure
Bi?at Rul;tama; Eyal 23; Nal;tal Re'u'el (Site 920)
Kogan-Zehavi, Elena; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Rosen, Baruch; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Ashdod; Jerusalem
Acco; Marine Archaeology
Lederman, Zvi; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Sa 'id, 'Abd el-Salam; Israel Antiquities Authority; aboode I [email protected]
Beth-Shemesh
Lehrer, Yoav; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Nal;tal Tanninim Reservoir
Ha-Bonim Sadeq, Moain; Palestinian Department of Antiquities; [email protected]
Levy, Yosi; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Tell el-'Ajjul; Tell es-Sakan
Rishon le-Ziyyon Safrai, Zeev; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected]
Magen, Yitzhak; Staff Officer of Archaeology--Civil Administration of Judea and I:Iorvat Bira
Samaria; [email protected] Scheftelowitz, Naama; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
'Anab el-Kebir; Deir Qal'a; Mount Gerizim; Nebi Samwil; Khirbet el-Qa~r; Qiryat Sefer Giv'at ha-Oranim; Kabri
(Khirbet Badd '!sa); Rujm Jerida; Khirbet Umm Deimnah Segal, Arthur; University of Haifa; [email protected]
Magness, Jodi; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; [email protected]. Hippos (Sussita)
edu Seligman, Jon; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Khirbet Yattir Beth-Shean; Jerusalem; Nal;tali:Iaggit
~
XV
Shalem, Dina; Institute for Galilean Archaeology; [email protected] Ussishkin, David; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Peqi'in Cave Betar; Tel Jezreel (Yizre'el); Megiddo
Sharukh, Ibrahim; Staff Officer of Archaeology'--Civil Administration for Judea Valla, Fran!(ois R.; Centre National Fran!(ais de Ia Recherche Scientifique;
and Samaria [email protected]
'Anab el-Kebir; Khirbet ed-Dawwara (South); Khirbet el-Qa$r; Rujm Jerida 'Enan
Shavit, Alon; Israeli Institute of Archaeology; [email protected] Vieweger, Dieter; University ofWuppertal; [email protected]
Teli;Iamid Jordan
Shenhav, Eli; Jewish National Fund; [email protected] Weiss, Zeev; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected]
Khirbet Yattir Sepphoris
Shukron, Eli; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Weksler-Bdolah, Shlomit; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Jerusalem Khirbet Umm el-'Umdan (Modi'in)
Smithline, Howard; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Wolff, Samuel; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Peqi'in Cave 'En I;Iagit; Teli;Iamid; Tel Megadim
Stager, Lawrence E.; Harvard University; [email protected] Woodhead, John; British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem; jwoodhead@
Ashkelon heritageintemational.org. uk
Stepansky, Yosef; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Tel Jezreel (Yizre'el)
Rosh Pina; Safed; Tiberias Yadin, Esther; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Stem, Eliezer; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Tel Hadar
A ceo Yannai, Eli; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Stem, Ephraim; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected] Tel Esur; Lod
Dor Yavor, Zvi; Kefar ha-I;Ioresh; hachoresh.org.il
Stiebel, Guy; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected] Gamala
Masada Yeivin, Zeev; Israel Antiquities Authority
Syon, Danny; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Kafr Samir
Gam ala Yron-Lubin, Michal; Tel Aviv University; [email protected]
Tappy, Ron E.; Pittsburgh Theological Seminary; [email protected] I:Iorvat I;Iermeshit
Tel Zayit Zelinger, Yehiel; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected]
Tsafrir, Yoram; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; [email protected] I;Iorvat I;Iani
Beth-Shean Zertal, Adam; University of Haifa; [email protected]
Tsukimoto, Ako; Rikkyo University; [email protected] El-AI;wat
'EnGev Ziffer, Irit; Eretz Israel Museum; [email protected]
Tzaferis, Vassilios; Israel Antiquities Authority; [email protected] Yavneh
Banias Zilberbod, Irina; Staff Officer of Archaeology-Civil Administration of Judea and
Tzionit, Yoav; Staff Officer of Archaeology-----Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria; [email protected]
Samaria; [email protected] Jerusalem
Qiryat Sefer (Khirbet Badd '!sa) Zissu, Boaz; Bar-Ilan University; [email protected]
Urman, Dan (d.); Ben-Gurion University I;Iorvat 'Ethri; Jerusalem; Judean Hiding Complexes
Nessana