Index Academic program cost-effectiveness Business Higher Education Forum, 31, 38 measures, fl Cabrini College (Philadelphia), informa¬ Accountability: active listening and, 6, 9; tion technology infrastructure at (case assessing performance and, 6, 9; clari¬ example): academic IT collaborations fying goals and, 6, 9; to constituent and, 115-116; background, 112-113; groups, 6-7; costs of, 7; definition of, financial benefits and, 118-110; 6- 7; financial statement audits and, improvements in, 117-118; institu¬ 7- 8; initiatives for, 31; institutional cul¬ tional culture differences and, 116-117; ture and, 9; leadership/govemance and, as model for other academic-lT 9; quality and efficiency and, 8; stew¬ alliances, 118, 120; partnership with ardship and, 6; strategic thinking and, Drexel University and, 113-120 6, 9; student learning and, 24-26; tech¬ Carnevale, D., 124, 128 niques for defining, 6, 8-9. See also Center for Academic Transformation, 31 Middle States Commission on Higher Changing Directions project, 31 Education, assessment standards of; Chronicle of Higher Education, 127, 128 University System of Maryland, institu¬ College Board, 78, 81, 82, 85 tional transformation at (case example) Colvin, G., 30, 38 Administrative cost reductions, examples Commonfund, 105, 107, 110 of, 9-10 Competition: models of, 97; quality and, Application service provider (ASP), 31; among providers, 5 113-114 Constituencies, 6-7. See also Shareholders Assessment: of institutional effectiveness, Customers: discriminatory knowledge 16-24; of student learning, 16, 24-26. and expectations of, 5 See also Middle States Commission on Higher Education, assessment stan¬ Dakota roundtable initiative, 35-37 dards of Deil-Amen, R., 127, 128 Attainment: higher education response Dickinson College, tuition/aid policies to, 30-31; increased expectations of, of (case example): background, 87; 29-30; quality issues in increasing, 30 benchmarking data and, 90; program Attainment/quality/productivity, in higher branding and, 93; data analysis and, education. Sec Institutional quality/ 89-90; data on student characteristics effectiveness improvement and, 88; decision support and, 88-91; Audience, targeting of, 92-93 identifying the audience and, 92-93; institutional vision/mission and, 97; Baldridge National Quality Award Pro¬ logistical regression enrollment pro¬ gram, 63, 73 jection model and, 88-89, 95; mar¬ Barak, R.J., 51, 53, 61 keting the program and, 91-92; Baum, S., 31, 38, 78,81,85 organizational vision and, 91; pricing Beebower, G., 102, 110 and aid strategies and, 93-96; pro¬ Berdahl, R. O, 29, 38 gram results and, 96-98; Sinha tutor¬ Blumenstyk, G., 121, 125, 128 ial and, 89; strategic planning and, Branding, institutional characteristics 96-97; student life surveys and, 90; and,93 Tuition Plan 11 and, 96 Breneman, D. W., 121, 128 Dowd, A. C., 52, 61 Brinson, G., 102, 110 Dressel, P., 15, 18 Brown, J. S., 114, 120 Drucker, P., 30, 38 139 140 Strategic Financial Challenges and, 76; long-term perspective and, Edler, F. H. W., 13 82-83; merit-based vs. need-based, 44; Education Commission of the States, Oklahoma Promise scholarship pro¬ 126,127, 128 gram and, 34-35; political and eco¬ Efficiency and Effectiveness Program nomic agenda and, 75; short-term vs. Review Model (EEPRM); applications long-term perspective and, 82. See also of, 54; benefits of, 57; efficiency/effec¬ Dickinson College, tuition/aid policies tiveness measures and, 59,61; elements of (case example) . . . , of, 57; information ma'rix and, 54, 57; Financial statement audits, institutional institutional outcomes and, 53; perfor¬ accountability and, 7-8 mance variables and, 54; purpose ol, Floyd, C. E., 121, 127, 128 59; tenets of, 54 For-profit colleges; ability to change ol, Efficiency, definition of, 6 125; accountability framework lor, Efficiency improvement: academic pro¬ 122-123; advantages of, 122; chal¬ gram cost-effectiveness and, 11; active lenges for, 126-127; classification ele¬ listening and, 6, 9; administrative cost ments for, 127; diversity patterns at, reductions and, 9-10; applications of, 124; economic opportunities and, 9-12; assessing performance and, 6, 9; 124; enrollment/degree patterns at, clarifying goals and, 6, 9; Effectiveness ^ 23-124; enterprise institutions and, and Efficiency Initiative (University 122; expanding mission of, 123; fed¬ System of Maryland) and, 44-47; insti¬ eral legislation and, 125-126; finan¬ tutional culture and, 9; leadership/gov¬ cial aid and, 126; financing of, 125; ernance and, 9; operations and, 6; fraud at, 123; future study of, 127; process improvements and, 10; reten¬ health sciences and, 123; increase m, tion initiatives and, 10-11; strategic 121, 124; lessons for community col¬ thinking and, 6, 9; student success leges from, 127; multicampus corpo¬ measures and, 11; targeted aid and, 12; rations and, 122; operating norms of, techniques for defining, 6,8-9. See also 122; student loan default rate and, Efficiency and Effectiveness Program 123; studies on, 121; types of, 122 Review Model (EEPRM); Mohave Foster, A., 124, 128 Community College, institutional per¬ Franchising, 133 formance improvement and (case Friedman, T., 30, 38 example); Productivity improvement Furst-Bowe, J., 13 Endowments; advantages of, 99, 105-106; asset allocation and, 102-104; current Cinder, S. A., 124, 128 spending vs. accumulation and, Globalization, and higher education; 108-109; determining expenditures cost-price squeeze and, 135; costs ol and, 106-107; institutional quality global programs and, 137-138; exam¬ and', 109; operating budget and, ples of, 132-133; financial stakehold¬ J04-106; return on investment ers and, 134; franchising and, 133, and 100-104; size of, 109; sources of 137' GATT talks and, 134; global edu¬ growth of, 101-102; spending policies cation goals and, 134; hub-and-spoke and, 107-109; statistics on, 99-100; distribution model and, 132; institu¬ uses of, 104-107 tional mission and, 135; international Ewell, P. T., 52, 61 students and, 134; international views of higher education and, 134; loss ol Farnsworth, K. A., 127, 128 tuition and, 137-148; outsourced Financial aid; ability- vs. willingness-to- modularization and, 132; place-based pay objective and, 83; analytical institutional identity and, 133, quality approaches to policies on, 82-85, control and, 136, 138; rationale lor changing goals of, 75; distribution of cross-border activities and, 136, rea¬ aid and, 78, 80; equity vs. efficiency sons for small impact on, 133-134; and, 84-85; expenditure vs. discount research funding and, 135-136; risks view and, 83-84; historic role of, 75; of global approaches and, 137; science student impact of changing policies shift to Asia and, 135; state support on, 80-82; increasing financing gap Index 141 and, 135; twinning and, 132-133; eco¬ and, 51-52; quality issues and, 30; nomic impact of, 131; international¬ requirements for sustaining progress ization and, 131-133; production/ on, 37; state policy initiatives (exam¬ distribution process of, 131-132 ples) and, 31-37; strategic planning Globalization model, of distribution, 132 and, 31, 37-38; transformation of expectations and, 30; trans-institutional Hagel,J., 114, 120 perspective and, 37; tuition discount¬ Hanson, D. J., 13 ing and, 31. See also Accountability; Henry, T. C., 53, 61 Attainment; Dickinson College, tuition/ Hentscbke, G. A., 121, 123, 124, 125, 129 aid policies (case example); Efficiency Hersh, R. H., 13 improvement; Mohave Community Higher education. See For-profit colleges; College, institutional performance Globalization, and higher education; improvement and (case example); Pro¬ Higher education market; Institutional ductivity improvement; Quality quality/effectiveness improvement; improvement; University of Wisconsin- and by specific institution/topic Stout, institutional quality/effectiveness Higher Education Act, 15 improvement at (case example); Uni¬ Higher education market: competitive versity System of Maryland, institutional environment of, 5; complexities of, 5-6; transformation at (case example) customer expectations/knowledgeabil- ity and, 5; quality and advancement in, Jansen, P., 108-109, 110 8; revenues and, 6; shareholder goals JBL Associates, 126, 128 in, 6. See also Competition Hood, L. R., 102, no Kaplan University, 123, 128 Hub-and-spoke model, of distribution, 132 Keller, G., 29, 38 Kelly-Reid,j. E., 124, 128 Information technology (IT); application Kentucky Postsecondary Improvement service providers and, 113-114; Act, House Bill 1, 32-33 Intemei provision of, 114; financing dif¬ Kinser, K., 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, ficulties for, 111-112; provider arrange¬ 128 ments and, 113-114. See also Cabrini Knapp, L. G., 124, 128 College (Philadelphia), information technology infrastructure at (case Lapovsky, L., 31, 38, 78, 85, 90, 96, 98, example) 99,110 Institutional effectiveness, assessment of. Lingenfelter, P. E., 30, 38 5ee Assessment; Middle States Com¬ Loomis Hubbell, L. W., 90, 96, 98 mission on Higher Education, assess¬ ment standards of Mapping the Global Future, 135, 138 Institutional quality/effectiveness improve¬ Marketing, in higher education, 91 ment: accountability initiatives and, Massa, R. j.,90, 96, 98 31; broad ownership and continuity Mets, L. A., 51,53, 61 and, 37-38; commitment and shared Michael, S. O, 13 rewards and, 38; competition and, 31, Middle States Commission on Higher 37; Dakota roundtable initiative and, Education, 15-17, 28 35-37; federal education initiatives Middle States Commission on Higher and. 111; higher education reform Education, assessment standards of: and, 30-31; information system and, accountability and, 27; compliance 37; inputs and, 31; Kentucky Postsec¬ requirements and, 16; faculty teaching ondary Improvement Act, House Bill 1 loads and, 21-23; follow-up and, 17; and, 32-33; knowledge economy and, grading practices and, 15, 24; institu¬ 30; leadership and, 37; monitoring tional mission and, 16; institutional and maintenance and, 38; Oklahoma outcome measures and, 23-24; plan¬ Promise scholarship program and, ning and resource allocation and, 17, 34-35; P*Q*P initiative (Illinois) and, 19-21; student learning and, 16, 31-32; program review/management 24-26; student learning assessment 142 Strategic Financial Challenges measures and, 26-27; student opinion processes and, 51-52. See also Efficiency surveys and, 17-19 and Effectiveness Program Review Miller, E., 124, 128 Model (EEPRM) Mills, K., 52, 61 Pusser, B., 121, 128 Mohave Community College, institutional performance improvement and (case Quality; definition of, 6, 8; strategic example); accountability and, 61; back¬ thinking and, 6, 9; techniques for ground and challenges and, 52-53; defining, 6, 8-9 Efficiency and Effectiveness Program Quality improvement: active listening Review Model (EEPRM) and, 53-57; and, 6,9; advancement of market posi¬ findings, 57-58; measures, 58-59; ratio¬ tion and, 8; applications of, 9-12; nale for implementing EEPRM and, 59, assessing performance and, 6, 9; clari¬ 61; recommendations, 58-59; research fying goals and, 6, 9; conflicting projects and, 53; resources and public elements of, 8; educational experience demand, 52-53; results, 61 and, 8; fiscal ability and, 8; institutional Mortenson, T., 81, 85 culture and, 9; institutional inputs and outputs and, 8; leadership/governance National Association of College and Uni¬ and, 9; P*Q*P initiative (Illinois) versity Business Officers (NACUBO), and, 31-32; process results and, 8. See 13,101, 110 also Institutional quality/effectiveness National Center for Educational Statis¬ improvement; Mohave Community tics, 29 College, institutional performance National Commission on Accountability improvement and (case example); Uni¬ in Higher Education, 51, 61 versity System of Maryland, institu¬ National Survey of Student Engagement, tional transformation at (case example) 73 Rawls, j., 84, 85 Oklahoma Promise scholarship program, Rice, G. K., 13 34-35 Rogers, F., 102, 110 O’Malley, M., 81, 85 Rosenbaum, J. E., 13, 127, 128 Ruch, R. S., 126, 128 P*Q*P initiative (Illinois), 31-32 Palmisano, S., 132, 138 Sanders, K. R., 32, 38 Performance improvement: P*Q*P ini¬ Sevier, R. A., 91, 98 tiative (Illinois) and, 31-32. See also Shareholders; accountability and, 6-7; Mohave Community College, institu¬ goals of, 6. See also Constitutencies tional performance imprcwement and Sinha, K. W., 89, 98 (case example); Productivity improve¬ Social norm initiatives, and institutional ment quality/efficiency, 12 Person, A. E., 127, 128 South Dakota Board of Regents, 36, 37 Pricing, of tuition, 96 State Higher Education Executive Offi¬ Process improvements, examples of, 10 cers (SHEEO) 33, 38, 41 Productivity improvement: Effectiveness Strehle, G., 102, 110 and Efficiency Initiative (University Student learning, accountability and, System of Maryland) and, 44-47; 24-26 P*Q*P initiative (Illinois) and, 31-32. Student learning assessment measures See also Efficiency improvement; Insti¬ 26-27. See also Assessment tutional transformation; Performance Student success measures, and institu¬ improvement; University System of tional quality/efficiency, 11 Mar)'land, institutional transformation at (case example) Targeted aid, and institutional effi¬ Program review: efficiency/effectiveness ciency/quality, 12 and, 52; institutional transformation Taylor, D. C., 13 and, 51; interface with institutional Tierney, "W. G., 121, 123, 124, 125, 129 Index 143 Tuition, pricing of, 96. See also Financial admission model and, 46-47; early aid college access and, 48; economic chal¬ Tuition discounting, 31, 83-84, 96 lenges and, 41-42; Effectiveness and Turner, S. E., 121, 128 Efficiency Initiative and, 44-47; fast- Twinning, 132-133 tracking students and, 48; growth institutions and, 45; initiative by indi¬ Uniform Prudent Management of Insti¬ vidual institutions and, 45-46; need- tutional Funds Act, 109, 110 based financial aid and, 44; next phase University of Wisconsin-Stout, institu¬ of E&E Initiative and, 47-48; perfor¬ tional quality/effectiveness improve¬ mance measures and, 49; public atti¬ ment at (case example): background, tude and, 42; revolutionary systemic 63; Curricular Incubation Center and, change and, 42-43; steps to transfor¬ 71; e-Scbolar program and, 71; leader¬ mative change and, 45; student access ship and, 64; meeting rules and, and, 46; technology-based courses 68-69; participation/communication and, 48; time-to-degree and, 45-46 and, 64-65; performance indicators University System of North Dakota, 35, and, 69-72; planning readiness and, 36, 39 63; planning/budget process and, U.S. Census Bureau, 76, 85 66-68; polytechnic designation and, U.S. Department of Education, 76, 80, 85 71-72; program outcomes and, 72; U.S. News & World Report, 99, 110 resource principles and, 69; stake¬ holder visioning sessions and, 68; Vaughan, G. B., 53, 61 strategic planning model and, 65-66; support structure and, 64; university Ward, J., 52, 61 priority template and, 69, 70 fig. Wellman, J. V., 13 University System of Maryland (USM), 41 Wentz, M., 13 University System of Maryland, institu¬ Wilson, H., 126, 128 tional transformation at (case exam¬ Winston, G. C., 13 ple): administrative commitment and, Winston, G., 31, 39 46; collective purchasing and, 45; con¬ densed degree program and, 47; cost- Zemsky, R., 13 effective activities and, 43-45; dual Zumeta, W., 51, 53, 61