New Advances in Histamine Research

340 Pages·1994·11.579 MB·English

by  Kenji Tasaka M.D., PH.D. (auth.)

Kenji Tasaka
New Advances in
Histamine Research
With 192 Figures, Including I in Color
Springer-Verlag
Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg
New York London Paris
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Kenji Tasaka, M.D., PH.D.
Chairman and Professor,
The Department of Pharmacology in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Okayama University,
1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700 Japan
ISBN-13:978-4-431-68265-3 e-ISBN-13:978-4-431-68263-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-4-431-68263-9
© Springer-Verlag Tokyo 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
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Preface
In 1910 histamine was first isolated from ergotinum dialysatum and its hypotensive effect
and uterine-stimulation action were discovered by Sir Henry Dale. Since then, its
physiological roles and pathological significance in various organs and diseases have been
elucidated to a great extent. Some representative contributions carried out in the
subsequent 80 years are listed below. However, many other important studies on the
physiology and pharmacology of histamine have been carried out in different areas.
-Discovery of histamine by the decarboxylation of histidine (Windaus and Vogt,
1907)
-Isolation of histamine from biological materials. Ergot preparation (Barger and
Dale, 1910)
-Pharmacological actions akin to those produced by "shock" and to certain
anaphylactic reactions (Dale and Laidlaw, 1910-1911). Effect on capillaries (Dale
and Richards, 1918; Lewis, 1924-1927)
-Gastric secretory effect (Popielski, 1920)
-Histamine as a natural constituent of some organs (Best, Dale, Dudley and
Thorpe, 1927)
-Liberation of histamine in anaphylactic shock (Dragstedt et al., 1932-1936;
Bartosch, Feldberg an,d Nagel, 1932)
-Development of antihistaminics (Bovet and Staub, 1937)
-Histamine inactivation by histaminase (Zeller, 1951; Schayer, 1952)
-Histamine in mast cells (Riley and West, 1953)
-Compound 48/80, as a potent histamine liberator (Feldberg, Paton, and Scha-
chter, 1951)
-Fluorometric histamine assay (Shore, 1959)
-Concept of HI- and H2-receptor (Advent of H2 receptor blocking agent) (Ash and
Schild, 1966; Black et al., 1972)
Recently there have been many important findings in relation to the physiological
effects of histamine on the central nervous system, and systematic studies of great
importance are now appearing regularly. One of the new trends in histamine research was
investigated by Schwartz and his associates: They clearly showed the existence of an H3
v
VI
receptor in the brain, thereby stimulating much research to clarify the function of
histamine in the brain. One remarkable outcome was the discovery that the principal role
of histamine in the brain may be excitatory. Concurrently with this, Tasaka and his
associates presented the exciting new finding that histamine exerts an excitatory effect on
the arousal system. Further experimentation revealed that histamine also exerts a
stimulatory effect on memory retention, the acquisition of learning, and memory recollec
tion.
Furthermore, it recently became clear that histamine plays a very critical role in the
differentiation and proliferation of neutrophil progenitor cells in the bone marrow.
Although the mechanism of leukocyte release from bone marrow is not yet clearly
understood, it has been shown that histamine plays a critical role in efficiently releasing
mature neutrophils from the bone marrow. Recent progress in molecular biology has
allowed the mechanism of histamine action on bone marrow cells to be successfully
analyzed at the molecular level. In related work, the interaction between histamine and
cytokines has drawn the keen attention of both histaminologists and hematologists.
Since histamine release in the antigen-antibody reaction was discovered in 1930, the
various stages in the mechanism leading to histamine release is still one of the main areas
of histamine research. The methodology in this field has progressed rapidly, stimulating
research carried out on the basis of molecular pharmacology and refined immunoelectron
microscopy. The study of histamine release from mast cells is also progressing rapidly.
This book covers many new findings, including the role of histamine in the arousal
system, learning, and memory. It also features research into the role of histamine in
neutrophil differentiation and the mechanism of histamine release using new techniques
such as molecular pharmacology and refined immunoelectronmicroscopy.
Enormous endeavors have been made at the Department of Pharmacology, Okayama
University in these new areas of histamine research. This book summarizes the research
done in this department, and the author sincerely hopes that it will be useful in
understanding the new advances that have been made in histamine research.
KENJI T ASAKA
The author
Kenji Tasaka, M.D. Ph.D., is chairman and professor of the Department of Pharmacol
ogy in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Okayama University. He was also the
Dean of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from 1981 to 1986 and from 1990 to
1994 (for a total of 4 terms).
Professor Tasaka graduated from Okayama University Medical School in 1952,
obtaining the degree of M.D. In 1953 he became a staff member of the Pharmacology
Department at Okayama University and received his Ph.D. in 1958. After he completed
2 years of postdoctoral research in the Department of Physiology at Mayo Clinic
(Rochester, Minnesota), he was appointed to Research Instructor of the Department of
Medicine at Virginia Medical College. He became Associate Professor of Pharmacology
in 1970 at Okayama University Medical School. In 1971 he was promoted to Professor
of Pharmacology in the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the same university.
Professor Tasaka is a member of the Japanese Pharmacological Society (Auditor,
Councilor), the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (Board of Governors, Councilor) the
Japanese Society of Allergology (Councilor), the European Histamine Research Society,
the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, the European Academy of
Allergology and Clinical Immunology, and is a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical
Society. He was the President of the following conferences: The Japanese Phar
macological Society (Kinki Branch) in 1977, the International Histamine Symposium in
1981, and the Asian Histamine Research Society in 1989 and 1992, the latter were both
held in Okayama, Japan.
He received awards from the European Histamine Research Society in 1985, 1988,
1990, and 1992. In 1993 he received the Mochida Memorial Scientific Award and the
Chugoku Scientific Award, and in 1994 he was given the Pharmaceutical Education
Award from the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
At present his main interests are histamine release from mast cells, the histamine
induced differentiation of neutrophil progenitor cells and the excitatory effect of histamine
on the contral nervous system.
VII
Table of contents
Chapter 1
Excitatory effect of histamine on the arousal system
1. Introduction ................................................ 1
2. EEG power spectral analysis 2
3. Changes in EEG patterns and EEG spectral powers recorder at the
frontal cortex (FCOR) and the nucleus ventralis thalami (VE) after
electrical stimulation to the RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Influence of the stimulation frequency and voltage .................. 5
5. Changes in EEG spectral powers after stimulation to the certain
areas of the RF ............................................ 6
6. Effects of histamine and its related compounds on EEG spectral
powers.................................................... 7
7. Effects of HI And H2 antagonists on histamine-induced decrease in
EEG spectral powers ........................................ 10
8. Effects of H3 agonists and antagonist on EEG spectral powers ........ 12
9. The pathway responsible for EEG synchronization and effect of histamine
on this system 16
10. Conclusion ................................................ 22
References .................................................... 23
IX
x
Chapter 2
The role of histamine on learning and memory
1. Introduction ................................................ 27
2. One-way active avoidance and passive avoidance 28
3. Age-related changes in acquisition and retention 29
4. Recovery of memory deficit in relation with a long interruption
of training in old rats. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5. Role of endogenous histamine in learning and memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6. Learning and memory deficits induced by hippocampal lesions. . . . . . . . . . 45
7. Effects of certain HI antagonists on active avoidance response ........ 51
8. Conclusion.................................................. 62
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chapter 3
Role of brain histamine on corticosteroid release
1. Introduction ................................................ 69
2. Effect of parenteral administration of histamine on plasma ACTH
and corticosteroid concentrations ................................ 70
3. Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine on plasma
ACTH and corticosteroid concentrations .......................... 73
4. Effects of HI and H2 agonists on plasma ACTH and corticosteroid
concentrations .............................................. 75
XI
5. Effects of HI and H2 antagonists on the elevation of plasma ACTH
and corticosteroid concentrations induced by histamine or 4-methylhista-
mine ...................................................... 77
6. Effects of H3 agonist and antagonist on plasma ACTH and corticosterone
concentrations in rats ........................................ 80
7. Effect of CRF on plasma ACTH and corticosteroid concentrations. . . . . . 80
8. Effect of histamine on plsama ACTH and corticosteroid concentrations
in hypophysectomized animals .................................. 81
9. Histamine depletion in rat brain and its influence on corticosterone
release .................................................... 82
10. Influence of lesions or stimulation to the posterior hypothalamus ...... 84
11. Interaction between the posterior hypothalamus and the adrenal gland 89
12. Effects of some neurotransmitters on steroidogenesis in dog
adrenocortical cells 92
13. Conclusion ................................................ 93
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Chapter 4
Role of Ca2+ and cAMP in histamine release from mast cells
Introduction .................................................. 97
1. Intracellular Ca2+ release induced by histamine releasers and its inhibition
by some antiallergic drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2. Inhibition of intracellular Ca mobilization, Ca uptake and histamine release
induced by some antiallergic drugs .............................. 103
XII
3. Sequential analysis of histamine release and intracellular Ca2+ release
from murine mast cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4. Ca uptake and Ca releasing properties of the endoplasmic reticulum
in rat peritoneal mast cells 114
5. Role of endoplasmic reticulum, an intracellular Ca2+ store, in histamine
release from mast cell ........................................ 121
6. Histamine release from ,B-escin-permeabilized rat peritoneal mast cells
and its inhibition by intracellular Ca2+ blockers, calmodulin inhibitors
and cAMP ................................................ 128
7. Role of A TP and activation of protein kinase C in Ca2+ -dependent histamine
release from permeabilized rat mast cells ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
8. Ca2+ -induced translocation of protein kinase C during Ca2+ -dependent
histamine release from ,B-escin-permeabilized mast cells .............. 146
9. Phosphorylation of smg p21B in rat peritoneal mast cells in association
with histamine release inhibition by dibutyryl-cAMP ................ 154
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Chapter 5
Role of cytoskeleton in the histamine release from mast cells
1. Role of microfilaments in the exocytosis of rat peritoneal mast cells 169
2. Microfilament-associated degranulation ............................ 178
3. Role of microtubules on Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and
associated histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells ............ 184
4. Identification of vimentin in rat peritoneal mast cells and its phosphorylation
in association with histamine release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
References .................................................... 199