New civil codes in Hungary and Romania

227 Pages·2017·3.191 MB·English

by  Menyhárd, Attila, Veress, Emőd

Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice 63
Attila Menyhárd
Emőd Veress E ditors
New Civil
Codes in
Hungary and
Romania
Ius Gentium: Comparative
Perspectives on Law and Justice
Volume 63
Series editors
Mortimer Sellers, University of Baltimore
James Maxeiner, University of Baltimore
Board of Editors
Myroslava Antonovych, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
Nadia de Araújo, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
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Loussia P. Musse Félix, University of Brasilia
Emanuel Gross, University of Haifa
James E. Hickey Jr., Hofstra University
Jan Klabbers, University of Helsinki
Cláudia Lima Marques, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
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Eric Millard, West Paris University
Gabriël A. Moens, Curtin University
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Poonam Saxena, University of Delhi
Gerry Simpson, London School of Economics
Eduard Somers, University of Ghent
Xinqiang Sun, Shandong University
Tadeusz Tomaszewski, Warsaw University
Jaap de Zwaan, Erasmus University Rotterdam
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7888
á ő
Attila Menyh rd Em d Veress
(cid:129)
Editors
New Civil Codes in Hungary
and Romania
123
Editors
Attila Menyhárd Emőd Veress
Department ofCivil Law, Faculty of Law Department ofLaw
EötvösLorándUniversity Sapientia Hungarian University
Budapest ofTransylvania
Hungary Cluj-Napoca
Romania
ISSN 1534-6781 ISSN 2214-9902 (electronic)
Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives onLawandJustice
ISBN978-3-319-63326-8 ISBN978-3-319-63327-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63327-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017946045
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Preface
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) in Budapest is known as Hungary’s oldest,
largest and most prestigious university. Tuition at ELTE’s Faculty of Law began
350yearsago,in1667,whichalsomeansnootherHungarianFacultyofLawhasa
longeruninterruptedrecord.Sapientia–theHungarianUniversityofTransylvania,
established in 2001 as a private higher education institution in the multicultural
region of Transylvania, Romania, is considered a successor to the great legal
academyofCluj-Napoca,therootsofwhichgobackto1774andhaveemergedas
an important centre of legal research. The strong professional connection between
the two universities is manifested unambiguously through the fact that numerous
lecturers are members of both ELTE and Sapientia, which generates a great
opportunity to share legal research experience between the two institutes.
The papers published here are the results of two conferences held on 24 May
2013 and on 20 September 2013 in Cluj-Napoca and in Budapest, thanks to the
activecooperationbetweenELTEandSapientia.Theconferenceswerededicatedto
the new Romanian and Hungarian Civil Codes, as the Romanian “Codul civil”
(Act. No. 287/2009) had recently entered into force on 1 October 2011, while the
Hungarian “Polgári Törvénykönyv” (Act No. V/2013) has been applicable since
15March2014.Additionally,thetwocountriesareconnectedtoeachotherbytheir
special historical and cultural background, which serves as a solid basis for great
cooperation, resulting in the two conferences and the present proceedings from
them.
The main purpose of the above-mentioned conferences was to present and
discusstheregulationand thefundamental changes related tothenew Civil Codes
in each study, as well as to highlight the new features and some of the issues
of great debate in the new regulations. The concept was that the lectures were
organizedbasicallyinpairs,andthereforesimilartopicswerepresentedbylecturers
from ELTE and Sapientia, mostly one by one. These topics have reviewed
numerous different parts of the civil law. Emőd Veress and Zsolt Fegyveresi
provided introspection on the transition towards a monist private law and the
persistence of some characteristics of commercial law in connection with the new
RomanianCivilCode,whileotherperformersfocusedonmorespecificpartsofthe
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vi Preface
two Civil Codes, such as the default rules of legal persons and companies in the
new Civil Code of Hungary, presented by Zoltán Csehi and András Kisfaludi, key
issues in the new regulations on property law, presented by Attila Menyhárd and
Szilárd Sztranyiczki, while the topic of intellectual property, presented by Gábor
Faludi and Ligia Cătuna also constituted a significant element of the conferences.
The law of obligation was a highlighted area of the conferences, and Ádám
Fuglinszky discussed some of the structural questions of contractual and
extracontractual liability. Meanwhile, Balázs Tőkey provided insight into the new
particularagreementsinthenewHungarianCivilCode.Then,JohannaSzekrényes
discussed unforeseeable changes in circumstances in contracts in the new
Romanian Civil Code, and finally Krisztina Constantinescu dealt with both the
Hungarian and the Romanian legal systems through the perceptions of simulated
contracts. Other specific parts of the conferences were family law and the law of
succession,asOrsolyaSzeibertdeliveredalectureaboutmarriageandcohabitation
inthenewHungarianCivilCode,focusedontheupcomingchallengesofthetopic,
while the last pieces of the conferences were the two lectures on the law of
succession in the new Hungarian and Romanian Civil Code, presented by Hella
Molnár and János Székely.
The presentations held at the two conferences provided a great opportunity to
present a wide selection of the key regulatory issues of the new Hungarian and
Romanian Civil Codes as well as to point out some of the upcoming challenges
oftheissuesdiscussed.Asaverdictontheconferences,itseemsfairtodeclarethat
the cooperation between ELTE and Sapientia, which has already begun over the
past few years, hasabrightfuture andafruitfulcontinuity liesahead. Letusshare
theveryfirstevidenceofthishighlypromisingintellectualroutethroughthepapers
of these conferences with our distinguished readers.
Budapest, Hungary Attila Menyhárd
Cluj-Napoca, Romania Emőd Veress
February 2017
Contents
1 Legal Persons in the New Civil Code of Hungary . .... ..... .... 1
Zoltán Csehi
2 Default Rules on Companies in the New Hungarian
Civil Code .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 15
András Kisfaludi
3 The New Romanian Civil Code—Difficulties in the Transition
Towards a Monist Private Law .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 27
Emőd Veress
4 The Persistence of Some Characteristics of Commercial
Law in the Monist Romanian Civil Law. .... .... .... ..... .... 35
Zsolt Fegyveresi
5 Property Law in the New Hungarian Civil Code: Key Issues . .... 43
Attila Menyhárd
6 Property Law in the New Romanian Civil Code... .... ..... .... 59
Szilárd Sztranyiczki
7 Intellectual Property in the New Civil Code of Hungary..... .... 73
Gábor Faludi
8 The New Civil Code of Romania and Its Impact
on Intellectual Property . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 83
Ligia Cătuna
9 Some Structural Questions on the Relationship Between
Contractual and Extracontractual Liability in the New
Hungarian Civil Code... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 107
Ádám Fuglinszky
10 New Particular Agreements in the New Hungarian Civil Code........ 131
Balázs Tőkey
vii
viii Contents
11 Unforeseeable Changes in Circumstances in Contracts
in the New Romanian Civil Code... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 145
Johanna Szekrényes
12 Perceptions of Simulated Contracts in the Hungarian
and Romanian Legal Systems.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 159
Krisztina Constantinescu
13 Marriage and Cohabitation in the New Hungarian
Civil Code—Answering the New Challenges.. .... .... ..... .... 173
Orsolya Szeibert
14 The Law of Succession in the New Hungarian Civil Code.... .... 193
Hella Molnár
15 Law of Succession in the New Romanian Civil Code... ..... .... 209
János Székely
About the Editors
AttilaMenyhárd isFullProfessorofPrivateLaw,HeadofDepartmentandDdean
of Eötvös Loránd University Law School in Budapest, Hungary. He is President
oftheAdvisoryBoardtotheCuria(e.g.highestcourtinHungary),Memberofthe
Operative Committee for Recodification of the Hungarian Civil Code and Fellow
oftheEuropeanCentreforTortandInsuranceLaw(ECTIL).Hisresearchinterests
coveramongotherthingstortlaw,contractlaw,propertylaw,companylaw,trusts,
law and economics, human rights in private law, the relations and borderlines of
private and public law and the private law aspects of European law.
Emőd Veress is Full Professor of Private Law and Head of Department at the
Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania in Cluj-Napoca, Romania,
arbitrator and attorney. He is Secretary General of the “Societas – Central and
Eastern European Company Law Research Network”, Member of the “European
Society of Comparative Legal History” and author of a very successful Romanian
study book on the general part of the law of obligations and of a monograph on
suretyship contracts. His research interests cover among other things law of
obligations, creditor protection in company law and insolvency law, comparative
private law.
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