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New Developments in Goal Setting and Task Performance This book concentrates on the last ten years of research in the area of goal setting and performance at work. The editors and contributors believe goals affect action, and this volume will have a lineup of international contributors who look at the recent theories and implications in this area for IO psychologists and human resource management academics and graduate students. Edwin A. Locke is Dean’s Professor of Leadership and Motivation (Emeritus) at the R.H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. He received his BA from Harvard in 1960 and his Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology from Cornell University in 1964. Gary P. Latham is the Secretary of State Professor of Organizational Effectiveness in the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto where he has cross appointments in Industrial Relations, School of Nursing and the Department of Psychology. His previous positions include staff psychologist at the American Pulpwood Association and the Weyerhaeuser Company and Ford Motor Professor in and Chair of the Management and Organization Department of the University of Washington. New Developments in Goal Setting and Task Performance Edited by Edwin A. Locke and Gary P. Latham I~ ~~~:~~n~~~up NEW YORK AND LONDON First published 2013 by Routledge part of the Taylor and Francis Group 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 Psychology Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-415-88548-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-08274-4 (ebk) Typeset in Minion by Cenveo Publisher Services To Cathy and Soosan Contents Introduction xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Editors xiv About the Authors xvi PART I The Basics 1 1 Goal Setting Theory, 1990 3 GARY P. LATHAM AND EDWIN A. LOCKE 2 The Economic Value of Goal Setting to Employers 16 FRANK L. SCHMIDT 3 Stretch Goals: Risks, Possibilities, and Best Practices 21 STEVE KERR AND DOUGLAS LEPELLEY PART II Mediators and Moderators 33 4 Attributions and Emotions as Mediators and/or Moderators in the Goal-Striving Process 35 MARION B. EBERLY, DONG LIU, TERENCE R. MITCHELL, AND THOMAS W. LEE 5 Feedback, Goal Setting, and Task Performance Revisited 51 SUSAN J. ASHFORD AND KATLEEN E. M. DE STOBBELEIR 6 Goal Commitment 65 HOWARD J. KLEIN, JOSEPH T. COOPER, AND CHRISTINA A. MONAHAN viii Contents 7 Goals, Goal Orientations, Strategies, and Performance 90 ROBERT E. WOOD, JENNIFER WHELAN, VICTOR SOJO, AND MOUREEN WONG PART III Special Goal Topics 115 8 Goals and Affect 117 STEFANIE A. PLEMMONS AND HOWARD M. WEISS 9 Determinants of Goals 133 PETER A. HESLIN AND KARYN L. WANG 10 The Role of Self-Effi cacy in Goal-Based Motivation 147 ALBERT BANDURA 11 Goals and Self-regulation: Emerging Perspectives across Levels and Time 158 DAVID V. DAY AND KERRIE L. UNSWORTH 12 Multiple Goal Pursuit 177 SHU HUA SUN AND MICHAEL FRESE 13 Learning Goals: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review 195 GERARD H. SEIJTS, GARY P. LATHAM, AND MEREDITH WOODWARK 14 Goals and Self-Effi cacy as Mediators 213 PETER A. HESLIN AND DAN V. CAPRAR PART IV Long-Term and Large Scale Goal Setting Programs and Studies 231 15 Long-Term Effects of Goal Setting on Performance with the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES) 233 ROBERT D. PRITCHARD, BRANDON L. YOUNG, NICK KOENIG, DANIEL SCHMERLING, AND NATALIE WRIGHT DIXON 16 The Predictive Validity of Conscious and Subconscious Motives on Career Advancement 246 ANN HOWARD 17 Goal Setting and Organizational Transformation 262 LISE M. SAARI Contents ix 18 A Quantitative Analysis of the High Performance Cycle in Italy 270 LAURA BORGOGNI AND SILVIA DELLO RUSSO PART V Goals in Groups and at the Macro Level 285 19 Goal Setting in Teams 287 WILLIAM S. KRAMER, AMANDA L. THAYER, AND EDUARDO SALAS 20 Units, Divisions, and Organizations: Macro-Level Goal Setting 311 GREG YOUNG AND KEN G. SMITH PART VI Goal Setting in Specifi c Domains 329 21 The Relevance of Goal Setting Theory for Human Resource Management 331 GARY P. LATHAM AND ALANA S. ARSHOFF 22 Goals and Creativity 343 CHRISTINA E. SHALLEY AND GAMZE KOSEOGLU 23 Leadership and Goal Setting 357 RONALD F. PICCOLO AND CLAUDIA BUENGELER 24 Goal Setting in Sports 375 KEVIN J. WILLIAMS 25 Goals and Negotiation 397 KEVIN TASA, GLEN WHYTE, AND GEOFFREY J. LEONARDELLI 26 Using Goal Setting to Promote Health Behaviour Change: Diet and Physical Activity 415 MICAL K. SHILTS, MARILYN S. TOWNSEND, AND ROD K. DISHMAN 27 Linking Goals and Aging: Experimental and Lifespan Approaches 439 ROBIN L. WEST, NATALIE C. EBNER, AND ERIN C. HASTINGS 28 Goals and Entrepreneurship 460 J. ROBERT BAUM 29 Working with Goals in Therapy 474 PER JOSTEIN MATRE, KITTY DAHL, ROBERT JENSEN, AND HANS M. NORDAHL
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