New Constantines: the rhythm of imperial renewal in Byzantium, 4th-13th centuries

324 Pages·1994·10.507 MB·English

by  Paul Magdalino

NEW CONSTANTINES
Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies
Publications
2
NEW CONSTANTINES
THE RHYTHM OF IMPERIAL RENEWAL IN
BYZANTIUM, 4TH-13TH CENTURIES
Papers from the Twenty-sixth Spring Symposium of
Byzantine Studies, St Andrews, March 1992
edited by
Paul Magdalino
VARIORUM
1994
Copyright © 1994 by the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies
Hon. Secretary, Dr M.E. Mullett, Dept of Greek & Latin, The
Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT7 INN
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, or otherwise
without the prior permission of the publisher.
Published by VARIORUM
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Ashgate Publishing Company
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ISBN 0-86078-409-6
British Library CIP Data
New Constantines: Rhythm of Imperial
Renewal in Byzantium, 4th-13th Centuries
Dr - Papers from the Twenty-sixth Spring
ooa Symposium of Byzantine Studies,
St. Andrews, March 1992. - (Society for
the Promotion of Byzantine Studies Series;
V
No. 2)
I. Magdalino, Paul n. Series
949.5
Typeset by Stanford Desktop Publishing Services, Milton Keynes
Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge
SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF BYZANTINE STUDIES - PUBLICATION 2
Contents
Editor's preface vii
List of abbreviations ix
1. Introduction, Paul Magdalino 1
2. New men for new Constantines? Creating an imperial elite
in the eastern Mediterranean, Peter Heather 11
3. Pius princeps: Theodosius II and fifth-century Constantinople,
Jill Harries 35
4. Justinian us Bifrons, Bernard Stolte 45
5. The image of Constantine in Malalas and Theophanes,
Roger Scott 57
6. The image of the rightful ruler: Anicia Juliana's Constantine
mosaic in the church of Hagios Polyeuktos, Christine Milner 73
7. Images for emperors in Late Antiquity: a search for New
Constantine, Michael Whitby 83
8. Constantine or Justinian? Crisis and identity in imperial
propaganda in the seventh century, John F. Haldon 95
9. Imperial art in the seventh century, Marlia Mundell Mango 109
10. To legitimize an emperor: Constantine and visual authority
in the eighth and ninth centuries, Leslie Brubaker 139
11. Constantine the Great in Macedonian historiography:
models and approaches, A. Markopoulos 159
12. The wisdom of Leo VI, Shaun F. Tougher 171
13. Imperial gardens and the rhetoric of renewal, Henry Maguire 181
v
vi CONTENTS
14. Succession and usurpation: politics and rhetoric in the
late tenth century, Rosemary Morris 199
15. Zoe: the rhythm method of imperial renewal, Barbara Hill,
Liz James, Dion Smythe 215
16. Imperial renewal and orthodox reaction: Byzatium in the
eleventh century, Michael Angold 231
17. A law for emperors: observations on a chrysobull of
Nikephoros HI Botaneiates, Ludwig Burgmann 247
18. Alexios I Komnenos and imperial renewal, Margaret Mullett 259
19. From the Komnenoi to the Palaiologoi: imperial models in
decline and exile, R. J. Macrides 269
20. Royal renewal in Georgia: the case of Queen Tamar,
Antony Eastmond 283
21. The Latin emperors as heirs to Byzantium, Peter Lock 295
Index 305
Preface
This volume is the second in the series published by Variorum for the Society
for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies. Like its predecessor, Byzantine
Diplomacy, it consists of papers from a Spring Symposium; it is not, and
was never intended to be, a complete transcript of the conference
proceedings. A conference will almost always include some papers which
are not destined for immediate publication, and where market forces
prevail, as is usually the case in Britain and America, the printed outcome
is bound to be a reduced version of the oral presentation — the egg that
proceeds from the chicken. It has always been a strength of the British
Byzantine symposia that they offer a richer and more varied spread than
can be packed within hard covers at an affordable price. 'Byzands', the
Twenty-Sixth Spring Symposium, held at St Andrews from Friday 27 to
Monday 30 March 1992, was no exception Five of the main papers and eleven
of the short communications presented there are not published here, and
the volume is correspondingly poorer in methodological, geographical
and chronological coverage. It is hoped, however, that it preserves the
thematic coherence that was acknowledged to be such a positive feature
of the occasion, and will recapture the flavour of that occasion both for those
who were there and for those who were not.
The present publication certainly owes an enormous debt to all those who
made the symposium possible — the organizers, the participants, and
above all the sponsors. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the generous financial
support of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies, the University
of St Andrews, the Hellenic Foundation, the British Academy, the Russell
Trust, and the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Without their
generosity, the volume would have been appreciably slimmer. In registering
my debt to the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies, I am also
conscious that each symposium is driven to a large extent by the momentum
built up by its predecessors, and by the enthusiasm of the loyal core of Society
members who attend year after year.
1992 was an annus horribilis not only for British royalty but also for
Byzantine studies, which suffered the premature loss of some of their
vii
viii PREFACE
brightest and best. St Andrews was the last Spring Symposium attended
by Martin Harrison. It contained little archaeology, but there was a paper,
published in this volume, which refined and advanced Martin's interpre­
tation of the model for the church of St Polyeuktos in Constantinople, the
monument with which all Byzantinists will forever associate him. It is
therefore fitting to dedicate this publication to his memory.
Paul Magdalino
St Andrews, May 1993
List of abbreviations
A.Val. Anonymus Valesianus, ed. and tr. J. Rolfe in vol.III of the
Loeb edition of Ammianus Marcellinus (Cambridge, Mass.,
1939), 506-69
Al. Anna Comnena, Alexiad, ed. and tr. B. Leib, 3 vols (Paris,
1937-45)
ActaAntHung Acta Antiqua Academic Scientiarum Hungaricae
ACO Archives de l'Orient Chrétien
ArtB Art Bulletin
Att. Michael Attaleiates (or Attaleiotes), Historia, ed. I. Bekker,
CSHB (Bonn, 1853)
BF Byzantinische Forschungen
BBTT Belfast Byzantine Texts and Translations
CahArch Cahiers Archéologiques
Cheynet, Pouvoir J.-C. Cheynet, Fournir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210),
Byzantina Sorbonensia 9 (Paris, 1990)
Chon. Niketas Choniates, Historia, ed. J.-L. van Dieten,
CFHB 11/1-2 (Berlin-New York, 1975)
Chron. Pasch. Chronicon Paschale, ed. L. Dindorf, CSHB (Bonn, 1832)
Const. Porph., TT Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Three Treatises on Imperial
Military Expeditions, ed., tr. and comm. J. F. Haldon,
CFHB 28 (Vienna, 1990)
Corippus Flavius Cresconius Corippus, In laudem Iustini Augusti
minoris, ed., tr. and comm. A.M. Cameron (London, 1976)
DAI Constantine VII, De administrando imperio, ed. and tr. G.
Moravcsik and R.J.H. Jenkins (Washington, D.C., 19672)
DC Constantine VII, De cerimoniis aulae byzantinae, ed. I.I.
Reiske I (Bonn, 1829); Book I ed. and tr. A. Vogt, Le Livre
des Cérémonies, Texte, 2 vols; Commentaire, 2 vols (Paris,
1939-40)
DOC, II/1-2-III/1-2 P. Grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the
Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection,
II, parts 1-2; III, parts 1-2 (Washington, D.C., 1968,1973)
EHR English Historical Review
1RS Journal of Roman Studies
JThS Journal of Theological Studies
X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
JWarb Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
Kazh. A. P. Kazhdan, "Constantin imaginaire". Byzantine
Legends of the Ninth Century about Constantine the
Great', Byz 57 (1987), 196-250
Leo Diac. Leo the Deacon, Historia, ed. C.B. Hase, CSHB (Bonn,
1828)
Magdalino, 'Nea' P. Magdalino, 'Observations on the Nea Ekklesia of Basil
V, JOB 37 (1987), 51-64
Mai. John Malalas, Chronographia, ed. L. Dindorf, CSHB (Bonn,
1831)
Men.Rhet. Menander Rhetor, ed. and tr. D. A. Russell and N. G.
Wilson (Oxford, 1981)
ODB Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, ed. A. Kazhdan, 3 vols
(Oxford-New York, 1991)
Okeanos Okeanos. Essays for Ihor $evCenko, eds C. Mango, O.
Pritsak, with U. M. Pasicznyk (Harvard Ukranian Studies
7) (Cambridge, Mass., 1983)
Psell. Michael Psellos, Chronographia, ed. E. Renauld, 2 vols
(Paris, 1928)
SCH Studies in Church History
Skyl. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, ed. J. Thum, CFHB 5
(Berlin-New York, 1973)
Theoph. Theophanes, Chronographia, ed. C. de Boor, 2 vols
(Leipzig, 1883-5)
Theoph. Cont. Theophanes Continuatus, Chronographia, ed. I. Bekker,
CSHB (Bonn, 1838)
TTH Translated Texts for Historians
Whitby, Chron.Pasch. Michael and Mary Whitby, tr. and comm., Chronicon
Paschale, 284-628 AD, TTH 7 (Liverpool, 1989)
For all other abbreviations, consult Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik
(JÖB), and the main English-language Greek lexica (LSJ, Lampe, Sophocles)