New developments in analytical chemistry research

194 Pages·2015·4.928 MB·English

by  Granger, Breanna

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CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

N D
EW EVELOPMENTS IN
A C
NALYTICAL HEMISTRY
RESEARCH

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C R
HEMISTRY ESEARCH
A
AND PPLICATIONS

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CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

N D
EW EVELOPMENTS IN
A C
NALYTICAL HEMISTRY
RESEARCH

BREANNA GRANGER
EDITOR

New York

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ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:25)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:26)(cid:22)(cid:16)(cid:20) (eBook)

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CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Analytical Methods for Organic and Inorganic
Toxics Determination in Cosmetics Products 1
D. Melucci, C. Locatelli, M. D‟Annunzio,
M. Rendina and M. Locatelli
Chapter 2 Bioinspired Chemically Modified Electrodes
for Electroanalysis 41
Ana Luisa Silva, Edilson Moura Pinto,
Eduardo Ariel Ponzio,
Eduardo Costa de Figueiredo
and Felipe Silva Semaan
Chapter 3 Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode
for Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic
Compounds in the Presence of Surfactant 87
Felipe Augusto Gorla, Eduardo Henrique Duarte,
Juliana de Fátima Giarola, Elen Romão Sartori,
Arnaldo César Pereira
and César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley

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vi Contents
Chapter 4 Adsorption Properties of a New Ion-Selective
Hierarchically Imprinted Poly(Acrylamide-Co-
Egdma) for the Extraction/Preconcentration of
Co(II) from Aqueous Medium 115
Fernanda Midori de Oliveira,
Nathália Barbosa Wutke,
Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr.,
Mariana Gava Segatelli
and César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley,
Chapter 5 Development of a Biosensor-Based Carbon
Nanotube Paste (MWCT) - Modified DNA
Adsorbed on Inorganic Material for the
Phenothiazine Determination 139
Guilherme B. Braga, Juliana de Fatima Giarola,
Fernanda Midori de Oliveira, Emerson S. Ribeiro,
César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
and Arnaldo C. Pereira
Index 169

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PREFACE

Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon
black and fullerenes are interesting materials for the development of analytical
methods. In electrochemistry, carbon nanotubes improves the electron transfer
and provides an improvement in the analytical sensitivity and selectivity of
phenolic compounds determination. This book discusses several topics on
analytical chemistry including enhanced electrochemical properties of multi-
walled carbon nanotube paste electrode for simultaneous determination of
phenolic compounds in the presence of surfactant; analytical methods for
organic and inorganic toxics; bioinspired chemically modified electrodes for
electroanalysis; and the adsorption properties of a new ion-selective
hierarchically imprinted poly(acrylamide-co-egdma) for the extraction/pre-
concentration of Co(II) from an aqueous medium.
Chapter 1 - The widespread use has made preservatives become a special
monitored group in commercial cosmetics, especially in the leave-on products
due to the prolonged exposure.
Additionally, recently there has been an increase in the demand for
preservative-free cosmetics related to undesired adverse effects on human
health, in order to minimize the amount in personal care products or produce
preservative-free-cosmetics and verify the contents to avoid health risk.
Hence, the simultaneous separation and trace-level determination in
personal care products are important for both merchandise reliability and
quality assurance.
However, is not possible to exclude that heavy metals can be accumulated
in the body over time and repetitive metal-containing product application can
lead to significant exposure levels.
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viii Breanna Granger
In the case of some metallic powders such as nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and
cadmium (Cd), they are unintentionally added to the cosmetics as impurities
during manufacturing of an ingredient or product, and represent a minor
source of exposure compared to other pathways such as water, food or air.
For these reasons it is necessary a deep knowledge of real toxics (organic
and inorganic) content into personal care products and cosmetics using
reliable, high-throughput, sensitive and selective analytical assays.
In this chapter, recently developed method for the extraction, separation,
and quantitative determination of organic (phthalates and parabens) and
inorganic toxic (heavy metals) in cosmetic products are reported.
Chapter 2 - This chapter aims to present main aspects of biomimetic
sensors, their obtainment and analytical applications, briefly revisiting
fundamentals of voltammetry. These fields have experienced an impressive
growth in recent years; basic and applied researches on bioinspired chemically
modified electrodes are opening, this way, a wide range of new specific
applications. An electroanalytical biosensing device is a self-contained
integrated unit capable of providing specific semi-quantitative, or even
quantitative, analytical information by using a biological recognition element
suitably retained in direct contact with an electrochemical transduction
element. Such devices can be easily classified according to biological
specificity-conferring mechanism, to physical-chemical signal transduction or
to reaction category they monitor. The first well-established biomimetic sensor
is the enzyme-based biosensor, in which different enzymes can be coupled to
electrochemical platforms by many different ways in order to improve
selectivity or/and sensitivity, such enzymes can be used as purified material or
even in natural extracts, keeping the main advantages and reducing costs in
many cases. Other interesting biological recognition mechanism exploited for
electroanalytical purposes is antigen-antibody reactions, which leads to an
immunosensor, a special kind of sensor in which the analytical device contains
a biological material (antibody or antigen) immobilized onto its surface. Both
described systems (enzyme-substrate and antigen-antibody) must be carefully
assessed in order to achieve a responsive layer in which biochemical
components can be entrapped without loss of activity or stability; in this sense
many different immobilization approaches have been described. These
bioelectroanalytical approaches are, in fact, limited to some natural or
recombinant molecules, to the availability and stability of recognition elements
and their capability of entrapment onto electrode surfaces, besides these costs
of purified material are also a drawback. Aiming to overcome these limitations
but keeping on mind the exploitation of biomolecular recognition principles,
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