New Advances in Stem Cell Transplantation

594 Pages·2012·22.729 MB·English

by  T. Demirer

NEW ADVANCES IN STEM
CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Edited by Taner Demirer
New Advances in Stem Cell Transplantation
Edited by Taner Demirer

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech
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First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

New Advances in Stem Cell Transplantation, Edited by Taner Demirer
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0013-3

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Basic Aspects of Stem Cell Transplantation 1
Chapter 1 Generation of Patient Specific Stem Cells:
A Human Model System 3
Stina Simonsson, Cecilia Borestrom and Julia Asp
Chapter 2 Importance of Non-HLA Gene Polymorphisms in
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 25
Jeane Visentainer and Ana Sell
Chapter 3 Relevance of HLA Expression Variants in
Stem Cell Transplantation 39
Britta Eiz-Vesper and Rainer Blasczyk
Chapter 4 The T-Cells’ Role in Antileukemic Reactions -
Perspectives for Future Therapies’ 59
Helga Maria Schmetzer and Christoph Schmid
Chapter 5 Determination of Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines in
Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic
Stem Cell Transplantation 83
Adriana Gutiérrez-Hoya, Rubén López-Santiago,
Jorge Vela-Ojeda, Laura Montiel-Cervantes,
Octavio Rodríguez-Cortes and Martha Moreno-Lafont
Chapter 6 Licensed to Kill: Towards Natural Killer
Cell Immunotherapy 103
Diana N. Eissens, Arnold van der Meer and Irma Joosten
Chapter 7 Dendritic Cells in Hematopoietic Stem
Cell Transplantation 127
Yannick Willemen, Khadija Guerti, Herman Goossens,
Zwi Berneman, Viggo Van Tendeloo and Evelien Smits
Chapter 8 Mesenchymal Stem Cells
as Immunomodulators in Transplantation 143
Nadia Zghoul, Mahmoud Aljurf and Said Dermime
VI Contents

Chapter 9 Endovascular Methods for Stem Cell Transplantation 159
Johan Lundberg and Staffan Holmin
Chapter 10 Dynamic Relationships of Collagen Extracellular
Matrices on Cardiac Differentiation of Human
Mesenchymal Stem Cells 183
Pearly Yong, Ling Qian, YingYing Chung and Winston Shim
Part 2 Clinical Aspects of Stem Cell Transplantation 197
Chapter 11 Sources of Hematopoietic Stem Cells 199
Piotr Rzepecki, Sylwia Oborska and Krzysztof Gawroński
Chapter 12 Cryopreservation of Hematopoietic and Non-Hematopoietic
Stem Cells – A Review for the Clinician 231
David Berz and Gerald Colvin
Chapter 13 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for
Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia 267
Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Stefania Paolini, Francesca Bonifazi,
Giuseppe Bandini, Giuseppe Visani and Sebastian Giebel
Chapter 14 Treatment Options in Myelodysplastic Syndromes 289
Klara Gadó and Gyula Domján
Chapter 15 Mantle Cell Lymphoma:
Decision Making for Transplant 319
Yener Koc and Taner Demirer
Chapter 16 Autologous Peripheral Blood Purified Stem
Cells Transplantation for Treatment of
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 345
Ledong Sun and Bing Wang
Chapter 17 Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria 355
Markiewicz Miroslaw, Koclega Anna,
Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka Malgorzata, Dzierzak-Mietla Monika,
Zielinska Patrycja, Frankiewicz Andrzej,
Bialas Krzysztof and Kyrcz-Krzemien Slawomira
Chapter 18 Intensified Chemotherapy with Stem Cell Support for
Solid Tumors in Adults: 30 Years of Investigations Can
Provide Some Clear Answers? 371
Paolo Pedrazzoli, Giovanni Rosti, Simona Secondino,
Marco Bregni and Taner Demirer
Chapter 19 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
for Malignant Solid Tumors in Children 381
Toshihisa Tsuruta
Contents VII

Chapter 20 Stem Cells in Ophthalmology 405
Sara T. Wester and Jeffrey Goldberg
Chapter 21 Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation and
Corneal Neovascularization 443
Kishore Reddy Katikireddy and Jurkunas V. Ula
Chapter 22 Bone Marrow Stromal Cells for Repair
of the Injured Spinal Cord 471
D. S. Nandoe Tewarie Rishi, Oudega Martin and J. Ritfeld Gaby
Chapter 23 What Do We Know About the Detailed Mechanism on
How Stem Cells Generate Their Mode of Action 495
Peter Riess and Marek Molcanyi
Chapter 24 Autologous Stem Cell Infusion
for Treatment of Pulmonary Disease 505
Neal M. Patel and Charles D. Burger
Chapter 25 Neurologic Sequealae of Hematopoietic Stem
Cell Transplantation (HSCT) 517
Ami J. Shah, Tena Rosser and Fariba Goodarzian
Chapter 26 Adenoviral Infection – Common Complication Following
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 533
Iwona Bil-Lula, Marek Ussowicz and Mieczysław Woźniak
Chapter 27 A Systematic Review of Nonpharmacological Exercise-Based
Rehabilitative Interventions in Adults Undergoing Allogeneic
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 557
M. Jarden

Preface

This book documents the increased number of stem cell-related research, clinical
applications, and views for the future. The book covers a wide range of issues in cell-
based therapy and regenerative medicine, and includes clinical and preclinical
chapters from the respected authors involved with stem cell studies and research from
around the world. It complements and extends the basics of stem cell physiology,
hematopoietic stem cells, issues related to clinical problems, tissue typing,
cryopreservation, dendritic cells, mesenchymal cells, neuroscience, endovascular cells
and other tissues. In addition, tissue engineering that employs novel methods with
stem cells is explored. Clearly, the continued use of biomedical engineering will
depend heavily on stem cells, and this book is well positioned to provide
comprehensive coverage of these developments.
This book will be the the main source for clinical and preclinical publications for
scientists working toward cell transplantation therapies with the goal of replacing
diseased cells with donor cells of various organs, and transplanting those cells close to
the injured or diseased target. With the increased number of publications related to
stem cells and Cell Transplantation, we feel it is important to take this opportunity to
share these new developments and innovations describing stem cell research in the
cell transplantation field with our worldwide readers.
Stem cells have a unique ability. They are able to self renew with no limit, allowing
them to replenish themselves, as well as other cells. Another ability of stem cells is
that they are able to differentiate to any cell type. A stem cell does not differentiate
directly to a specialized cell however- there are often multiple intermediate stages. A
stem cell will first differentiate to a progenitor cell. A progenitor cell is similar to a
stem cell, although they are limited in the number of times they can replicate, and
they are also restricted in which cells they can further differentiate to. Serving as a
sort of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit in order
to replenish other cells for the rest of the person or animal's natural life. When a stem
cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell, or become
another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood
cell, or a brain cell.
Because of the unique abilities of stem cells, as opposed to a typical somatic cell, they
are currently the target of ongoing research. Research on stem cells is advancing in the
X Preface

knowledge about how an organism develops from a single cell and how healthy cells
replace damaged cells in adult organisms. This promising area of science is also
leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell-based therapies to treat disease
such as diabetes or heart disease. It is often referred to as regenerative medicine or
reparative medicine.
During this last decade, the number of published articles or books investigating the
role of stem cells in cell transplantation or regenerative medicine increased remarkably
across all sections of the stem cell related journals. The largest number of stem cell
articles was published mainly in the field of neuroscience, followed by the bone,
muscle, cartilage, and hepatocytes. Interestingly, in recent years, the number of stem
cell articles describing the potential use of stem cell therapy and islet transplantation
in diabetes is also slowly increasing, even though this field of endeavor could have
one of the greatest clinical and societal impacts.
Stem cells could have the potential to diminish the problem of the availability of
transplantable organs that, today, limits the number of successful large-scale organ
replacements. Several different methods using stem cells are currently used, but there
are still several obstacles that need to be resolved before attempting to use stem cells in
the clinic. Regarding the transplantation of differentiated cells derived from stem cells,
one can argue that there are several regulatory, scientific, and technical issues, such as
cell manufacturing procedures, regulatory mechanisms for differentiation, and
developing screening methods to avoid developing inappropriate differentiated cells.
One of the next steps in stem cell therapy is the development of treatments that will
function not only at an early stage of transplantation, but will also remain intact
throughout the life of the host recipient.
It will be exciting and interesting for our readers to follow the recent developments in
the field of stem cells and cell transplantation, via this book, such as authors’ search
for the clues to what pathways are used by stem cells to repair tissue, or what can
trigger wound healing, bone growth, and brain repair. Although we are close to
finding pathways for stem cell therapies in many medical conditions, scientists need to
be careful how they use stem cells ethically, and should not rush into clinical trials
without carefully investigating the side effects. Focus must be on Good Manufacturing
Procedures (GMP) and careful monitoring of the long-term effects of transplanted
stem cells in the host.
In conclusion, Cell Transplantation is bridging cell transplantation research in a
multitude of disease models as methods and technology continue to be refined. The
use of stem cells in many therapeutic areas will bring hope to many patients awaiting
replacement of malfunctioning organs, or repairing of damaged tissues. We hope that
this book will be an important tool and reference guide for all scientists worldwide
who work in the field of stem cells and cell transplantation. Additionally, we hope that
it will shed a light upon many important debatable issues in this field.